农村生源大学新生心理健康状况及其应对——以福建省某本科高校近五届新生研究为例

采用SCL-90对福建省某高校2015～2019年连续5届共9238名农村生源大学新生心理健康状况进行测查与分析。结果表明,农村生源大学新生心理健康总体状况并不比城镇生源差,但强迫症状和恐惧两个因子得分较高;女生心理健康水平总体低于男生,在强迫症状、焦虑、恐惧、精神病性因子方面较为突出;来自独生子女家庭的学生有更高焦虑、偏执倾向,且焦虑水平高于全国青年均值;来自非完整家庭的学生有更高抑郁、焦虑倾向,且焦虑水平也高于全国青年均值。基于研究结果,建议要将积极心理学的理念融入到农村大学生心理健康教育中,以生为本提升学生心理健康自助能力,不断健全和完善心理健康教育工作体系,深化“学校—家庭—社会”三方联动,以进一步提升农村生源大学生心理健康教育工作质效。     

大学新生心理健康普查与建档工作研究

在大学生心理问题日益突出的当今,开展大学新生心理健康普查,建立心理健康档案,对预防大学生心理障碍和心理危机、加强高校大学生心理健康教育工作具有重要的现实意义。     

对大学图书馆阅读疗法的研究

阅读疗法(bibliotherapy),又称图书治疗,《韦氏新国际英语词典》第三版有两条释义:(1)有选择的读物辅助医学和精神病学的治疗;(2)通过有指导的阅读,帮助解决个人问题。缓解或消除心理疾患,促进身心健康的一种辅助心理治疗方法,在促进大学生心理健康方面有一定的优势。可以说阅读疗法是医学心理学与图书馆学交叉学科,中国阅读方法作为一种医学实践早已存在,只不过没有系统化,理论化。目前国内图书馆界仅有少数人在做此项。因此各学校图书馆应组建一支高素质图书馆馆员来开展阅读疗法及研究,把个体与群体治疗相结合,把发展性阅读与治疗性阅读相结合.按照读者的不同年级、专业,不同阅读要求和心理特征来推荐阅读书刊。增加大学生对阅读疗法的了解及效果。使其更好地发挥阅读疗法在高校心理健康教育中的作用。     

A Review of Psychological Distress Among University Students: Pervasiveness,Implications and Potential Points of Intervention

A review of literature from the past 30 years establishes psychological distress as both a longstanding and current issue affecting university students worldwide. Poorer academic outcomes and problematic health behaviours are linked to students’ distress, and these wider implications also highlight the need for appropriate policies and services to support students during what is clearly a challenging time. Further review identified various socio-demographic, situational and academic factors as potential bases of students’ distress. Undoubtedly, the demands of the university lifestyle are inherently stressful; yet experiencing these as distressing is not inevitable. Rather, a review of links between university students’ psychological attributes and psychological distress indicates such attributes might be ideal points of intervention to ensure students are best equipped to manage the stressors of university, and greater attention in this area is recommended.     

A longitudinal examination of students’ health behaviours during their first year at university

During the transition from school to higher education, young adults experience a substantial amount of change where they progress from the highly controlled setting of school to the autonomous and self-motivated environment of university. Time spent at university is considered a critical period during which young adults establish a clear sense of identity, which can include forming positive health behaviours such as regular physical activity. The transition from school to university also involves a number of changes that can impact on the mental well-being of students including financial concerns, academic pressures and a lack of social support. Our aim was to longitudinally examine the physical activity levels and mental well-being of Scottish students during their first year at university. Participants were 48 first-year students (males, n = 24; females, n = 24) aged 18–19 years enrolled at two Scottish universities in the UK. At entry to university (semester 1) participants completed a validated self-report measure of physical activity and measures of anxiety and depression. Participants’ physical activity levels were assessed for seven days via accelerometry. Participants completed the same measures six months later (semester 2). Daily moderate physical activity levels decreased across the semesters yet perceptions of mental well-being remained stable. There was a significant increase in hip and waist circumferences across the semesters. The first year of university is a critical period for establishing positive health behaviours and there is a need for universities to actively encourage physical activity as an integral part of university life.     

University student perspectives on institutional non-disclosure of disability and learning challenges: reasons for staying invisible

ABSTRACT

Students with disabilities (SWD) in Australian higher education need to disclose to their institution to access a range of ‘reasonable adjustments’ to support their learning. Nationally, 5.8% of the university population disclose their disability to their institution. It is suspected that there is a much larger population of students who choose non-disclosure, and therefore decide not to access support. Very little is known about the reasons for non-disclosure as this group represents a hidden population in higher education. The research reported here is based on a survey of undergraduate students in one regional Australian university where disability was reframed as ‘learning challenge’. This identified the institutionally non-disclosed group. This research identified that there were sound reasons for non-disclosure, students continually weigh up potential disclosure during their study, and students have difficulty with the disclosure process. We conclude that institutions need to understand that they have an invisible group of non-disclosing SWD in their student populations and that, to meet their learning challenges, universities need to support changes to policies, procedures and curriculum design.     

探究大学生的心理健康标准及教育对策

大学生的心理健康关系到大学生德智体的顺利发展,有很多大学生不明确心理健康的标准,笔者在此简要概括大学生心理健康的标准,进而提出对大学生进行心理健康教育的三点对策,让大学生从中培养健康的心理情感,克服不良情绪,身心得到健康发展。     

体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的调适

随着社会的进步,人们的生活节奏逐步加快,大学生在面临环境变化、人际关系复杂化时,会感到烦躁焦虑．忧郁苦闷,导致压抑、紧张、痛苦等不良心理,产生一系列心理障碍。特别是“学校教育。健康第一”的指导思想的确立。使大学生心理健康问题已成为一个引起普遍关注和亟待解决的问题。本从体育教育对心理健康的调适作用。阐述其对大学生心理健康的积极意义。     

谈大学生心理健康问题与应对措施

随着社会的飞速发展,人们的生活节奏日益加快,竞争越来越激烈,人际关系也变得越来越复杂,当代青年大学生思想压力也随之加重。如何加强对大学生的心理健康教育,使他们避免或消除种种心理压力造成的心理危机或心理障碍,增进心身健康,以积极、正常的心理状态去适应当前和发展的社会环境,预防心理疾病的发生,就成为高校迫切需要高度关注的问题。     

高校辅导员在心理健康教育工作中的作用

心理健康教育在高校教育工作中占有十分重要的地位。辅导员是高校教师队伍和管理队伍的重要组成部分,在大学生心理健康教育工作中需要发挥应有的作用。辅导员贴近学生,对学生思想状况和心理动态十分了解,能及时准确地发现学生的心理问题,可以在萌芽阶段就给予学生及时的疏导,遇到疑难问题,也可以及时向上一级部门反馈与求助。应加强辅导员心理健康教育知识和方法的培训,建立健全辅导员心理健康教育机制,辅助高校心理咨询中心做好大学生心理健康教育工作,增强高校心理健康教育工作的针对性与时效性。     

团体心理咨询——大学生心理健康教育的有效途径

大学生的心理健康教育是素质教育的重点,团体心理咨询作为一种新的心理健康教育形式,是当今素质教育、新时期大学生思想政治教育工作和心理健康教育工作本身的需要。团体心理咨询有助于新生入学适应、深化认识自我、学习人际交往原则和技巧、合理进行情绪调节、保持心理健康水平等各方面。团体心理咨询是高校开展心理健康教育、保持大学生心理健康、培养学生健康人格的有效途径。     

Persevering,educating and influencing a change: a case study of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander narratives of academic success

ABSTRACT

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students’ experiences in Australian higher education continue to be influenced by the sociopolitical narratives of alterity which locate the students as more likely than their nonIndigenous peers to struggle academically and need support. These western-centric perceptions of indigeneities not only affect Indigenous students’ everyday university experiences but can even influence their decision whether to persist with their studies or not. Drawing on data collected in a large, metropolitan Australian university, this article presents a case study of Indigenous students’ ways of perceiving and resisting their positioning by the dominant university systems as ‘problematic’, at risk of failure and needing support. Specifically, the article explores educational pathways of three Indigenous students, their narratives exemplifying primary strategies of enacting and articulating resistances to the dominant education structures in order to fuel academic success.     

高校大学生心理健康教育模式机制研究

针对目前我国高校大学生心理健康教育工作的现状,提出构建大学生心理健康教育模式机制的新思路,并积极探索高校大学生心理健康教育模式机制有效运行的对策,从而大幅度提高高校的心理健康教育水平,力图培养德、智、体全面发展的高素质人才。     

地质类高校大学生心理健康教育课程教学需求分析

为了了解地质类高校大学生心理健康教育课程的需求状况,笔者采用自编问卷,对中国地质大学（北京）、中国地质大学（武汉）2所地质类高校共539名大学生进行了问卷调查。结果表明,地质类高校大学生心理健康教育课程应该是一门集知识、体验和活动为一体的综合性课程体系;该课程教学目的是调节心态,优化地质类高校大学生的心理品质;目前地质类高校大学生最需要讲授的教学内容是情绪管理、人际关系及自我认识方面;情境模拟、案例分析、氛围创设、实践或活动锻炼模式、审美或音乐熏陶模式等是地质类高校大学生需要的教学模式和方法。     

高校研究生心理健康教育的思考

近年来,随着学位研究生教育招生规模的不断扩大以及专业教育改革的不断深入,高校研究生的心理健康问题不断引起人们的关注。调查发现,高校研究生心理健康教育工作滞后于研究生人才培养的实际要求。因此,研究生心理健康教育工作应从成立研究生心理健康教育的专门领导机构、建立研究生心理健康专兼职队伍、建立研究生心理健康教育工作机制、开展专题讲座和专项活动、研究生心理健康教育以预防为主、充分发挥现代网络媒介作用等六个方面入手。     

The nineteen eightees: Prelude to curricular reform

Abstract

The massification of higher education in Australia since the early 1990s has foregrounded issues of access and participation for a range of ‘non‐traditional’ students. Such issues can unsettle academics’ normative assumptions of the learning behaviours of the traditional, ‘ideal’, university student and highlight normative beliefs and practices about teaching and learning. This can be seen most acutely in regard to the increasing numbers of students with disabilities, especially students with ‘hidden’ disabilities such as psychiatric disabilities and learning disabilities. The impacts of these disabilities go to the very core of the business of the academy: cognition, intellectual ability and academic success. Using Smith's (1999) notion of ‘cultural cartography’, this article takes a sociocultural approach to investigate and give voice to the responses of a small number of students with a ‘learning difficulty’ at a regional university about problematic aspects of their teaching and learning experiences. This demonstrated that the after‐effects of access and equity admission polices can play out in deeply personal ways for individual students when normative, behaviourist notions of ability and achievement continue to prevail within higher education environments. Although non‐traditional students are now permitted to enter the academy, this occurs at some personal cost to their feelings of belonging and self‐esteem, and can result in students taking on deficit or helpless positions within the academy.     

Psychological and demographic predictors of undergraduate non-attendance at university lectures and seminars

Absenteeism from university teaching sessions is increasingly becoming a common phenomenon and remains a major concern to universities. Poor attendance has significant and detrimental effects on students themselves, their peers and teaching staff. There is, however, a lack of previous research investigating demographic and psychological predictors of non-attendance alongside salient reasons students offer for their absence; it is this ‘gap’ that the present study attempts to fill. We approached 618 undergraduate university students from a single UK university studying various courses to complete a bespoke questionnaire assessing their estimated percentage attendance at lectures and seminars over the academic year. Students answered demographic questions, completed psychometric tests of perceived confidence (Perceived Confidence for Learning) and university belongingness (Psychological Sense of School Membership), and rated the degree to which possible reasons for non-attendance applied to themselves. Multiple regression analyses were carried out separately for estimated attendance at lectures and seminars. Results demonstrated that significant predictors of poorer attendance for both scenarios were experiencing a lower sense of belongingness to university; working more hours in paid employment; having more social life commitments; facing coursework deadlines; and experiencing mental health issues. Improving a sense of belonging to university and targeting interventions at students working in paid employment may be effective means of increasing attendance. Providing support for students with mental health issues, structuring courses around coursework deadlines and helping students to organise their attendance around social activities could also be advantageous.     

Academic and social integration in higher education: a survey of satisfaction and dissatisfaction within a first‐year education studies cohort at a new university

A survey of student satisfaction and dissatisfaction was undertaken within an undergraduate education studies cohort at a new university in the English Midlands. The cohort included both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students and represented an increasingly typical ‘widened’ community of students within higher education. This student‐ informed survey enabled expression of facets of experience which were found to be deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying by the cohort and which also had the potential to impact upon their academic and social integration. The cohort was asked to link facets found deeply satisfying or deeply dissatisfying to the likelihood of their retention and degree completion or the likelihood of their exit from the institution. Themes emerging were concerned with teaching and learning, debt and money worries, workload and support. Many of the facets identified fall within institutional control and can be managed in order that both ‘traditional’ and ‘non‐traditional’ students may achieve integration, maintain their personal vision and be retained. The survey methodology employed can be adapted to accommodate contextualization within other higher education institutions. It is suggested that engagement with such survey methodology represents investment in both institutional, educational and financial health.     

一年级医学生的心理健康状况及人格影响因素

为了解一年级医学生的心理健康状况及其人格影响因素.采用SCL-90、EPQ、SES、UCLA孤独量表对入学半年后的709名福建医科大学一年级医学生进行测查.研究表明:建医科大学一年级医学生心理健康状况优于全国大学生,但稍差于全国青年;"肯定有症状"的检出率为16.22%,主要症状为强迫、人际敏感和抑郁,男生的敌对、偏执...     

少数民族大学生心理健康教育的文化取向

近年来大学生的心理健康问题日益受到社会各界的关注。本文分析了少数民族大学生心理问题产生的原因,阐述了文化取向在大学生心理健康教育中的重要作用,提出了民族高校应针对少数民族大学生的特点采取相应的措施,构建具有一定文化取向的心理健康教育新模式。