青少年犯罪若干问题研究

近年来,我国青少年犯罪问题十分突出,并有日趋严重的趋势,引起全社会的普遍关注。在分析青少年犯罪的概念的基础上,概括总结了现阶段我国青少年犯罪的主要特征及其主要原因,并提出有关青少年犯罪治理的建议,认为社区控制是预防青少年犯罪的有效途径之一,以期对青少年犯罪问题的研究有所裨益。     

青少年犯罪社区矫正问题探析

《刑法修正案(八)》和最新修订之后的《刑事诉讼法》明确规定了社区矫正制度拥有的法律地位,其作为惩治犯罪的新型刑罚执行措施也已经被正式启用。基于此,本文着重分析探讨了青少年犯罪人社区矫正制度存在的几点缺陷,并提出了相应的对策与建议,希望能够为我国青少年犯罪人社区矫正制度的进一步完善和发展做出微薄的贡献。     

未成年人犯罪原因分析

在我国,未成年人犯罪通常是指对已满14周岁不满18周岁的未成年人实施的刑法和有关刑事法律所规定的犯罪行为。未成年人犯罪问题已经成为社会关注程度最高的问题之一。虽然未成年人犯罪的原因多种多样,但家庭的不良影响、学校教育的缺失、文化市场的失控和不良社会环境是其重要原因。     

Moral judgment and behavioral dimensions of juvenile delinquency

The relationship of levels of moral reasoning to behavioral dimensions of juvenile delinquency was investigated, using 162 delinquent boys in a reformatory. After adding biographical data to the Quay Behavioral Classification Instruments, four second-order factors were obtained, interpreted as a social inadequacy, an obstreperousness, a social orientation and an antisocial egocentricity factor. The principled morality score of Rest's Defining Issues Test correlated negatively with a social inadequacy score while a score measuring morality of rules and duty to social order correlated with a score indicating a group inclined social orientation. Unexpectedly delinquents with antisocial egocentristic tendencies did not display lower principled morality scores. Some evidence for the validity of Quay's Inadequacy-immaturity dimension was found.Appreciation is expressed to Pieter Lourens for his helpful assistanceThis article is based on the doctoral dissertation of the first author completed under the supervision of the second and third authors. The study was partly sponsored by a grant from the Human Sciences Research Council, Republic of South Africa.Requests for reprints should be sent to Pieter M. Heyns, who is now at the Department of Psychology, Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2000, Republic of South Africa     

青少年犯罪的心理原因及心理健康教育对策

文化素质低、心理不成熟、压力大、不良同伴的影响、性无知、无正确的是非观等心理问题是青少年犯罪的根本内因．为了有效预防青少年犯罪，社会各方面应该密切配合，认真做好对青少年的心理健康教育工作.     

浅谈农村青少年犯罪成因及治理策略

改革开放后,随着新的农村经济政策的出台,农村的生产力得到了极大的解放,造成大量的剩余劳动力,他们涌入城市和发达地区,寻求新的生活方式,由于贫富差别的对比,生活条件的低下,刺激了一些农村青少年产生了强烈的物质欲望,但是由于欲望的正当手段、能力、条件的欠缺,致使一部份人铤而走险,导致犯罪,近些年来农村青少年犯罪呈上升的趋势,为此探讨农村青少年犯罪成因及治理策略具有重要的现实意义。     

Learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency: A casual relationship?

The article re-examined Lane's (1980) conclusion that there is no clear learning disabilities/juvenile delinquency relationship, in light of the research published primarily since 1980. Reviewing prevalence data and hypotheses related to a learning disabilities/juvenile delinquency connection, the paper surveyed recent studies exploring similarities in characteristics between LD and JD youth, delinquent behaviors in both groups, and research related to remediation of learning disabilities and incidence of delinquent behavior.     

论学校在预防青少年不良行为中的作用

青少年不良行为关系到每一个青少年的切身利益,应该引起人们的高度重视。家庭、学校和社会要了解青少年不良行为的特点,要关心学习困难学生,注意学生同辈群体的影响等,努力从源头上减少青少年不良行为的产生。     

社区矫正：未成年人犯罪刑罚执行方式社会化探析

我国历来重视未成年人犯罪案件的处理,确立了教育、感化、挽救的方针,形成了区别于成年人犯罪的处置体制并取得了一定成效.然而现阶段我国对未成年人犯罪的主要矫治措施仍是将其集中在相对固定且封闭的场所进行管理,尚缺乏独立、协调、统一的教育矫正机制.社区矫正是预防未成年人犯罪行之有效的行刑社会化方式,充分体现了我国青少年犯罪再预防的刑事政策,符合对未成年犯行刑的非刑事化、非监禁化和轻刑化的国际刑罚执行的发展趋势.     

青少年犯罪的原因及预防探析

近年来，青少年犯罪现象随着社会的发展、变迁而日益严重。青少年违法犯罪率的逐年增加，无异是显示了学生犯罪的增加。青少年犯罪行为是一种表象，在表象背后的真象是包括多因素交互作用的复杂历程。本文将从心理发展的观点来探析，青少年违法犯罪其人格特质之所以有的异于常态，首先在家庭教育，然后在学校教育环境中逐渐发展形成的。     

“青少年犯罪”概念之解析

"青少年犯罪"这一概念在犯罪学中占有极为重要之地位,其抓住了青少年群体的特殊性,具有合理性与独有优势,而解析此概念是研究青少年犯罪现象的重要前提,具体而言,"青少年犯罪"中青少年的范围应在十四岁到二十五岁之间,犯罪一概念应当做广义理解,同时包括违法行为和严重违反道德的具有社会危害性的行为,刑法中明确规定的罪行只是其典型形态。     

新时期青少年教育与青少年犯罪预防

青少年是祖国的希望，他们的品质优劣关系国家前途和民族命运；而教育是其健康成长的重要保证，我们应充分发挥学校、家庭和社区在青少年教育中的作用。只有全社会都来关注青少年教育，为其创造一个良好的成长环境，才能预防和减少青少年违法犯罪。     

Reading failure and remediation

“If children are to become capable of realising their potential in later life, they must acquire the basic tools that a twentieth-century society demands. We have failed if a group of children leaves school without any real knowledge of how to understand and handle these tools. If a child leaves school unable to read or inhibited from reading because of continuous difficulties, he suffers a communication handicap which will sharply affect his choice of career, his earning capacity and his role as a member of a society whose daily bread is the printed word.”     

浅谈青少年犯罪的原因与防治

青少年犯罪的主要原因在于,对青少年教育的失误以及社会上不良因素的影响。加强对青少年的教育管理可通过以下途径：加强青少年理想与信念教育、革命传统教育,建立有效的教育管理机制,加大社会保障力度。     

浅析青少年犯罪的特点、成因及其预防

青少年的违法犯罪已经成了严重的社会问题。本文主要分析了青少年犯罪的主要特点及成因．并提出了预防青少年犯罪的对策。以期能对青少年的教育工作起到借鉴作用。     

我国未成年人犯罪记录封存法律问题分析

我国虽然已经开始建立未成年人犯罪记录封存制度,但是目前的制度实验仍然属于过渡性措施,未成年人犯罪记录封存制度仍然缺乏整体上的过渡性和试错性。具体来说,表现为判定封存的适用标准过于机械化,封存记录调取留有后门,程序性规定不够具体以及并未与其他法律规范形成良好的衔接。从法律制度的完善上讲,对未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的进一步完善和细化的过程,就必须恢复期作为实验性制度的广泛性、过渡性和试错性。     

青少年违法犯罪预防体系的构筑——从实证研究的角度

青少年违法犯罪具有犯罪主体文化程度低下,犯罪年龄日趋低龄化,团伙犯罪居多等特点。我国现阶段的基本矛盾是青少年犯罪的根本原因,不良社会现象及环境是重要客观原因;构建预防青少年犯罪体系是一项系统工程,以实施"家庭细胞"工程、"校园育苗"工程、"社会防护林工程"为主。     

Oppositional defiance,moral reasoning and moral value evaluation as predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency

This study investigated the relationships among oppositional defiant attitudes, moral reasoning, moral value evaluation and self-reported delinquent behaviour in adolescents (N = 351, M_AGE = 13.8 years, SD_AGE = 1.1). Of particular interest were the moderating effects of age, educational environment and gender on the relationship between moral reasoning and delinquency. The results indicate that oppositional defiance was a strong positive correlate of delinquent behaviour, particularly in late adolescence. Furthermore, moral reasoning was modestly and negatively related to delinquency, but only for males. No moderating effects for educational environment were observed. Moreover, moral value evaluation was uncorrelated with delinquent behaviour when controlling for other sociomoral processes. These findings invite further research on the relationship between attitudes and behaviour, with respect to causal links and practical applications within behavioural interventions.