A Content Analysis of 3D Printing Policies at Academic Libraries

Many academic libraries are adopting 3D printing programs and researching, writing, and implementing policies for these programs. This article analyzes the content of 50 academic library 3D printing policies looking for commonalities. Five major themes emerged from the analysis: the policy's purpose, potential users of the 3D printers, 3D printing procedures, the acceptable uses of the 3D printers, and user privacy considerations. This article provides a breakdown of these five major themes.     

Criteria for the Selection of 3D Printers for the Purposes of their Implementation in the Activities of Academic Libraries

Printing in 3D in academic libraries has been implemented for over a decade, yet unfortunately, many academic libraries around the world, especially in developing countries, still do not see the need for 3D printers. The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for selecting the most appropriate kind of 3D printers for use in academic libraries. In order to achieve this objective, a review of the literature was undertaken to arrive at a set of criteria for the selection of these 3D printers. During the development of the article, the author used his own experience of working with 3D printing technologies in academic activities. Among the most crucial criteria for the selection of 3D printers are: functionality; usability; realization/interface; availability/distribution method; user manual; licensing practice; documentation; ease of personalization; ease of implementation; price/cost; reliability; opportunities; market penetration; community/support; device manufacturer; error/problem list; target; cross-platform; interoperability; modularity; DIY; safety; environmental awareness; usage/working range; practical application in a given library. The collected data can be of value to academic libraries facing the dilemma of trying to decide if they should implement 3DP and, if so, what criteria to follow for the selection of 3D printers.     

Congress as publisher: Politics,institutions, and policy

Since the beginning of the federal government, Congress has functioned as its publisher — the manager and director of government printing operations. Initially performed by private printers through lucrative contracts, production was statutorily vested in the Government Printing Office (GPO) in 1860 to assure efficient, economical, and quality printing. Over the past century and a half, however, changes in technology, law, and constitutional relationships have eroded arrangements for the public printing system. Information products printed by GPO in the past may now be agency-generated and made directly available to the public through agency Web sites or social media, with the result that congressional general management of the publication system is seemingly decreasing, at least in terms of GPO workload, publication accountability, and document sales. While it is unlikely that Congress will reduce or vacate its publisher capacity anytime soon, some adjustment of the scope of that role and related management capability may appropriately be in order.     

我国卓越大学联盟成员高校图书馆3D打印创客服务研究

提供基于3D打印的创客服务,并将其融入用户创新实践全流程,对于新时期高校图书馆培育用户创新素养、开辟新型学科交流模式、强化实践合作与成果分享具有重要战略意义。我国卓越大学联盟成员高校图书馆在3D打印服务内容、模式与保障等方面具有突出的优势:不仅提供与用户创新需求相契合的创客服务内容,而且广泛吸纳多元社会主体参与3D打印服务,打造可供用户进行经验分享与创新互助的创客空间。这为促进我国高校图书馆3D打印服务,实现高质量内涵式发展带来宝贵的经验和启示:通过完善多主体协同参与的服务模式,健全精细化、开放式与定制化服务内容,提供全流程、智能化的3D打印服务,使其成为高校双创工作的新动能。     

欧洲文艺复兴时期书面语言标准化进程的影响因素

文章旨在考察欧洲文艺复兴时期,活字印刷术的发明使用对欧洲民族书面语言标准化进程的影响。通过文献研究法从宏观角度考察这一进程后发现,活字印刷术的发明和使用是引发这场宏伟变革的原生力量,活字印刷对“字粒”最小分割的天然特性提供了最为直接的物质基础。在此基础上,印刷资本主义、人文主义印刷商、职业作家和校对员、方言版《圣经》以及广受认可的语法书等因素共同加速了这一进程。欧洲语言文化史的研究视角有助于揭示印刷媒介对欧洲文明进程带来的颠覆性影响。     

Private printers and the party press: What went on before the GPO

From the beginning of the federal government, Congress has produced a great deal of paperwork for which it has needed printers. Initially, it turned to private printers in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, who also produced newspapers that promoted the party in power, a system known as the “party press.” These newspapers also provided the first reporters of debate in Congress, and then collected and compiled the recorded speeches into the Annals of Debate, Register of Debates, and Congressional Globe. At the same time, each presidential administration usually had an “official organ” that carried its pronouncements in return for printing contracts. The old patronage system finally ended with the creation of the Government Printing Office and publication of the Congressional Record.     

Using 3D Printing to Enhance Understanding and Engagement with Young Audiences: Lessons from Workshops in a Museum

This paper details findings from a collaborative research project that studied children learning to 3D print in a museum, and provides an overview of the study design to improve related future programs. We assessed young visitors’ capacity to grasp the technical specificities of 3D printing, as well as their engagement with the cultural history of shoemaking through the museum's collection. Combining the museum's existing pedagogical resources with hands‐on technology experiences designed by Semaphore researchers, this study enabled both researchers and museum education staff to evaluate the use of 3D‐driven curriculum and engagement materials designed for children visiting cultural heritage museums. This study raises critical questions regarding the practicality of deploying 3D media to engage young learners in museums, and this paper illuminates the challenges in developing models for children to put historical and contextual information into practice.     

中国印刷图书文化的源与流

印刷术的发明有很深的渊源,并且有一个不断积累的由量变到质变逐渐完善的长期过程,其间很难划分出鲜明的分界时限。根据古代文献,结合近年来的考古实物发现综合考证,可以得出雕版印刷术产生于隋至初唐之际的结论。公元7世纪前期的佛像雕印是雕版印刷术的最初形式;8世纪大量出现的经咒印本标志着雕版技术已有长足的进步;9世纪图文并茂的整部佛经《金刚经》印本说明雕版印刷术已臻成熟。     

Introduction

ABSTRACT

Makerspaces and related concepts and technologies are currently the subject of much discussion in the library community, particularly among public libraries. One prominent technology often featured in makerspaces is three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this article the author describes a 3D printing service launched at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville's Lovejoy Library; the justification for providing the service in an academic library, equipment selection, procedures and workflow, and evaluation of the success of the service to date.     

基于Innography平台的核心专利挖掘、竞争预警、战略布局研究

介绍Innography专利分析平台在专利情报挖掘中的优势,以3D打印技术专利情报研究为例,揭示Innography用于专利情报分析的主要特点。通过Innography平台数据,制作专利诉讼案件列表、技术聚类图、专利技术生命周期和技术功效图等专利地图,并由此给出专利预警机制和技术动向,为进一步制定专利技术的战略规划和发展布局提供借鉴。     

From Novelty to Necessity

Abstract

Handheld computers are quickly becoming a ubiquitous tool in medicine. Factors that have spurred the rapid adoption of this technology in medicine include convenience and ease of use, mobility, and the enormous library of medical applications now available. Health sciences libraries in both hospitals and academic medical centers are actively promoting and supporting PDAs as a natural extension of their services. Medical libraries have quickly adopted this technology to deliver medical information in a non-traditional way. This paper discusses approaches being used to incorporate PDAs into library services and examines the impact of those approaches on the medical reference librarian.     

西文善本中的印刷纹章与版权意识

中国的雕版印刷以及泥活字、木活字技术由丝绸之路西传欧洲，1450年，德国人谷登堡在此基础上研制出金属铅活字机械化印刷技术。金属活字印刷使图书得以大量印刷发行，由此带来的经济效益引发了出版商的版权保护意识。早期西文善本中最能反映这一意识的是书中的“书末题属”和“印刷纹章”。本文试对早期西文善本的印刷纹章与版权意识做一粗浅的研究。     

Library as the Technology Hub for the Health Sciences

Abstract

Academic health sciences libraries have an important role in facilitating the use of technology in health sciences curricula. Serving as a technology hub, the library supports, advocates, and provides access to new technologies. The library introduces many faculty and students to new technology tools, techniques, and equipment for new multimedia creation. As the technology hub grows and expands, library personnel can provide expertise, which demonstrates the library's value in leading the exploration of new technology, including Do-It-Yourself multimedia tools, virtual reality, virtual anatomy, and 3D printing.     

循证医学与医学期刊的发展

阐明循证医学与医学期刊发展之间的紧密联系，为医学期刊如何实践循证医学提出了建议。     

Value Creation in the Publishing Industry: The Impact of Acquiring IT Services Firms Between 2002 and 2007

With the presence of online, digital content and new services for manipulating and searching it, printing and publishing firms may experience technological uncertainty and risk and diminishing profitability. Mergers and acquisitions are approaches for dealing with the current technology and market changes that are underway in the printing and publishing industry. Using an event study methodology and a sample of 60 U.S. printing and publishing firms, this study investigates the value creation of acquiring information technology (IT) services firms. The study's findings reveal that printing and publishing firms experience significant increases in their market values as a result of acquiring IT services firms. In fact, non-newspaper firms realize the largest increases in market value. The study's findings should help academicians and practitioners understand the kinds of strategic acquisitions from which printing and publishing firms are most likely to benefit.     

Environmental paper buying — best practice

In this article the environmental and commercial issues, which are an integral part of the need for, and practice of, recycling paper, are explored and explained. Although of particular interest to publishers, paper buyers and printers this is a subject that no one can afford to ignore.     

Evidence-Based Medicine and the Development of Medical Libraries in China

This article elaborates on the opportunities and challenges that evidence-based medicine (EBM) has posed to the development of medical libraries and summarizes the research in the field of evidence-based medicine and achievements of EBM practice in Chinese medical libraries. Issues such as building collections of information resources, transformation of information services models, human resources management, and training of medical librarians, clinicians, and EBM users are addressed. In view of problems encountered in EBM research and practice, several suggestions are made about important roles medical libraries can play in the future development of EBM in China.     

Evaluation of Touchable 3D‐Printed Replicas in Museums

The multisensory aspect of the museum, while neglected for many years, is undergoing a resurgence as museum workers have begun to push towards re‐establishing the senses as a major component of museum pedagogy. However, for many museums a major roadblock lies in the need to conserve rare objects, a need that prevents visitors from being able to interact with many objects in a meaningful way. This issue can be potentially overcome by the rapidly evolving field of 3D printing, which allows museum visitors to handle authentic replicas without damaging the originals. However, little is known about how museum visitors consider this approach, how they understand it and whether these surrogates are welcome within museums. A front‐end evaluation of this approach is presented, finding that visitors were enthusiastic about interacting with touchable 3D printed replicas, highlighting potential educational benefits among other considerations. Suggestions about the presentation of touchable 3D printed replicas are also discussed.     

临床医学期刊在健康科普中的作用

随着泛在网络时代的到来,新媒体已成为人们获取健康知识的首要途径;但当前网络健康知识来源芜杂,各种夸大甚至歪曲医学事实的报道层出不穷,健康科普的“含金量”亟须提高。临床医学期刊是权威医学成果发布和交流的重要平台,拥有由作者、审者和编者等众多优秀医学专业工作者组成的专家团队,具有天然的健康科普优势和媒体属性。《协和医学杂志》通过将医学论文科普化、捕捉新闻热点、培养科普人才、充分利用新媒体平台等途径,证明临床医学期刊有责任更有能力在健康科普中发挥重要作用。     

Dr. Howard A. Kelly's The Stereo Clinic: health science pedagogy and the egalitarian future of 3D clinical visualization

This article situates emerging three-dimensional (3D) visualization technologies in the health sciences within the broader historical context of the stereoscope. Although 3D visualization technologies enhance pedagogy and deepen student engagement, they are generally cost-prohibitive and therefore inaccessible for many institutions. In light of this issue, the authors consider the work of American gynecologist and founding member of The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, Dr. Howard Atwood Kelly (1858–1943). A monumental work, Kelly''s The Stereo Clinic is a multivolume publication whose focal point was the stereoscope, an image-viewing device that can be seen as a prototype for present-day 3D technologies. Each installment presents a step-by-step overview of a specific surgical procedure using a didactic narrative and corresponding stereoscopic images that illustrate the clinical practices. Significantly, Kelly understood The Stereo Clinic as an egalitarian project that provided high-quality educational resources to students and practicing physicians who did not have access to world-class clinical suites and teaching institutions. Furthermore, he viewed The Stereo Clinic as a remedy to the commonplace frustrations of medical education, such as crowded surgical suites, and the hazards of in-person observation. The Stereo Clinic is an important case study because it reveals a medical profession at the turn of the twentieth century preoccupied with 3D visualization. Inventive clinicians such as Kelly did not only advocate for this technology on the strength of its pedagogical value; they also articulated the equalitarian nature of this medium and produced 3D technology accessible to a wide audience.