Computational Thinking Integration Patterns Along the Framework Defining Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective

Journal of Science Education and Technology - This paper describes analyses of the K–12 computational thinking (CT) integration activities collected at two NSF-funded workshops,...     

计算思维培养之路还有多远? ——基于计算思维测评视角

随着人工智能时代人才竞争的加剧,K-12阶段计算思维的培养成为重要的抓手。其中,通过测评准确把握现阶段K-12实践开展情况可推动计算思维培养更具针对性。本文先从理论层面建构了包含培养内容、教学方式和测评方法三个维度的K-12计算思维培养框架;然后采用元分析法和内容分析法分析41个测评实践案例,揭示和讨论计算思维培养理论与实践之间的差距,展示未来可行的研究空间。分析结果表明,计算概念、计算实践、计算观念等计算思维培养内容在实践中都有体现,编程教学、跨学科课堂和独立学科三类教学形式也有一定的实践基础,题目测试法、编程测试法、作品分析法、调查法、图文分析法和观察访谈法等六种测评方式得到了使用和发展;但实践中仍存在培养内容不全面、教学形式相对单一以及多元评价意识不足等问题。文章最后提出全面掌握计算思维内容体系,关注空白研究维度,增加对非认知层面的关注,注重指标间的内部关联;尝试计算科学和编程教育范畴外的课程载体,增强个体发展的比重;研究各种测评方法的综合应用,加强对形成性评价的关注,以全面展现计算思维的发展。     

Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms

Science and mathematics are becoming computational endeavors. This fact is reflected in the recently released Next Generation Science Standards and the decision to include “computational thinking” as a core scientific practice. With this addition, and the increased presence of computation in mathematics and scientific contexts, a new urgency has come to the challenge of defining computational thinking and providing a theoretical grounding for what form it should take in school science and mathematics classrooms. This paper presents a response to this challenge by proposing a definition of computational thinking for mathematics and science in the form of a taxonomy consisting of four main categories: data practices, modeling and simulation practices, computational problem solving practices, and systems thinking practices. In formulating this taxonomy, we draw on the existing computational thinking literature, interviews with mathematicians and scientists, and exemplary computational thinking instructional materials. This work was undertaken as part of a larger effort to infuse computational thinking into high school science and mathematics curricular materials. In this paper, we argue for the approach of embedding computational thinking in mathematics and science contexts, present the taxonomy, and discuss how we envision the taxonomy being used to bring current educational efforts in line with the increasingly computational nature of modern science and mathematics.     

Bioinformatics Education in High School: Implications for Promoting Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics Careers

We investigated the effects of our Bio-ITEST teacher professional development model and bioinformatics curricula on cognitive traits (awareness, engagement, self-efficacy, and relevance) in high school teachers and students that are known to accompany a developing interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. The program included best practices in adult education and diverse resources to empower teachers to integrate STEM career information into their classrooms. The introductory unit, Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Testing, uses bioinformatics to teach basic concepts in genetics and molecular biology, and the advanced unit, Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Research, utilizes bioinformatics to study evolution and support student research with DNA barcoding. Pre–post surveys demonstrated significant growth (n = 24) among teachers in their preparation to teach the curricula and infuse career awareness into their classes, and these gains were sustained through the end of the academic year. Introductory unit students (n = 289) showed significant gains in awareness, relevance, and self-efficacy. While these students did not show significant gains in engagement, advanced unit students (n = 41) showed gains in all four cognitive areas. Lessons learned during Bio-ITEST are explored in the context of recommendations for other programs that wish to increase student interest in STEM careers.     

文理交融 打造“数学文化”特色课程

数学果真只是一个科学工具吗?作为传道、授业、解惑的教师,果真只能将数学作为科学工具来进行教学育人吗?从高校数学工作者的实践中得出的答案是否定的.     

美国新版K-12科学教育框架对我国基础教育阶段科学教育的启示

新版K-12科学教育框架的出台表明美国拉开了新一轮科学教育改革的序幕。美国新版K-12科学教育框架主要特点:聚焦于核心概念的科学教学、工程与科学相提并论、知行合一的"实践"和整体化设计。结合我国当前基础教育阶段科学教学存在的问题,阐释了我们应该从美国新版K-12科学教育框架借鉴的教学改革理念与做法。     

Teacher Change Following a Professional Development Experience in Integrating Computational Thinking into Elementary Science

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Computer science and computer science education are marked by gender and racial disparities. To increase the number and diversity of students engaging...     

Integrating Technology in Physical Education Teacher Education: A Socialization Perspective

ABSTRACT

Physical education teacher education (PETE) programs are encouraged to develop teachers capable of delivering technology integrated learning experiences. Technological pedagogical content knowledge provides a framework for integrating technology into teacher education programs. Occupational socialization theory describes an educator’s recruitment, training, and socialization in the teaching profession. The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual framework for helping preservice physical educators develop technological pedagogical content knowledge that is grounded in occupational socialization theory. We specifically recommend a four-phase approach to help preservice teachers (a) build their knowledge and learn to value technology in physical education, (b) observe and explore through instructor modeling and integration, (c) experiment and collaborate with mentoring and scaffolding, and (d) discover through innovation and utilization. These suggestions acknowledge the sociopolitical aspects of learning to teach with technology and implications are discussed along with the need to help preservice teachers transfer technology integration into their professional careers.     

国际视野下的技术教育范式重建——让“硬技术”与“软技术”在技术教育中融合

近年来,技术教育在世界范围内得到广泛发展的同时,对技术本质的认识也一直缠绕着技术教育领域。技术具有丰富的内涵,它是"硬技术"和"软技术"的统一。以往的技术教育对于"软技术"的忽视是技术教育最大的不足,完整的技术教育应该是有效整合"软技术"和"硬技术"的教育。     

近十年我国研究美国数学基础教育的特征分析

近十年来,我国研究者对美国数学基础教育的研究主要集中在课程标准、教材、教学、教育评价、教育技术、教育研究方法、考试介绍与竞赛题介绍等方面.在“美国数学基础教育”这一研究主题上,研究者主要集中在大学,说明在这一主题上缺乏持续的关注者,缺少集中的研究力量,大学与中学的研究者在关注点上具有重大差异.     

Analysis of Engineering Elements of K-12 Science Standards in Seven Countries Engaged in STEM Education Reform

Science & Education - The purpose of this study was to analyze the K-12 science standards of seven countries that have improved their engineering practices noticeably by integrating engineering...     

工程实践融入基础科学教育:内涵、目标与路径

当前在全球范围内对工程类人才的需求巨大,在STEM整合教育思路的引领下,工程实践融入基础科学教育备受关注。通过探讨科学教育、工程教育的特征和关系,阐明工程实践融入基础科学教育的内涵、培养目标,并具体提出了通过科学探究与工程设计整合为突破口的主要模式,为探索我国基础工程教育提供参考。     

Mathematics and Virtual Culture: an Evolutionary Perspective on Technology and Mathematics Education

This paper suggests that from a cognitive-evolutionary perspective, computational media are qualitatively different from many of the technologies that have promised educational change in the past and failed to deliver. Recent theories of human cognitive evolution suggest that human cognition has evolved through four distinct stages: episodic, mimetic, mythic, and theoretical. This progression was driven by three cognitive advances: the ability to ‘represent’ events, the development of symbolic reference, and the creation of external symbolic representations. In this paper, we suggest that we are developing a new cognitive culture: a ‘virtual’ culture dependent on the externalization of symbolic processing. We suggest here that the ability to externalize the manipulation of formal systems changes the very nature of cognitive activity. These changes will have important consequences for mathematics education in coming decades. In particular, we argue that mathematics education in a virtual culture should strive to give students generative fluency to learn varieties of representational systems, provide opportunities to create and modify representational forms, develop skill in making and exploring virtual environments, and emphasize mathematics as a fundamental way of making sense of the world, reserving most exact computation and formal proof for those who will need those specialized skills. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美国K-12阶段技术教育发展趋势与启示

美国是技术和技术教育发达的国家.进入21世纪,为应对新的社会、经济问题,技术教育出现了新的发展趋势:把技术教育培养目标转向培养学生的技术素养,建构具有技术素养的社会;把工程学及工程设计内容整合进K-12技术教育课程框架,形成多种整合的技术和工程教育课程,如“准工程学”课程模式和“项目引路”课程模式以及“以问题为基础”的教学方法的采用等.我国基础教育阶段的技术教育发展与改革可从中获取颇多启示.     

A Curriculum Innovation Framework for Science, Technology and Mathematics Education

There is growing concern about falling levels of student engagement with school science, as evidenced by studies of student attitudes, and decreasing participation at the post compulsory level. One major response to this, the Australian School Innovation in Science, Technology and Mathematics (ASISTM) initiative, involves partnerships between schools and community and industry organisations in developing curriculum projects at the local level. This project fulfils many of the conditions advocated to engage students in learning in the sciences. ASISTM is underpinned by the notion of innovation. This paper describes the findings of case study research in which 16 ASISTM projects were selected as innovation exemplars. A definition of innovation and an innovation framework were developed, through which the case studies were analysed to make sense of the significance of the ideas and practices, participating actors, and outcomes of the projects. Through this analysis we argue that innovation is a powerful idea for framing curriculum development in the sciences at the local level that is generative for students and teachers, and that these ASISTM projects provide valuable models for engaging students, and for teacher professional learning.     

从计算思维视角看通识教育中程序设计类课程的选择

大学通识教育中程序设计课程的设置要适应计算机技术的发展的不同阶段。随着计算机技术发展,青岛大学目前的通识教育程序设计课程设置已经不能完全适应新工科背景下的应用需求。本文从培养计算思维的视角,提出Python语言是通识教育中最合适的计算机入门以及进阶编程语言的观点,并提出了将Python语言作为入门级课程的可行的教学方案。     

文化自觉视野下高等工程教育的思考

本文从工科学生提升文化素养的内在需要、高等教育"化人"的最终目的、社会主义文化建设的思想保证等三个方面分析文化自觉的重要性,从着重培养自主能力、努力营造校园氛围等两个层面提出了引领工科学生走向文化自觉的路径。     

关于加强理工科大学生人文素质教育的思考

加强理工科大学生的人文素质教育是当前高等教育改革、发展中所面临和要探索的一个重要课题。在探索和实施理工科大学生的人文素质教育的过程中，应强调“以人为本”，提高教师队伍的整体素质；要从理工科专业教育与人文素质教育、教育实践活动与人文素质教育以及具体的做法等方面进行深入探讨。