Compliance and Comprehension in Very Young Toddlers

We studied the relation of compliance with comprehension in 30 toddlers, 10 each at 12–13, 14–16, and 17–18 months of age. Requests, using preselected words, were made to children in the context of a naturalistic and pleasant play situation in a quasilaboratory setting. Detailed coding systems were used to define comprehension, compliance, and patterns of compliance-comprehension, noncompliance-comprehension, compliance-noncomprehension, and noncompliance-noncomprehension at each age period. Findings indicated significant shifts in the categories of compliance-comprehension and noncompliance-noncomprehension across the 3 ages, with the most striking change occurring between 14–16 and 17–18 months. Implications of the data are discussed.     

现代汉语“名词+名词”歧义格式及其理解因素

现代汉语中"名词+名词"结构是一个具有潜在歧义的抽象格式,从歧义产生的原因上看,该歧义格式有词汇歧义、语法组合歧义和语义组合歧义三类,该歧义结构的意义优先理解与名词的依附性、名词的语义特征、常规语义组配、词序、象似性、使用频率和背景知识等因素有关。     

在线资料在英语听力教学中的应用

在英语听力教学当中,传统的听力教学模式应当与新兴的网络技术相结合,听力资料也应当相应地数字化,网络化,信息化,从而帮助教师实现课堂的课下延伸,保证听力资料的及时性。     

Metacognitive Strategy Use in English Reading Comprehension

Metacogonitive strategies are in connection with the reading process. It is essential for language learners to master a series of metacogonitive strategies. Teachers should conduct metacognitive training among students. Thus, students are sure to improve their reading proficiency with some metacognitive knowledge during the reading process.     

Metacognitive Strategy Use in English Reading Comprehension

Metacogonitive strategies are in connection with the reading process. It is essential for language learners to master a se?ries of metacogonitive strategies. Teachers should conduct metacognitive train...     

Reading‐Specific Flexibility Moderates the Relation Between Reading Strategy Use and Reading Comprehension During the Elementary Years

The goal was to test whether cognitive flexibility moderates the relation between reading strategy use and reading comprehension during the elementary years. Seventy‐five second‐ through fifth‐grade students completed a think aloud task and a metacognitive questionnaire to measure reading strategies, two card‐sorting tasks to measure general and reading‐specific cognitive flexibility, and one standardized measure of reading comprehension, as well as measures of oral reading fluency and vocabulary. As expected, oral reading fluency and vocabulary predicted reading comprehension, as did reading‐specific flexibility. Importantly, reading‐specific flexibility had a significant moderating effect, over and above the other effects. Specifically, weak reading‐specific flexibility skills were associated with a negative relation between reading strategy use during think aloud and reading comprehension, suggesting that children with weak flexibility skills are less adept at using reading strategies effectively.     

外延语义中的限定词、修饰语探析

文章就形式语义学外延语义中的两个问题:限定词和修饰语作简要的分析探讨,认为限定词和修饰语都是用以说明和限制主谓关系及意义的。由此,可以看出,尽管形式语义学在解释语言结构方面有其独到之处,但离意义的全部内容还相距甚远。     

Integrating Mathematical Learning During Caregiving Routines: A Study of Toddlers in Swedish Preschools

In recent years the interest in preschool mathematics has increased. However, studies seldom focus on children under the age of three and research is scarce on the early use of mathematics observed in natural settings. This article reports a study of mathematical possibilities during diaper changing in a preschool setting. A diaper change can be a communicative moment when the child can experience mathematics with a professional preschool teacher, but it can also be a moment of mechanical routine with no pedagogical context. The intention of the study presented here was to investigate the mathematical potential preschool teachers described in relation to diaper changing and to examine the ways this potential was put into action. Both similarities and differences emerged regarding the mathematical potential preschool teachers described in relation to diaper changing and the mathematical content that they were observed to communicate. The results show that it is possible to communicate mathematical content in a pedagogical way during diaper changes, making this routine a learning opportunity for children. However, the results also show variations in the observed range and context of such communication, and therefore the potential for mathematical learning during diaper changes seems to differ widely.     

Genetic and Environmental Links Between Natural Language Use and Cognitive Ability in Toddlers

Although the phenotypic correlation between language and nonverbal cognitive ability is well‐documented, studies examining the etiology of the covariance between these abilities are scant, particularly in very young children. The goal of this study was to address this gap in the literature by examining the genetic and environmental links between language use, assessed through conversational language samples, and nonverbal cognition in a sample of 3‐year‐old twins (N = 281 pairs). Significant genetic and nonshared environmental influences were found for nonverbal cognitive ability and language measures, including mean length of utterance and number of different words, as well as significant genetic covariance between cognitive ability and both language measures.     

英语阅读教学中元认知策略的运用

1999年修订的教学大纲对大学英语阅读教学目标提出了更高的要求,如何提高阅读理解能力是大学英语教学中的一个难点和重点。本文认为在阅读过程中自觉地运用元认知策略能促进阅读理解水平,并提出帮助学生提高阅读理解水平的具体做法。     

新冠肺炎防控期高校图书馆利用AI开展线上服务探究

新冠肺炎（COVID-19）防控期间,高校图书馆利用最新的技术手段开展线上服务势在必行。采用文献分析与实证研究等方法,分析高校图书馆以新媒体、VPN、文献传递等方式进行线上服务的弊端,并探讨在新冠肺炎防控期间,高校图书馆利用AI技术开展智能咨询、智能推送、知识库及阅读增强等线上服务的方式。实践结果表明,利用AI技术可有效解决疫情防控期间各种文献资源难以获取的问题,提升了文献服务质量与效率。     

图式理论在英语听力教学中的运用与实践

英语听力课程具有多种感官同时参与学习过程、接受信息、理解知识的特点,图式理论可以在英语听力教学中发挥重要作用,帮助学生在听力过程中选择注意和记忆重要信息.因此教师必须在教学过程中利用图式理论帮助学生积累图式,激活和调用图式,以期真正提高学生的英语听说能力.     

Determining the Overall Impact of Interruptions During Online Testing

With an increase in the number of online tests, interruptions during testing due to unexpected technical issues seem unavoidable. For example, interruptions occurred during several recent state tests. When interruptions occur, it is important to determine the extent of their impact on the examinees’ scores. There is a lack of research on this topic due to the novelty of the problem. This article is an attempt to fill that void. Several methods, primarily based on propensity score matching, linear regression, and item response theory, were suggested to determine the overall impact of the interruptions on the examinees’ scores. A realistic simulation study shows that the suggested methods have satisfactory Type I error rate and power. Then the methods were applied to data from the Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress‐Plus (ISTEP+) test that experienced interruptions in 2013. The results indicate that the interruptions did not have a significant overall impact on the student scores for the ISTEP+ test.     

略论连接词as well as 的理解、翻译和用法

as well as 是英语中常用的一个连接词.在理解、翻译和用法上有一些值得注意的地方.本文试提出来与同行共同商讨.     

电化学中离子迁移数定义的理解与计算公式的导出

采用几种不同的方式来表述离子迁移数的定义 ,然后导出相应的数学公式并找出它们之间的联系与等同性     

Inference Use by Chinese College Learners in L2 Text Comprehension

Schema theory is an influential approach to text comprehension, which can account for inferring process in L2 text reading. According to the schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader's prior knowledge(top-down processing) and the text(bottom-up processing). Both top-down and bottom-up processing are necessary for the inferring in reading comprehension. This paper explores how good and poor Chinese learners adopts top-down processing and bottom-up processing to make inferences in L2 reading, and finds some differences and similarities in using textual materials and background knowledge to make inferences in L2 reading by good and poor Chinese EFL learners respectively.     

集合名词中的人名研究

汉语人名研究由来已久,也取得了一定的成果。但汉语人名研究存在较大的局限,研究的领域比较狭隘,几十年来缺乏对"集合人名"的关注。鉴于此,以当代港、澳、台及内地歌手组合(包括乐团或乐队)的名字为对象,从文学、语义学、语音学和语法学等角度,分析集合人名的文学意义、结构特征和社会价值,以期能为今后对集合人名的研究起抛砖引玉的作用。     

计算机网络在大学口译教学中的作用

大学口译教学在近几十年来获得飞速发展,但仍存在一些不足。现代信息技术的发展和网络的普及．给大学口译教学提供了新的契机。网络资源内容丰富,种类繁多,使用便捷,可以给口译教师和学生提供有效的辅助,弥补教材、课时等方面的不足。从而有效促进高校英语口译教学,提高口译人才培养的质量。