论大学生压力源调查及压力管理对策

采用问卷法对芜湖市三所全日制本科高校大学生进行了压力源调查,采用相关分析与差异分析法对数据进行分析。结果发现不同性别及是否学生干部在总压力水平上有显著差异,学习压力、环境压力、身心压力、经济压力在不同性别上差异显著,学习压力是大学生面临的首要压力,家庭压力、自我认知压力、专业发展压力是大学生面临压力的重要组成部分。并提出了压力管理的相关对策。     

Academic leadership and university reform-guided management changes in Finland

This article uses resource-dependence theory to analyse how academic mid-level leaders in Finnish universities respond to their changing post-reform management environments. The 2010 university reform and subsequent university-specific management reforms have created new positions and roles for academic leaders. By identifying critical resources, academic leaders recognise essential uncertainties and dependencies and design actions to ensure the continuity of their units’ academic functions. Mid-level academic leaders perceive internal and external uncertainties requiring different actions, reflecting their dual status and role. They use their new powers and respect academic values, while promoting their new management roles and competitive behaviour in academic functions. Academic leaders are intra-organisationally influential resource-dependent players. From the viewpoint of university reform implementation, therefore, it is important to know what they emphasise in their leadership role.     

The impact of some demographic variables on academic leadership preparedness in Indian higher education

The current study investigated the impact of certain demographic variables on academic leadership preparedness. The sample comprised 372 academic leaders from various higher education institutions in India. Data were collected using online and postal surveys. Results indicate that leaders’ age, number of years’ leadership experience and academic disciplinary background are significantly related to their preparedness. Type of institution (private or government) of the leader, however, did not affect their preparedness. Leaders with a disciplinary background in natural sciences were found to be the least prepared in the group. Leaders with a disciplinary background in humanities and social sciences were found to be more prepared as compared to those with a disciplinary background in physical sciences. Understanding the predictors of academic leadership preparedness is necessary in order to strengthen leadership in higher education. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Barriers to and facilitators of female Deans’ career advancement in higher education: an exploratory study in Vietnam

Although the slow progress of female academics compared to their male colleagues and the challenges that female academic leaders have to face in taking leadership roles have been well-documented, very little is known about female academic leaders and managers’ career advancement in developing countries like Vietnam. This paper reports on an exploratory study of a research project funded by the Cambridge—Viet Nam Women Leadership Programme, which aims to advance an understanding of the status of, and identify strategies to empower, female academic managers in Vietnamese higher education. The focus of this paper is on university leaders and female Deans’ perceptions of the barriers to female academic Deanship and female Deans’ reflections on the facilitators for their career advancement. The study found that the main barriers are strong family obligations, negative gender stereotypes regarding females as leaders, and female academics’ unwillingness to take management positions. The major facilitators of female Deans’ career advancement are self-effort, strong family support, and, what is perceived to be, a favourable or ‘lucky’ selection context. The paper provides empirical evidence to support the view that family support is a crucial factor for female academic career advancement in Vietnam. Women are both an agent and an object of change in empowering female academic leadership.     

地方高校实行学科带头人制度探究

学科建设是高等学校建设的核心,为提升学科建设水平,实行学科带头人制度是地方高校学科建设的发展趋势.但是地方高校与中央直属高校相比,各种资源劣势明显.鉴于此,地方高校可采取在优势学科中先行试点,集中力量引进和培养高层次人才,积极争取学科建设经费,明确学科带头人的责权利和为其配备学科秘书等一系列措施推行学科带头人制度.     

Participant leadership in adult basic education: negotiating academic progress and leadership responsibilities

This article examines the conflicts and challenges that student leaders in adult basic education and literacy programs experience in balancing their leadership responsibilities with academic endeavours. Based upon a case study of an adult basic education student leadership council in New York City, the article shows that leadership activities can both support and impede academic progress. The mediating factors were time requirements for implementation of leadership activities and the perceived priorities of the participants, who used various strategies to manage their academic and leadership responsibilities. Council involvement also supported and changed their academic, vocational and personal aspirations. This study alerts adult educators to the ways in which leadership activities can complicate learners’ academic pursuits, the need both to respect student leaders’ choices and to provide guidance on balancing their multiple responsibilities, and the importance of cultivating literate capabilities through leadership activities.     

Equipping Leaders to Capitalise on the Outcomes of Quality Assessment in Higher Education

Has the quality movement in universities become so sophisticated that it has outpaced the capacity of academic leaders to respond? The authors of this paper argue that this has been their experience within the context of New Zealand universities. In response, the University of Otago has developed an innovative programme to provide academic and administrative leaders with an opportunity to enhance those skills and attributes needed to meet the challenges of change arising from audit and other reforms.     

高校学科带头人及其基本工作思路

高校的发展离不开学科建设。作为学术上的楷模和领军人物,学科带头人在学科建设中起关键性作用。为了实现自己的工作目标,高校学科带头人在学科方向、学科队伍建设、科学研究、学术交流、管理体制、人才培养等方面具有明确的工作思路。     

Relationship between sociometric types and academic achievement in a sample of compulsory secondary education students / Relación entre tipos sociométricos y rendimiento académico en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between sociometric types, behavioural categories and academic achievement in a sample of 1,349 compulsory secondary education students (51.7% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. The students’ sociometric identification was performed by using the Programa Socio and academic performance was measured by school marks provided by teachers in the subjects of Spanish language, mathematics and average academic performance. The results show that sociometric types were significant predictors of academic achievement, as students who were rated positively by their peers (popular, leaders, collaborators and good students) were more likely to have high academic achievement (in mathematics, Spanish language and average academic achievement) than students rated negatively by peers (rejected-aggressive, rejected-shy, neglected and bullies).     

Implementing Quality Management in the University: The Role of Leadership in Finnish Universities

This paper investigates how university leaders in Finland implement quality management in their respective institutions. The study uses a modified model of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model as a theoretical base in eliciting information on quality management strategies from the senior academic leaders in these universities. The main objective of the study is to explore the different management approaches in quality improvement in university management as perceived by the leaders. The study has made use of administration questionnaires and interviews as methods of data collection. Although the findings show many approaches to quality improvement in university management, one of the conclusions emerging from the study is that Finnish responses to their management styles may serve as inspiration for other universities especially with regard to quality control and leadership styles.     

Ready to Lead? A Look into Jewish Religious School Principal Leadership and Management Training

Although most Jewish supplementary religious school principals have graduated from various academic training programs, there are no data about how these programs sufficiently prepare educational leaders. This study examined the essential leadership and management skills of effective Jewish religious school leaders, and assessed their preparation to undertake the key challenges of this complex job. This study also investigated the principals’ perceptions about their training and whether they experienced a knowledge gap as school leaders. The respondents felt unprepared to conduct essential tasks—such as working with lay leaders, managing human resources, and planning budgets—after completing their training programs.     

Patterns of recruitment of academic leaders to Australian universities and implications for the future of higher education

This paper reports on research conducted to understand key factors impacting the recruitment and selection of senior academic leaders in Australian universities. A key finding emerging from this research was an increasing reliance on executive search firms when recruiting senior academic leaders. This reliance is driven by a range of factors including an ageing and contracting pool of potential academic leaders, growing competition domestically and internationally and the declining attractiveness of academia as a sustainable career in the context of increased casualisation of the academic workforce. Concurrently, workforce planning and succession planning have not been a high priority for many universities. As a result, Australian universities are finding it increasingly difficult to recruit senior academic leaders without the use of executive search firms. These findings have significant implications for the higher education sector in Australia and warrant further research.     

Offering prescriptions of leader– member exchanges towards developing academic talent in higher education

This paper examines leader–member exchange behaviour for the development of academic talent in higher education. Drawing from a sample of academic leaders at a large South African university, interviews conducted with the chairs of departments (CoDs) provide new insight on development practices and actions for follower development within a leader– member exchange relationship. The study reveals significant differences in the behaviours of CoDs with low LMX scores and those with high LMX scores in the task of developing academic staff. Suggestions for enhancing academic follower development within this relationship are also offered. This study provides academic leaders with a comprehensive and constructive perspective for developing academic talent in higher education.     

美国研究型大学本科教育改革中的突出问题及其观念性根源

美国研究型大学本科教育改革中普遍存在三个突出问题，即教师重研究轻教学倾向不改、改革措施明显偏重优秀学生、转校生的补偿教育被忽视。这三个问题的存在有着深厚的观念性根源，文章试从研究型大学教师和领导的学者学术观、职业价值观和教育发展观三方面予以透视。     

A Grounded Theory of Counselor Educators' Academic Leadership Development

Counselor educators are well‐equipped to serve as academic leaders, yet little is known about what factors influence their engagement experiences. This grounded theory provides a theoretical model of academic leadership engagement based on interviews with 20 counselor educators with academic leadership experience. Implications for facilitating academic leadership engagement are provided.     

IT相关专业毕业生工作价值观影响因素分析——以苏州某高校为例

为了解与IT行业相关专业应届毕业生的工作价值观及其影响因素,该研究采用宁维卫初步修订过的中文版《职业价值观量表》,对苏州某本科高校IT相关专业应届毕业生进行问卷调查,得出结论：一是,总体上来说,IT行业相关应届毕业生最为关注的工作价值观依次为人际关系、成就感、智力刺激;二是,男生比女生更为关注经济报酬和管理两个维度;三是,城乡因素对他们的工作价值观不产生任何影响;四是,学生干部比非学生干部更为关注工作的利他、成就感和管理三个维度;五是,学生党员比非学生党员更为关注工作中的成就感、管理和人际关系三个维度;六是,在校成绩差的学生相对其他学生群体对于社会地位和经济报酬的获得要求不高,成绩为中的学生群体较之优和差的学生群体更为关注工作的舒适性,成绩为良的学生群体较之差的学生群体也更加追求工作的舒适性。     

新时期高校领导干部的能力建设

新时期出现的新形势对高等教育提出了新的要求,而高校领导干部对高校的发展方向和水平起着决定作用,他们的能力直接影响到高校发展的程度。所以,对高校提出的新要求,在很大程度上说,就是对高校领导干部提出新的考验和挑战。从高校所涉及的活动来看,高校领导干部的能力建设包括治校能力、治学能力以及治人能力三个方面。     

Between dissonance and grace: the experience of post‐secondary leaders

This study explores what it means for academic leaders to work in post‐secondary institutional contexts. Four themes emerge: balancing daily dissonance; learning experientially to lead; creating learning spaces; and needing moments of grace. The research reveals that leaders seek deeper understandings of their work and their characterization.     

Understanding the emergence of females as leaders in academia: The intersections of gender stereotypes,status and emotion

Drawing on the expectation state theory, this paper seeks to analyse the social cognitive process of the impacts of gender stereotypes along with their culturally derived schemas of status belief, status characteristics and emotion at the early stage of women's endeavour to emerge as leaders in academia. Employing a convenience sampling and interviews held with five women academic participants from three public and private universities in the western region of Indonesia, this research reveals that two social cognitive practices affect women's endeavour to emerge as leaders; (1) the incongruities of cultural and cognitive expected status belief and status characteristics about females with the expected performance of leadership. The pervasive effect of these can be mitigated when women adopt a strategy of neglection, coupled with a strategy of networking both via their own networks and their husband's networks; (2) the incongruities of cultural and cognitive expected ways of emotional expression on women with the expected performance of leadership. This impacts the status conferral that shapes the worthiness of females to emerge as leaders, leading female leaders in our study to build a protective shield of emotion display to keep them perceived as worthy individuals for leadership roles.