基于计算思维的折扣分析

使用计算思维的方法对商品折扣问题进行抽象、约简和分类,经过数学分析和建模,通过表格、图形分析对比得出折扣规律,最后通过编程仿真实现自动化分析,让消费者便于了解商品的各种促销活动的折扣本质,也便于商家选择合适的促销方式．     

Understanding Biological Evolution Through Computational Thinking

Science & Education - Computational thinking is a contemporary science and engineering practice that has been introduced to the US science classrooms due to its emphasis in the Next Generation...     

Computational Thinking,Between Papert and Wing

The pervasiveness of Computer Science (CS) in today’s digital society and the extensive use of computational methods in other sciences call for its introduction in the school curriculum. Hence, Computer Science Education is becoming more and more relevant. In CS K-12 education, computational thinking (CT) is one of the abused buzzwords: different stakeholders (media, educators, politicians) give it different meanings, some more oriented to CS, others more linked to its interdisciplinary value. The expression was introduced by two leading researchers, Jeannette Wing (in 2006) and Seymour Papert (much early, in 1980), each of them stressing different aspects of a common theme. This paper will use a historical approach to review, discuss, and put in context these first two educational and epistemological approaches to CT. We will relate them to today’s context and evaluate what aspects are still relevant for CS K-12 education. Of the two, particular interest is devoted to “Papert’s CT,” which is the lesser-known and the lesser-studied. We will conclude that “Wing’s CT” and “Papert’s CT,” when correctly understood, are both relevant to today’s computer science education. From Wing, we should retain computer science’s centrality, CT being the (scientific and cultural) substratum of the technical competencies. Under this interpretation, CT is a lens and a set of categories for understanding the algorithmic fabric of today’s world. From Papert, we should retain the constructionist idea that only a social and affective involvement of students into the technical content will make programming an interdisciplinary tool for learning (also) other disciplines. We will also discuss the often quoted (and often unverified) claim that CT automatically “transfers” to other broad 21st century skills. Our analysis will be relevant for educators and scholars to recognize and avoid misconceptions and build on the two core roots of CT.

     

Thinking Thru Making: Mapping Computational Thinking Practices onto Scientific Reasoning

Journal of Science Education and Technology - This paper shares findings from a teacher designed physics and computing unit that engaged students in learning physics and computing concurrently thru...     

计算思维培养之路还有多远? ——基于计算思维测评视角

随着人工智能时代人才竞争的加剧,K-12阶段计算思维的培养成为重要的抓手。其中,通过测评准确把握现阶段K-12实践开展情况可推动计算思维培养更具针对性。本文先从理论层面建构了包含培养内容、教学方式和测评方法三个维度的K-12计算思维培养框架;然后采用元分析法和内容分析法分析41个测评实践案例,揭示和讨论计算思维培养理论与实践之间的差距,展示未来可行的研究空间。分析结果表明,计算概念、计算实践、计算观念等计算思维培养内容在实践中都有体现,编程教学、跨学科课堂和独立学科三类教学形式也有一定的实践基础,题目测试法、编程测试法、作品分析法、调查法、图文分析法和观察访谈法等六种测评方式得到了使用和发展;但实践中仍存在培养内容不全面、教学形式相对单一以及多元评价意识不足等问题。文章最后提出全面掌握计算思维内容体系,关注空白研究维度,增加对非认知层面的关注,注重指标间的内部关联;尝试计算科学和编程教育范畴外的课程载体,增强个体发展的比重;研究各种测评方法的综合应用,加强对形成性评价的关注,以全面展现计算思维的发展。     

Contextual Factors Influencing Access to Teaching Computational Thinking

This study attempts to determine whether teachers' access to computational thinking (CT) and CT technologies varies by rurality (rural versus urban) of the school county and grade level taught (primary versus secondary). A total of 81 teachers from West Virginia, Georgia, and Oklahoma participated in this survey study. Overall, teachers found CT and CT tools useful and relevant to their teaching and had access to an essential level of technology in schools supporting computational thinking. However, teachers' CT skills and their teaching of CT were limited and varied depending on rurality and grade level. For instance, primary school teachers in rural settings reported significantly lower levels of CT skills than those in urban settings. Findings and implications are discussed.     

Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms

Science and mathematics are becoming computational endeavors. This fact is reflected in the recently released Next Generation Science Standards and the decision to include “computational thinking” as a core scientific practice. With this addition, and the increased presence of computation in mathematics and scientific contexts, a new urgency has come to the challenge of defining computational thinking and providing a theoretical grounding for what form it should take in school science and mathematics classrooms. This paper presents a response to this challenge by proposing a definition of computational thinking for mathematics and science in the form of a taxonomy consisting of four main categories: data practices, modeling and simulation practices, computational problem solving practices, and systems thinking practices. In formulating this taxonomy, we draw on the existing computational thinking literature, interviews with mathematicians and scientists, and exemplary computational thinking instructional materials. This work was undertaken as part of a larger effort to infuse computational thinking into high school science and mathematics curricular materials. In this paper, we argue for the approach of embedding computational thinking in mathematics and science contexts, present the taxonomy, and discuss how we envision the taxonomy being used to bring current educational efforts in line with the increasingly computational nature of modern science and mathematics.     

计算思维在离散数学中的应用

计算思维是一种分析思想,是一种重要的教育思想,近年来越来越受到国内外教育专家和学者的高度重视.而离散数学是计算机专业的一门必修课程,在该课程内容中蕴含了大量的抽象思维,在培养学生的逻辑思维能力和综合素质等方面起到重要作用.通过分析计算思维与离散数学之间的内在关系,从实践教学的角度,利用基础性和综合性实验,着重培养学生如何将抽象和自动实现这两个计算思维核心思想贯穿于整个学习过程中.     

基于思维视角的计算思维综合解读

计算思维兼具计算和思维的特质,使得它成为信息社会中人们所应具备的一种基本能力。文章基于思维的视角,围绕计算思维的概念、本质、基础、工具、特性等五个方面对计算思维进行了综合解读,并探讨了培养计算思维的价值和意义。通过综合解读基于思维视角的计算思维,文章厘清了计算思维的基本内涵,可为计算思维的深入研究和计算思维教育的全面开展提供参考。     

让计算思维为智能时代的教育赋能--ISTE《计算思维能力标准(教育者)》解读及启示

国际教育技术学会(ISTE)于2018年发布了《计算思维能力标准(教育者)》,这是国际范围内首个以计算思维命名的标准文本,对指引智能时代的计算思维教学具有里程碑意义。《计算思维能力标准(教育者)》旨在为智能时代的教学变革提供路线图,分别从智能时代计算思维教育者的五种身份——计算思维学习者、教育公平的领导者、围绕计算的协作者、创新者与设计者、计算思维与课堂教学融合的促进者入手,围绕计算思维、公平的领导者、围绕计算的协作、创新与设计及融合计算思维,界定了教育者应具备的计算思维能力。该《标准》的启示在于:就教师专业发展而言,要明确计算思维教育者的多重身份,履行相应职能;构建教育者计算思维能力发展框架——CTPACK,在学科教学中有效落实计算思维;以计算思维为牵引,带动数据素养与人工智能素养的共同提升。就学科建设而言,在信息技术学科中有效落实计算思维,促进计算思维与学科教学的深度融合,加深跨学科活动设计,从而推进学科间的协同发展。     

Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics Education

This article provides an introduction for the special issue of the Journal of Science Education and Technology focused on computational thinking (CT) from a disciplinary perspective. The special issue connects earlier research on what K-12 students can learn and be able to do using CT with the CT skills and habits of mind needed to productively participate in professional CT-integrated STEM fields. In this context, the phrase “disciplinary perspective” simultaneously holds two meanings: it refers to and aims to make connections between established K-12 STEM subject areas (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and newer CT-integrated disciplines such as computational sciences. The special issue presents a framework for CT integration and includes articles that illuminate what CT looks like from a disciplinary perspective, the challenges inherent in integrating CT into K-12 STEM education, and new ways of measuring CT aligned more closely with disciplinary practices. The aim of this special issue is to offer research-based and practitioner-grounded insights into recent work in CT integration and provoke new ways of thinking about CT integration from researchers, practitioners, and research-practitioner partnerships.

     

从计算科学的历史演变揭示计算思维的形成和发展

通过对国内国际计算工具(机器)历史演进的考察,分析了计算思维的形成和发展过程,并强调了计算思维能力在当代信息社会的重要性.     

计算思维评价的新途径:微认证

随着K-12教育计算思维培养的不断推进,计算思维评价的重要地位日渐凸显。鉴于计算思维由复合思维和能力构成,本研究提出以能力为导向的微认证。该方式不同于当前大多数研究采用的统合视角的评价方式,对计算思维的各构成要素分别评价和认证。本研究基于对计算思维概念的要素分解和专家认证,将计算思维从认知和操作层面以及非认知层面分解为问题识别与分解、抽象建模、算法设计、自动化、问题迁移能力以及计算观念六个子能力;讨论各子能力在K-12阶段的发展水平及适合的测评方式;展示计算思维微认证的实现过程,探讨正式与非正式学习情境下实施的差异。研究最后以41名6-8年级学生参与的教学实践为例,验证将微认证引入计算思维评价的可行性。研究结果表明,微认证作为计算思维评价的新途径,得到了师生认可,不仅能有效呈现学生计算思维层面的发展,还能激发学生参与学习和测评的积极性,实现以评促学;同时微认证存在过程性任务数据难以收集以及部分数据缺失下结果认证合理性等问题。     

Practicing Formative Assessment for Computational Thinking in Making Environments

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Making activities and environments have been shown to foster the development of computational thinking (CT) skills for students in science, technology,...     

高中信息技术课程教学中计算思维的培养

计算思维是未来社会每个人应该具有的基本能为之一,因此,如何在高中信息技术课堂中培养学生的计算思维能力就显得尤为重要。文章从高中信息技术课程开展现状出发,对高中信息技术课堂中如何培养计算思维的几个方面展开了分析。     

基于计算思维的任务驱动式教学模式的研究

计算思维是当前国际计算机界广为关注的一个重要概念,也是当前计算机教育需要重点研究的重要课题。文章首先结合任务驱动式教学和教学模式的特点构建了基于计算思维的任务驱动式教学模型(Task-Driven Teaching Model Based on Computational Thinking,简称TDTMCT)。TDTMCT模型将教学者和学习者之间通过任务连接起来,教学过程以任务为主线,教学者主导,学习者主体。整个过程教学者运用计算思维方法准备课程,设计任务,学习者根据教学者的引导,运用计算思维方法完成教学任务。最后运用实例验证了该模型的可行性和高效性。与传统的教学模式相比较,基于计算思维的任务驱动式教学模式在培养学习者自我建构知识以及创新思维能力方面有较大的进步,不仅可以提高学习效率,而且可以培养学习者的计算思维能力。     

基于计算思维的探究教学模式研究

计算思维足当前国际计算机界广为关注的一个重要概念,也是当前计算机教育需要重点研究的重要课题.本文首先将探究教学模式形式化;然后结合探究教学模式的特点构建了基于计算思维的探究教学模型,将教学分成教师活动、学生活动以及教学过程三个部分,教师和学生之间通过一系列的基于计算思维的探究性教学活动连接起来;最后运用实例验证了该模型的可行性和高效性.与传统的教学模式相比,基于计算思维的探究教学模式更有助于培养学生思维.     

基于计算思维的C程序设计公共基础课程

计算思维能力培养是高校计算机教育的重要任务。本文针对高校程序设计课程传统教学模式的问题,提出基于计算思维的C程序设计公共基础课程教学改革方案,对教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等方面的改革进行了探讨。