为增进学生思维而对话:课堂教学的终极追求

为增进学生的思维而对话,应成为课堂教学的终极追求。教育哲学、语言学、心理学和教育学等多个理论视角,共同诠释了对话是课堂学习之本质、增进深层次思维是课堂对话之根本这两个重要命题。要改进当前课堂教学对话中的问题,重在关注学生思维,倡导教师主控型对话走向师生互动型对话、封闭式对话走向开放式对话,创设自由宽松的课堂对话环境,提供对话策略指导师生学会对话。     

The use of motivation theory in engineering education research: a systematic review of literature

Motivation is frequently studied in the context of engineering education. However, the use of the term motivation can be inconsistent, both in how clearly it is defined and in how it is implemented in research designs and practice. This systematic literature review investigates the use of motivation across recent engineering education publications. Results show that the majority of engineering education publications referencing motivation as a concept do not provide a clear definition for the term, nor do they draw upon the existing body of literature surrounding motivation. Within the publications that do draw upon motivation literature, we found that a small number of frameworks were most prominent. We believe that both of these factors potentially inhibit the understanding of motivation in engineering education. Therefore, we provide a number of suggestions for how researchers and practitioners can work to rectify these trends.     

Scientific strengths and reported effectiveness: a systematic review of multiliteracies studies

This systematic review is built on the seminal work by the New London Group in 1996. Few endeavours have synthesized findings of empirical studies pertaining to the effects and challenges of multiliteracies practices in various schooling and geographical contexts. Through a five-point Likert scale and a deductive and inductive thematic analysis, we conducted a systematic review of 66 multiliteracies articles from the ProQuest® database. These studies were empirical, qualitative/mixed-method, and ranged from 2006 to 2015. Findings show a burgeoning number of multiliteracies studies occurring in 15 countries, with Canada being the most prominently involved. Our evaluation of the reviewed studies was generally favourable with strengths identified in researchers’ articulation of pertinent theoretical frameworks and connections to existent literature. Our findings refer to insufficient information of data collection and data analysis in a certain number of papers. We also elaborate on major affordances, challenges, and oversights of the multiliteracies practices as reported by the reviewed studies and discuss implications for future multiliteracies research, policies on literacy education, and teacher education in diverse contexts.     

What pedagogical approaches can effectively include children with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms? A systematic literature review

This article reports on a three‐year systematic literature review funded by the UK Training and Development Agency for Schools. In order to begin to answer the question posed by the title of this article, the researchers systematically reviewed the literature with reported outcomes for the academic and social inclusion of pupils with special educational needs. This review process led to a focus upon peer‐group interactions, the nature of teacher and pupil interactions and whole‐class, subject‐based pedagogies. This series of reviews highlights that within the complexities of a diverse mainstream classroom teachers' effectiveness is strongly influenced by their recognition of their responsibility for all learners and the centrality of social interaction to learning, as well as having a shared understanding of characteristics, skills and knowledge associated with a subject. It is also strongly influenced by a facility to plan for and to encourage participation in a communal learning experience through flexible groupings and roles, offering diverse opportunities to engage with concepts and practices using activities the learner finds meaningful. Effective practices are not about the teacher alone, but are rooted in the community of learners – including other practitioners – with whom they work.     

Quality of WIL assessment design in higher education: a systematic literature review

We investigated the quality of work-integrated learning (WIL) assessment design in higher education programmes, through review of peer-reviewed studies published internationally and in English, 1990–2015. Such a review is timely in light of vested interests from a range of WIL stakeholders; high-level endorsement of WIL across university programmes; a regulatory environment requiring development and assurance of higher-order learning outcomes; and a WIL assessment literature that identifies a number of challenges and opportunities. We searched six electronic databases, yielding 20 intervention studies that met inclusion criteria. Findings reveal high-quality assessment design, albeit a need for greater involvement of industry/professional partners in assessment practices and stronger alignment between reflective assessment tasks and students' WIL experiences. The evidence base under review largely comprised qualitative and mixed methods studies, with the indication that the quality of the study design had improved over time, although variably across disciplinary fields. The key recommendation from this review is that resources are needed to support research-active WIL academics, partners and students to: (a) design and participate in assessment practices, which promote integration of student learning, across university and work settings, and achievement of higher-order learning outcomes and (b) pursue a collaborative research agenda involving robust evaluation research, inclusive of quantitative studies.     

"学习型课堂":文学课教学改革的有益尝试

学习型课堂教学是以“学习型组织”理论为基础，以系统思考、团队学习、互动对话为基本特征的开放式、探究式的教学活动，它不仅符合我国教学改革的实际，使高校学课程教学与新的九年制义务教育《语课程标准》有效地衔接，焕发出学课程“人本主义”教学观的勃勃生机，而且能够促使师生破除封闭式的心智模式、构建未来学习型社会所需要的“自我发展”意识。     

论对话教学视野中的课堂提问

对话教学是将对话作为教学的表征和载体的一种教学活动，提问是课堂教学中启动对话的基本方式。本文从分析课堂提问在非对话状态下存在的种种问题入手，阐述了对话精神观照下课堂提问的基本特征，即师生的交互性、问题的探索性、过程的开放性和体验的愉悦性。     

Environmental education in Latin American and the Caribbean: the challenges and limitations of conducting a systematic review of evaluation and research

Abstract

This systematic review extends the boundary of prior reviews in the environmental education (EE) field by analyzing publications focused on Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM). We examined peer-reviewed literature and dissertations/theses in four languages (English, French, Spanish and Portuguese) published between January 2000 and February 2018 to examine outcomes of EE interventions occurring in both formal and nonformal settings among LATAM youth up to age 18 years. Our findings reflect recurring critiques of EE, such as the field’s limited empirical research and a bias toward measuring knowledge gain. Our findings also highlight themes specific to LATAM, related to issue-based EE programs, EE versus Education for Sustainable Development, barriers to EE implementation and potential challenges posed by bias, privilege and power in LATAM-based EE research. Access to potentially appropriate publications was limited by weaknesses in search databases. Only a small selection of LATAM countries is represented in publications that met the search criteria, limiting our capacity to draw stronger conclusions about the region as a whole.     

Incorporating physical activity‐based interventions in school psychology research and practice: A systematic review

Physical activity provides a myriad of well‐documented social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic benefits for youth. While research suggests that physical activity should be integrated within the school day to support the well‐being of students, an understanding of related empirical work within school psychology research and practice is unclear. School psychologists are well positioned to systematically incorporate physical activity within their intervention practices, particularly given their role and expertise in implementing and evaluating interventions. Authors engaged in a systematic review of 20 years (1998–2018) of physical activity intervention research within 10 peer‐reviewed school psychology journals and six school psychology‐related journals. Authors analyzed 22 studies to glean a comprehensive understanding of the literature base and highlight the ways in which physical activity can be incorporated to support school and student outcomes. Suggestions for research and practice in school psychology are discussed in light of the examined literature.     

Adolescent experiences of living with a diagnosis of ADHD: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

Seeking young people’s perspectives is integral to delivering effective mental health care. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the qualitative research exploring the life experiences of young people diagnosed with ADHD. Four electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and SCOPUS) were searched in February 2017 for peer-reviewed, qualitative English language studies exploring the perspectives of adolescents formally diagnosed with ADHD. Eleven studies were included and appraised for methodological quality and a thematic synthesis was undertaken. Participants’ stories highlighted both positives and challenges within five analytical themes: Differing perspectives of the problem, Societal pressures, Sense of self, Feelings about medication, and Maturational shift from passive to active. The findings suggested that interpersonal conflict, stigma, and invalidation have a negative psychological impact upon young people’s self-esteem and identity. Support strategies are needed to maximise adolescents’ resilience, autonomy and abilities.     

Science education textbook research trends: a systematic literature review

The number of science education research papers has been rapidly rising in recent years. This number has been particularly influenced by researchers from non-English speaking countries who contribute to the field. With this number of papers, literature reviews gain in importance as they help researchers more easily orient themselves in problem areas. The authors of this study present a literature review on science textbook research. The importance of textbooks in education is indisputable, yet research in this field is surprisingly unbalanced between particular regions or states. In this paper, a review of 183 papers published between 2000 and 2018, indexed to the Web of Science database, is introduced. The results show that researchers in Europe and the USA focus on textbook research more than researchers elsewhere in the world. The textbooks most frequently researched on are science books for secondary schools. Textbook research consists mostly of analysing learning concepts and how concepts are integrated, non-textual elements in textbooks, visual representations, learning content or learning text analysis.     

论课堂对话教学实施的制约因素及其解决策略

“对话”已成为当代社会的关键词，在教育领域表现为以“对话”为原则和手段的对话教学。然而，在实际的课堂教学中，对话教学并未产生预期的效果，需要从教师、学生、环境等多个方面采取措施，以排除阻碍对话教学正确实施的因素。     

国外有效课堂对话之研究:回溯与启示

对理想化的、去情境化的对话模式的追求是课堂对话效率低下的一个重要原因,其将最终危害教育实践。课堂对话需要对情境保持敏感,西方国家课堂对话的类型研究、文化研究、学科内容与学习任务研究以及内在张力分析等都揭示有效的课堂对话需建基于具体的情境之中。基于此,我国的课堂对话研究应注重实证研究,关注实然的动态的课堂对话,摒弃对理想化的、去情境化的课堂对话模式的追求。     

基于对话的交互式课堂教学评价探究

过程哲学、关系哲学视野下的课堂教学评价是具有整体性、关联性、生成性的过程,是通过对话而展开的多主体交互作用的过程。建构基于对话的交互式课堂教学评价,可从实施的教学氛围、目标和标准设计、程序、反馈等方面探索其现实路径。     

建构课堂审美文化

从学生生命的本真存在这一视域出发,建构课堂审美文化是实现三维教学目标的理想追求。美,以和谐的感性形式肯定和确证人的自由精神从而引起人的情感愉悦,美即自由和谐。课堂审美文化中的自由与和谐分为三种:一是学生的主体自由,集中表现为"智慧";二是师生主体间性的互动自由,其核心在于"对话";三是学生的个性自由,是学生返观自身时与自我镜像之间的和谐,是一种真正意义上的心灵"愉悦"。由此就演绎出了课堂审美文化内涵的三个维度和要义:智慧、对话、愉悦。     

Making the grade: teacher training for inclusive education: A systematic review

The role of teacher training, as it pertains to the adoption of inclusive education (IE) (European Journal of Special, 22, 2007, 367), is critical in realizing and achieving truly IE environments. Literature often reports poor or inadequate training with regard to IE practices (Preparing Teachers of the Deaf for a Complex, Jacksonville, FL). The purpose of this review was to examine North American and Australian research regarding teacher training for students with disabilities (SWD) with the goal of informing best practice. Of the 27 reviewed studies, teacher training interventions reported positive outcomes and showed improvements in the areas of teachers’ attitudes/perceptions, knowledge, and strategies/skill development (Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 32, 2009, 166) regarding IE SWD. The researchers cautiously recommend the employment of workshop style approaches as they appear to have the capacity to tackle all three outcome variables concurrently and within the shortest timeframe. Our restrained recommendations for best practice are born out of the quality of evidence presented within the reviewed studies.     

建构课堂审美文化

从学生生命的本奥存在这一视域出发．建构课堂审美文化是实现三维教学目标的理想追求。美,以和谐的感性形式肯定和确证人的自由精神从而引起人的情感愉悦,美即自由和谐。课堂审美文化中的自由与和谐分为三种：一是学生的主体自由．集中表现为“智慧”;二是师生主体间性的互动自由,其核心在于“对话”;三是学生的个性自由．是学生返观自身时与自我镜像之间的和谐,是一种真正意义上的心灵“愉悦”。由此就演绎出了课堂审美文化内涵的三个维度和要义：智慧、对话、愉悦。     

班级社会学研究(上):诸论述评

班级社会学研究主要有三类传统观点:一是把班级视作保护性的因而学生应该遵从的群体,可称之为浪漫主义的客位班级观,包括"参照群体"、"初级群体"及"共同体"班级观;二是把班级视作管理/控制性的、因而需要学生服从的集体/体系,可称之为管理/工具主义的客位班级观,包括"社会系统"及"集体主义"班级观;三是价值评判色彩较淡而事实分析色彩较浓的"特殊社会组织"班级观。浪漫主义班级观虽反对压制学生,主张释放其主动性和创造性,却耽溺于浪漫化的构想而未能探及学生受压抑和宰制背后的意识形态问题以及学生的抵抗潜能与权力;工具主义班级观则在径直投诚主流意识形态或主动领受既定秩序的前提下,把学生连同教师一起变成了社会制度的部件。     

Including children with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms: implications for pedagogy from a systematic review

This paper reports on the outcomes of the first in a series of three systematic literature reviews in inclusive education. The aims include establishing what research has been undertaken in the area of effective pedagogical approaches to enable children with special educational needs to be included in mainstream classrooms, synthesising themes in a purposive sample of the literature and examining how this research might inform practice. One outcome of this first literature review was an overview of the various ways that teachers are effectively including children with special educational needs. In this paper, using the literature, we share some of the characteristics of the teaching approaches that have been shown to lead to positive outcomes in the areas of academic attainment, social involvement and improved behaviour. We discuss how these approaches, particularly those involving peer group interactions, might be used by teachers to support all learners.     

对话教学：负责任的课堂交往

新课程改革的理念深入“师心”，对话成为课堂教学的基本组织形式，对话的实质应是一种对学生集体、知识的准确性和思维的严密性负责任的教学。对它的基本表征、遵循原则及实现途径进行探讨有助于实现“负责任的课堂交往”。