Roy适应模式在乳腺癌初次放疗患者护理中的应用

Roy适应模式从整体的观点出发,着重探讨了人作为一个适应系统面对环境中各种刺激的适应层面与适应过程.     

端粒酶在乳腺癌诊疗中的应用

本章鉴于端粒酶作为肿瘤的特异性标记物及治疗靶点的作法,重点从端粒酶在乳腺癌中的表达以及端粒酶检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用进行阐明,通过大量资料总结出端粒及端粒酶是乳腺癌的检测与诊疗的有力工具。     

逆向设计在工业设计中的具体应用研究

面对当前产品开发周期越来越短和功能要求日益复杂的严峻事实，如何使用逆向设计的思维和方法，挖掘逆向设计在新产品造型设计中的应用潜力，构建一种全新的设计模式，将逆向设计有机地融入到工业设计中去。运用该方法可以快速进行产品造型设计，从而达到缩短产品开发周期、提高新产品竞争力和降低开发成本的目的。     

分段控制方法在油田污水处理中的应用

针对老油田原有污水处理工艺和设备,提出污水处理“分段控制分段达标”管理办法,将污水处理系统分为几个控制分段．在每个控制分段限定出口污水含油、机杂的指标,进行水质化验跟踪,实现每一控制分段水质分别达标,保证最终出口指标合格。另外,提出保证措施和常见问题的处理方法,形成一整套的日常污水处理管理制度,指导生产,确保回注水质合格。     

逆向思维在数学解题方法中的应用

学好数理化一直是教师、学生和家长都比较关注的问题,数学作为主科目尤其受到重视。但是数学这门科目难度大,需要学生付出极大的努力。在数学学习的过程中,利用不同的解题方法将数学问题变得简单,这是学生更好掌握数学知识点的一个诀窍。逆向思维是数学解题中的重要方法,利用得当会帮助学生提高自己的数学成绩,更好的实现成绩的进步飞跃。     

异鼠李素在乳腺癌中的研究进展

通过讨论乳腺癌的病因及发病机制,就异鼠李素治疗乳腺癌的药理作用及其作用机制研究进展进行综述,以期为临床工作提供相关依据。     

建筑结构设计优化方法在房屋结构设计中的应用

随着经济发展水平的不断提高,人们的生活水平也在不断提高。所以,人们对建筑等方面的要求更高,不仅仅像以前那样要求实用,而且强调美观。在这样的要求下,建筑在具体的建设过程中,需要不断改变和优化,才能满足人们的要求,促使我国的建筑行业的不断进步,比如在安全的基础上,还要美观、时尚、大方,跟得上时代的发展潮流。     

HDAC4在乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的：研究乳腺癌中HDC4基因蛋白的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法：实验共选取91例乳腺组织的存档蜡块标本,其中包括46例乳腺癌、26例导管内原位癌（DCIS）以及19例正常宫颈上皮组织。应用免疫组织化学（SP法）检测HDC4蛋白在上述组织中的表达,并分析其蛋白检测的临床病理学意义。结果：与正常乳腺组织（15.8%,3/19）相比,HDC4蛋白在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中表达率明显增高,分别达46.2%(12/26)和71.7%(33/46),强阳性表达率在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中分别达19.2%（5/26）和45.6%（21/46）,也明显高于正常乳腺组织,差异显著（p<0.01）。结论：HDC4蛋白表达可作为女性乳腺癌及原位癌DCIS的病理辅助诊断指标之一,可能有助于乳腺癌的诊断及预后评估。     

HDAC4在乳腺癌中的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:研究乳腺癌中HDC4基因蛋白的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法:实验共选取91例乳腺组织的存档蜡块标本,其中包括46例乳腺癌、26例导管内原位癌(DCIS)以及19例正常宫颈上皮组织。应用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测HDC4蛋白在上述组织中的表达,并分析其蛋白检测的临床病理学意义。结果:与正常乳腺组织(15.8%,3/19)相比,HDC4蛋白在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中表达率明显增高,分别达46.2%(12/26)和71.7%(33/46),强阳性表达率在DCIS和乳腺癌组织中分别达19.2%(5/26)和45.6%(21/46),也明显高于正常乳腺组织,差异显著(p<0.01)。结论:HDC4蛋白表达可作为女性乳腺癌及原位癌DCIS的病理辅助诊断指标之一,可能有助于乳腺癌的诊断及预后评估。     

逆向供应链管理思想在循环经济中的应用研究

20世纪末确立可持续发展战略以来，世界各国都把发展循环经济作为实现可持续发展战略的重要途径，研究和探索循环经济发展模式成为当代理论界的重要课题。在分析循环经济与逆向供应链的价值取向和理论基础上，提出了将逆向供应链管理思想应用于循环经济中，构筑出基于逆向供应链管理的循环经济模式。     

中药对乳腺癌内分泌治疗的减毒作用研究

中药治疗乳腺癌有着广泛的临床适应证,尤其在内分泌治疗毒副反应研究方面有着显著的优势。对提高患者生存率,降低复发转移率,改善患者的生活质量具有极其重要的临床意义和广泛的应用前景。     

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and sex-hormone binding globulin in breast cancer

Serum levels of various lipid parameters, i.e., triglycerides, total cholesterol, alpha lipoprotein or high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and beta lipoprotein or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were measured in a total of 138 histologically proven cases of breast cancer along with 146 control women. The mean levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were found to be significantly higher in breast cancer cases as compared to controls. However, lower mean levels of serum HDL-cholesterol and sex-hormone binding glubulin (SHBG) were observed in breast cancer patients than the control subjects. The results indicate a probable relation between serum lipids and the activity of sex-hormones. Moreover, the study reflects an overall disturbance of lipid metabolism in the pathological process of breast cancer.     

Circulating peptide and steroid hormone levels in patients with breast cancer

Circulating levels of gonadotropins (FSH,LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in the sera of 60 patients with histopathologically proven breast cancer. 30 patients belonged to the post and 30 to the premenopausal group. 30 healthy women, 15 each in the pre and post menopausal groups served as controls for the study. Prolactin was elevated in 33% and 26% of pre and post menopausal breast cancer patients respectively. Lower levels of estradiol and progesterone were observed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Among postmenopausal patients with breast cancer, LH was elevated in 32%, FSH in 15% and estradiol in 30% of the patients studied.     

Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase in breast and prostate cancers with bone metastasis

BALP activity in the sera of metastatic patients of breast and prostate malignancy has increased significantly. Our studies with patients in India conform the earlier reports that BALP may have a useful complementary role in the early diagnosis of bone metastases.     

Serum oestradiol in women with carcinomas of the breast and uterine cervix

Endogenous oestrogens are thought to be involved in breast cancer, but few studies could show the direct relationship between hormones and pathological process of the disease. In the present study, oestradiol was estimated in the serum of pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer patients along with normal healthy controls and patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix which is not dependent on oestrogens. Premenopausal patients with breast cancer showed higher levels of oestradiol as compared to premenopausal control women as well as cervical cancer patients. Whereas, no statistically significant differences were observed in serum oestradiol levels amongst postmenopausal groups of breast cancer, cervical cancer and normal women. The result of the study reflects the association of oestradiol as well as its difference in the pathological events of pre and postmenopausal breast cancer.     

Glycoprotein components in the serum of patients with cancer breast

The levels of total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and fucose were estimated in the sera of patients with benign and malignant tumours of breast. An increase was noted in all the three parameters, with a more marked increase in malignancy, when compared with benign and controls. Consequent to surgery, there was an elevation in the serum levels of the above parameters than the values prior to surgery and a decline was noted two months after surgery although none of the values reached the normal range. These results suggest a close association of the glycoproteins with the tumour burden and further signify their role in early detection and staging of cancer breast.     

Strategies for engineering advanced nanomedicines for gas therapy of cancer

As an emerging and promising treatment method, gas therapy has attracted more and more attention for treatment of inflammation-related diseases, especially cancer. However, therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases (NO, CO, H₂S, H₂, O₂, SO₂ and CO₂) and most of their prodrugs lack the abilities of active intratumoral accumulation and controlled gas release, resulting in limited cancer therapy efficacy and potential side effects. Therefore, development of nanomedicines to realize tumor-targeted and controlled release of therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases is greatly desired, and also the combination of other therapeutic modes with gas therapy by multifunctional nanocarrier platforms can augment cancer therapy efficacy and also reduce their side effects. The design of nanomedicines with these functions is vitally important, but challenging. In this review, we summarize a series of engineering strategies for construction of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines from four aspects: (1) stimuli-responsive strategies for controlled gas release; (2) catalytic strategies for controlled gas release; (3) tumor-targeted gas delivery strategies; (4) multi-model combination strategies based on gas therapy. Moreover, we highlight current issues and gaps in knowledge, and envisage current trends and future prospects of advanced nanomedicines for gas therapy of cancer. This review aims to inspire and guide the engineering of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines.     

A novel intelligent classification model for breast cancer diagnosis

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. Accurate and early detection of breast cancer can ensure long-term surviving for the patients. However, traditional classification algorithms usually aim only to maximize the classification accuracy, failing to take into consideration the misclassification costs between different categories. Furthermore, the costs associated with missing a cancer case (false negative) are clearly much higher than those of mislabeling a benign one (false positive). To overcome this drawback and further improving the classification accuracy of the breast cancer diagnosis, in this work, a novel breast cancer intelligent diagnosis approach has been proposed, which employed information gain directed simulated annealing genetic algorithm wrapper (IGSAGAW) for feature selection, in this process, we performs the ranking of features according to IG algorithm, and extracting the top m optimal feature utilized the cost sensitive support vector machine (CSSVM) learning algorithm. Our proposed feature selection approach which can not only help to reduce the complexity of SAGASW algorithm and effectively extracting the optimal feature subset to a certain extent, but it can also obtain the maximum classification accuracy and minimum misclassification cost. The efficacy of our proposed approach is tested on Wisconsin Original Breast Cancer (WBC) and Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) breast cancer data sets, and the results demonstrate that our proposed hybrid algorithm outperforms other comparison methods. The main objective of this study was to apply our research in real clinical diagnostic system and thereby assist clinical physicians in making correct and effective decisions in the future. Moreover our proposed method could also be applied to other illness diagnosis.     

Status of epidermal growth factor receptors family in hormone-dependent carcinomas of the breast and prostate with reference to serum lipids and lipoproteins

There are numerous growing evidences of resemblance between carcinomas of the breast and prostate. A total of 45 cases of these two hormone-dependent cancers along with appropriate controls were subjected for status of epidermal growth factor receptors as well as serum lipid profile. Paraffin embedded tissue sections from aforesald tumours were analysed by immunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). Sera from same individuals were studied for serum lipid profile analysis. The study revealed that immunoexpression of all receptor proteins (EGF-R). c-erbB-2 was significantly higher in breast carcinoma. In addition, mean levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were found to be significantly elevated while the level of HDL-cholesterol was observed to be lower among patients with breast cancer as compared to matched controls. Further, ER-positive breast cancer cases have significantly higher mean level of HDL-cholesterol when compared with ER-negative breast cancer patients. Contrary to this, no alteration in different serum lipid fractions was noticed among the patients with prostate cancer. However, a positive relationship was noticed between immunoexpressions of EGF-R and c-erbB-2 in prostate cancer.     

Alterations of serum cholesterol and serum lipoprotein in breast cancer of women

Fasting blood sample of 50 normal subjects (control) and 100 patients of breast cancer were investigated for serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol:low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio during breast cancer of women. Five cancer stages, types, age groups, parity and menopausal status were undertaken for the study. It was observed that there was a significant rise in serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significant. The ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol:low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein cholesterol values increased significantly in breast cancer patients.