交通运输专业应用型本科教学改革初探

中国高等教育改革步入深水区,地方性普通本科高校正面临应用型转型的难题。交通运输专业需明确本专业人才的规格要求,培养具备本专业特色的应用型技术人才。在此背景下,本文以同济大学浙江学院交通运输专业为研究对象,以分层化教学为入手点,探讨交通运输专业本科应用型人才培养的转型方案。在明确应用型人才的培养目标的基础上,首先梳理专业课程体系,突出其分层化教学特色,其次完善实践教学环节,加强实践能力培养,最后提出新的交通运输专业的应用型本科人才培养方案:提前必修课程安排,设置柔性化培养方案,引入工学结合的培养模式。     

国内外一流系统科学专业人才培养方案比较分析

人才培养方案既是高等院校人才培养目标、培养模式与培养标准的总体设计,又是高等院校进行教学、科研等学科建设的基本遵循。本文广泛调研了国内外一流系统科学专业,比较分析了其研究生人才培养的目标定位、优势学科方向、课程体系设置以及培养环节与学位标准,为国防科技大学系统科学专业研究生人才培养与学科建设提供借鉴。     

我国高等教育土地资源管理专业人才培养方案的对比及启示

本文通过文献查阅、网络查询及实地调研,获取国内部分高校土地资源管理专业的人才培养方案,对培养目标与规格、课程设置进行了对比分析,从人才培养目标与专业特色体现、课程设置与安排和实践教学设计三方面得出启示:认为石河子大学该专业在培养方案目标和规格方面上要凸显新疆地域特色,课程设置考虑考研和就业不同需求进行专业课模块分流,加大实践教学环节,以不断促进新办土地资源管理专业人才培养质量与水平的提升。     

应用化学专业人才培养的探索与实践

针对新近开设的应用化学专业的人才培养,进行了:面向产业培养应用型人才,优化人才培养方案;调研企业和社会需求,改革实验教学内容与方法;加强实训教学,培养应用化学专业分析检测能力和技术开发能力;校企结合认真实施校外实习等探索与实践.应用化学专业人才的培养质量得到保障并逐步提高.     

交通运输工程专业学位研究生培养体系探索与实践

本文对比分析了国内外专业学位研究生教育的差距,在对交通运输工程专业学位研究生培养现状进行充分调研的基础上,提出新型的适合交通运输工程学科的全日制专业硕士培养体系,详细阐述了对于培养模式的创新、实践教学创新、以及管理体制改革。     

应用型统计学专业人才培养模式的优化与实践——以嘉兴学院为例

在广泛调研和综合分析的基础上,对嘉兴学院统计学专业人才培养模式进行了优化,包括正确定位、合理确定人才培养方案、优化课程体系、建立一体化实践教学体系,以提高学生的综合应用与社会实践能力,培养统计学专业高素质复合型人才.     

交通运输专业教育教学改革的分析与探讨

文章对交通运输（汽车运用工程方向）专业的人才培养模式、课程体系建设、创新素质教育等方面进行了分析。提出交通运输专业人才的培养必须与我国交通运输发展趋势对人才的要求相适应,＂厚基础、宽口径,增强能力、有所特长＂是交通运输专业的办学宗旨,设置合理的课程体系、尽快改革教学手段和教学方法是交通运输专业得以发展的根本保证。     

交通运输工程专业学位研究生培养体系探索与实践

本文对比分析了国内外专业学位研究生教育的差距,在对交通运输工程专业学位研究生培养现状进行充分调研的基础上,提出新型的适合交通运输工程学科的全日制专业硕士培养体系,详细阐述了对于培养模式的创新、实践教学创新、以及管理体制改革.     

高职船舶电子设备与通信专业人才培养方案研究

为了培养当代船舶电子设备与通信技能型人才,体现现代高等职业教学特色,探索高职船舶电子设备与通信专业人才培养方案具有十分重要的作用。渤海船舶职业学院根据调研结果,对人才培养模式、教学模式、课程模式、教学团队、实训基地建设和评价体系等方面进行了探索性研究,据此制定了人才培养方案,并在船舶电子设备与通信专业试行,取得了一定的成效。     

制药工程本科专业人才培养模式研究

通过对制药工程专业本科人才培养、课程建设、教学实践进行了广泛调研与深入思考,根据医药工业发展的要求和制药工程专业的培养目标,结合我省医药工业发展现状和我校办学条件,在创新人才培养方案、课程体系改革、实践教学课程设置、专业教材编写与实践教学基地和师资队伍建设等方面进行了大胆改革与尝试.构建具有我校办学特色的制药工程专业人才培养模式,并加以完善和优化,培养社会急需的制药工程专业高素质人才.     

Supposer et postuler pour produire des connaissances scientifiques: une évidence ou une conquête théorique? Une étude des points de vue d'étudiants

Résumé De manière générale, l'évidence sensorielle et, plus particulièrement, visuelle constitue pour les étudiants le principal fondement du savoir scientifique: nul besoin de supposer pour connaître, tout est donné ou presque. Du point de vue de l'enseignement des sciences, cette croyance à saveur réaliste est particulièrement critique, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à penser que les concepts, lois et théories scientifiques procèdent d'un monde de matérialités plutôt que d'un monde de modèles et de relations. Au cours d'une recherche effectuée auprès d'un groupe-classe de 35 étudiants durant douze semaines, nous avons pu observer que, pour la majorité des étudiants, la compréhension du caractère construit et consensuel du savoir scientifique était facilitée par le développement d'une métaréflexion sur leurs propres productions de connaissance et les inévitables postulats et suppositions qui les fondent. Nous avons également pu observer qu'il découle de cette activité réflexive un modèle de science qui se distingue des modèles initialement tenus par les étudiants, par le pouvoir créateur et, surtout, le pouvoir de théoriser qu'il comporte: postuler, supposer, jauger collectivement de la plausibilité des résultats plutôt qu'en appeler à une instance occulte, voilà quelques-unes des conquêtes théoriques qu'ils ont effectuées et sur lesquelles nous allons nous attarder.

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Sensorial, and more specifically, visual evidence is generally regarded by students as the basis for scientific knowledge: no need to postulate to understand, all is almost or practically given. From a science-teaching standpoint, this rather realistic approach is critical and leads to the belief that scientific concepts, laws, and theories stem from a world of materiality rather than from a world of models and relationships. During a 12-week study a group of 35 college students, we observed that for the majority of them, the development of metareflection on how they produce knowledge, with the inevitable and inherent postulates and conjecture, facilitated their understanding of the constructed and consensual character of scientific knowledge. We also observed that this reflexive activity facilitated the development of a new approach to science that differed from those models previously used by the students in its creative potential and, more importantly, in the power of its theoretics: to postulate, suppose, and collectively estimate the plausibility of results rather than calling up occult instances. These and other theoretical achievements will be discussed in this paper.

     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relations Among Professional Development,Educators’ Beliefs and Perceived Skills,and Response-to-Intervention Implementation

ABSTRACT

Professional development is a critical systems-level intervention thought to facilitate Response-to-Intervention (RtI) implementation. The current study examined the relations between professional development, educator outcomes, and problem-solving implementation within an RtI framework using growth curve modeling. School leadership teams from pilot schools (n = 34) participated in 3 years of training. Pilot schools also received job-embedded coaching. Comparison schools (n = 27) provided a referent group. Results indicated that problem-solving implementation increased faster at pilot schools (β = 0.10, SE = 0.05, t = 2.03, p < .05). In addition, beliefs regarding data-based decision-making (β = 0.36, SE = 0.17, t = 2.13, p < .05) and perceived problem-solving skills applied to academics (β = 0.30, SE = 0.10, t = 3.07, p < .01) positively related to implementation. Implications include the needs to further explore professional development activities and for consultants to utilize evidence-based professional development principles when supporting RtI implementation.     

A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three-dimensional printed anatomy tools

Due to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41-item survey (five-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety-six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of $x$² (147) = 211.568, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.     

“Street Love”: How Street Life Oriented U. S. Born African Men Frame Giving Back to One Another and the Local Community

This Participatory Action Research (PAR) project worked with four active street life oriented U. S. Born African men, to document how a community sample of street life oriented U. S. Born African men between the ages of 16–65, frame and use “street life” as a Site of Resiliency (Payne, Dissertation, 2005; Journal of Black Psychology 34(1):3–31, 2008). Qualitative data was collected in the form of 20 individual and two group interviews. These data reveal an inter-generational, conceptualization and use, of the term “street love” in street life oriented U. S. born African men. Also, these data reveal that notions of “street love” extend out a critique of community professionals (e.g., community researchers/interventionists, social workers, etc.) as being unable and unwilling to produce “real help” in the local community. Examples of street love, revealed in the study, include the men offering advice/counsel, money or “free turkeys” during Thanksgiving to one another as well as other members of the local community. Results support Payne’s (2005) three-dimension conceptualization of “street love”: (1) individual, (2) group and (3) communal level expressions of “street love”.

Childhood disclosure of sexual abuse: Necessary but not necessarily sufficient

Prevention programs often encourage sexually abused children to disclose without fully considering the potential for adverse consequences. This study examined the impact of disclosure on abuse cessation and later adult symptomatology. A clinical sample of 301 adult survivors completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES/IES-R), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Participants were divided into 3 groups: Nondisclosure (n = 221), Disclosure/Abuse Ended (n = 25), and Disclosure/Abuse Continued (n = 55). Multivariate analyses of covariance, adjusting for abuse characteristics (age of onset, penetration, and number of perpetrators) and other trauma exposure, revealed significant differences in psychiatric symptom severity among the three groups, Wilks’ λ = 0. 95, F (6, 584) = 2.69, p = 0.014, η_p² = 0.03. Specifically, those in the Disclosure/Abuse Continued group scored significantly higher on the IES/IES-R Intrusion subscale (p = 0.04) and the BDI-II (p = 0.01), as compared to the Nondisclosure group. The Disclosure/Abuse Ended group did not differ significantly from the other groups. Results suggest that disclosure may be detrimental unless adequate steps are taken to ensure abuse cessation and appropriate treatment.     

Phase diagram estimation of the Al2O3-SiO2-Re2O3 systems

Nine limiting binaries of Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Re₂O₃(Re=Nd, Sm, Gd and La) system are assessed. The binary diagrams or experimental information from Toropov, Mizuno, Aramaki, Bondar, Rolin and Coutures are optimized with the substitutional model of Kaufman and Nesor and the approximate formula of fusion free energy for rare earth element oxides of Wu and Pelton. The extracted Gibbs free energies of pure solid oxides and stoichiometric phases and the solution parameters are used to estimate the corresponding binaries, liquidus surfaces and a series of isothermal sections of four ternaries Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Nd₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Sm₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃, and Al₂O₃-SiO₂-La₂O₃. In the Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃ system samples as fired at exact temperature with different compositions were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and the detected results are fitted with the calculation of isothermal sections. Supported by State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Micro-structure (9517 and 9708)