Creating Integrated Environments for Young Children with Special Needs

More and more frequently, infants and preschoolers with special needs are being included in classrooms with typically developing children. This article suggests ideas for teachers—practical ideas about how to cope with the challenge of inclusion, how to address the needs of the group as well as how to further the comfort and learning of each child in an integrated setting.     

Lenses on Learning: Administrators' Views on Reform and the Professional Development of Teachers

If the intellectual norms and values embedded in the mathematics education reform movement are to move beyond individual classrooms and significantly influence entire schools and districts, school and district administrators will need to become centrally, rather than peripherally, involved. This paper discusses the ways administrators' ideas about the nature of mathematics, learning, teaching, and school culture affect their interpretations of the nature and intent of the elementary mathematics reform movement and their thoughts about of how they might support it. In particular, administrators' views of parents' concerns, professional development for teachers, and of how new ideas move around in a school are discussed. I argue that administrators have well-formed ideas about mathematics, learning, and teaching, which influence their views of reform and their ideas of how to provide support. These ideas need to be taken into account if administrators are to be central actors in reform. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国企业品牌管理的误区与对策研究

本文剖析了中国企业品牌管理存在的误区及其危害性,并就如何走出误区、全面实施名牌战略进行了探讨,提出了有现实意义的对应措施。     

Biology Curricula at Universities in the European Community

In literature, several processes have been suggested to describe conceptual changes being undertaken. However, a few parts of studies analyse in great detail which students' learning processes are involved in physics classes during teaching, and how they are used. Following a socio-constructivist approach using tools coming from discourse analysis, we suggest studying three processes of students' learning: (1) establishing links between ideas, (2) increasing the domain of applicability of ideas, or (3) decreasing the domain of applicability of ideas. Our database consists of video data and written worksheets of two students at the upper-secondary school level (Grade 10 [15-year-old students]) during a one-month teaching sequence about gas. Based on semiotic resources contained in oral and written language, we reconstruct in great detail all the ideas about gas expressed by both students during the entire teaching sequence. Our analysis deals with (1) how learning processes are identified based on the ideas expressed by students, and (2) how the three learning processes are used by the two students during teaching. Our results show that during the teaching sequence: (1) the emergence of the networks of three ideas is supported by networks of two ideas expressed previously by students; (2) both students express more networks of two ideas than networks of three ideas; (3) the process ‘increasing the domain of applicability’ of an idea or a network of ideas is very often involved; and (4) the process ‘decreasing the domain of applicability’ of an idea or network of ideas is rarely used by them.     

注重多元教学设计 营造活力科学课堂

课堂教学的有效性是课堂教学追求的永恒主题。通过一次教研活动,从对教材的处理、教学方法与教学手段的优化等方面,对课堂教学有效性提出自己的观点。     

Characterizing productive reflection among preservice elementary teachers: Seeing what matters

Effective teachers consider interrelationships among aspects of teaching including learners, subject matter knowledge, assessment, and instruction. The 70 journal entries of 25 preservice elementary teachers are analyzed to characterize the teachers’ written reflection. One focus of the analysis is on how the preservice teachers integrate ideas about these aspects of teaching. The preservice teachers sometimes integrate ideas about learners with ideas about instruction. Further analyses illustrate the difference between integrating ideas and simply juxtaposing them. The paper illuminates how reflecting on multiple aspects of teaching may help new teachers integrate their knowledge and begin to develop a more complex view of teaching.     

Elementary teachers’ use of content knowledge to evaluate students’ thinking in the life sciences

Science learning environments should provide opportunities for students to make sense of and enhance their understanding of disciplinary concepts. Teachers can support students’ sense-making by engaging and responding to their ideas through high-leverage instructional practices such as formative assessment (FA). However, past research has shown that teachers may not understand FA, how to implement it, or have sufficient content knowledge to use it effectively. Few studies have investigated how teachers gather information to evaluate students’ ideas or how content knowledge factors into those decisions, particularly within the life science discipline. We designed a study embedded in a multi-year professional development program that supported elementary teachers’ development of disciplinary knowledge and FA practices within science instruction. Study findings illustrate how elementary teachers’ life science content knowledge influences their evaluation of students’ ideas. Teachers with higher levels of life science content knowledge more effectively evaluated students’ ideas than teachers with lower levels of content knowledge. Teachers with higher content exam scores discussed both content and student understanding to a greater extent, and their analyses of students’ ideas were more scientifically accurate compared to teachers with lower scores. These findings contribute to theory and practice around science teacher education, professional development, and curriculum development.     

论《学记》的教育管理思想及现实意义

《学记》中蕴藏着丰富而有哲理的教育管理思想,文章从教育管理的微观视角探讨了其教育管理思想,发掘其教育管理思想的特色和精华,以继承和革新相结合的原则对其学习和研究,探讨了《学记》中教育管理思想的现实借鉴意义。     

新建本科院校办学理念探析

大学的办学理念对大学的建设有着重要作用,新建本科院校在办学理念的构建方面与重点大学相比有着较大差距。文章着重探讨了新建本科院校如何根据自己的实际情况确立几个主要的办学理念。     

影响大学办学理念的因素分析——以哈佛大学为例

大学办学理念指大学人对大学如何运作所形成的理性认识、理想追求及其有关的大学教育思想观念。在本质上,办学理念是指要把一所大学办成什么样的大学。从哈佛大学的发展来看,影响大学办学理念的因素主要有社会环境的因素、大学校长的影响力和高等教育管理体制的因素。     

大学英语教改 敢问路在何方--大学英语教学现状及改革初探

应对WTO，大学英语教学如何顺应新的形势加快改革步伐，已引起有识之士的广泛关注。本文客观地分析了近年来大学英语教学的现状，并对教学改革中如何转变观念，创建新的质量评价体系，改进教学方法，更新教学内容，提高教师素质等进行了探讨和思考。     

毛泽东的用人思想及历史溯源

毛泽东运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,科学地继承和改造了中国传统的“民本”思想及选贤任能、知人之法、如何培养人才等思想,把古与今、传统与现实巧妙地融为一体,在长期的领导生涯中,形成了群众路线、干部决定论、任人唯贤、知人善任等用人思想和方法。     

Using ‘big ideas’ to enhance teaching and student learning

Organising teaching of a topic around a small number of ‘big ideas’ has been argued by many to be important in teaching for deep understanding, with big ideas being able to link different activities and to be framed in ways that provide perceived relevance and routes into engagement. However it is our view that, at present, the significance of big ideas in classroom practice is underappreciated while their implementation in teaching is perceived as ‘unproblematic’. In this paper we address these issues; while we draw on the experiences of two major research projects focusing on teachers’ pedagogical reasoning, we attempt to investigate big ideas from a conceptual stance. While the domain is important, we argue that the source of big ideas should include reflection on issues of student learning and engagement as well as the domain. Moreover, big ideas should be framed in ways that are richer, more generative of teaching ideas and more pedagogically powerful than topic headings. This means framing them as a sentence, with a verb, that provides direction and ideas for teachers. We posit three different kinds of big ideas: big ideas about content, big ideas about learning and big ideas about the domain; the last two result in teachers having parallel agendas to their content agendas. In addition to discussing how pedagogically powerful big ideas can be constructed, we draw on data from highly skilled teachers to extend thinking about how teachers can use big ideas.     

Enacting entrepreneurship education: The interaction of personal and professional interests in mini-enterprises

This article argues that participative approaches, such as those found in enterprise or entrepreneurship education, allow several factors to influence learning activity. The ‘Mini-enterprise’ (Young Enterprise) approach is one where students set up and run their own business during a school year. This article is based on the analysis of interactional processes in four mini-enterprises in post-16 education. Given the emphasis on progressive ideas in entrepreneurship education in general, it is important to understand how students themselves form the learning activity. The analysis shows how ideas about friendship, school and business all contribute to students’ interaction and to forming the learning process. In order to explore how students’ agency is informed by different sets of ideas, the article applies Joas’ theory of creative action. This allows a discussion of how students’ personal and professional interests interact in productive and less productive ways in the learning activity.     

Problematising the theory–practice terminology: a discourse analysis of students’ statements on Work-integrated Learning

ABSTRACT

This study uses a Foucault-inspired discourse analysis to examine two ideas about learning which reinforce the terminology whereby theory means campus-based training and practice means work placements. The purpose is to problematise this theory–practice terminology and provide scope for a non-dualistic alternative. The ideas examined are the idea of theory vs. practice as the point of departure for learning and the idea of theory and practice as harmonious points of departure for learning. These ideas were voiced by interviewed students who discussed the usual design of Work-integrated Learning (WIL) whereby students go to university to learn ‘theory’ and into working life to learn ‘practice’. The analysis shows how the ideas are formed by different ranking orders between theory and practice which are mutually exclusive, while also working together to reinforce the theory–practice terminology. The discussion on how a non-dualistic terminology can emerge highlights how the usual WIL design forms a dualistic setting where the theory–practice terminology thrives and how designing WIL at a third place between university and working life can provide scope for the terminology we seek.     

知识视角下的大概念教学

学科核心素养的培养离不开学科知识的学习。大概念作为学科知识中能够反映学科本质并构成学科框架的概念,是落实学科核心素养的重要路径。首先,阐释如何理解大概念以及大概念教学;其次,指出大概念蕴含丰富的意义,体现了知识的连接并处于生成与发展中;最后,从知识的视角来看,基于大概念的教学要挖掘大概念背后的意义,同时大概念教学应围绕对大概念探究来进行知识建构并培养学生解决生活中复杂问题的能力。     

体操技术教学中的几个心理学问题

主要针对学生学习动机的激发 ,运动知识的掌握 ,运动技能的形成 ,恐惧心理的克服谈谈自己的看法     

Multicultural Student-to-Student Dialogue and the Generation of Creative Ideas

Both participation in dialog and exposure to others from different cultures have been theorized to increase the ability of an individual to be creative. This study focused on the multicultural student-to-student dialog that took place in one graduate level course. The purpose of this study was to explore how participation in this dialog might influence student creativity, specifically how the students generated creative ideas for their final course papers. No connection was found between participation in the multicultural student-to-student dialog and the generation of creative ideas for their final papers. However, insight was gained into the creative process used by students in generating their final paper ideas.     

Thinking Like a Scientist: Using Vee-Maps to Understand Process and Concepts in Science

It is considered important for students to participate in scientific practices to develop a deeper understanding of scientific ideas. Supporting students, however, in knowing and understanding the natural world in connection with generating and evaluating scientific evidence and explanations is not easy. In addition, writing in science can help students to understand such connections as they communicate what they know and how they know it. Although tools such as vee-maps can scaffold students?? efforts to design investigations, we know less about how these tools support students in connecting scientific ideas with the evidence they are generating, how these connections develop over time, or how writing can be used to encourage such connections. In this study, we explored students?? developing ability to reason scientifically by examining the relationship between students?? understanding of scientific phenomena and their understanding of how to generate and evaluate evidence for their ideas in writing. Three high school classes completed three investigations. One class used vee-mapping each time, one used vee-mapping once, and one did not use vee-mapping. Students?? maps and written reports were rated for understanding of relevant science procedural and conceptual ideas. Comparisons between groups and over time indicate a positive relationship between improved procedural and conceptual understanding. Findings also indicate that improved procedural understanding preceded improved conceptual understanding, and thus, multiple experiences were needed for students to connect evidence and explanation for science phenomena.