信息通信技术(ICT)产业的标准竞争绩效与政府公共政策选择——基于信息通信技术(ICT)产业的视角

对于ICT产业,标准竞争成为企业竞争的主要方面。标准竞争对于提高消费者福利水平,促进技术进步具有积极效应,同时也具有一定的消极影响。政府公共政策主要作用于:强化市场竞争形成产业标准的机制;抑制"锁定"或"过度惰性"的负面影响;限制企业不合理的垄断行为;实施正确的知识产权保护政策和国际标准竞争政策,增强本国产业的国际竞争力。     

Information Technology (IT) enabled crowdsourcing: A conceptual framework

IT-enabled crowdsourcing is defined as technology-enabled outsourcing of tasks through an open call to the masses via the internet. Crowdsourcing is an IT artifact that has gone beyond the traditional boundaries of an organization to a much broader context. Over the past decade, research and practice on crowdsourcing have continued to grow, evolve, and revolutionize the way work gets done. Although numerous studies have been conducted in this area, our understanding of the main components involved in crowdsourcing processes remains limited. The goal of the current study is to conduct a structured literature review and synthesize the available crowdsourcing literature and applications in one coherent conceptual framework. The framework identifies the main elements involved in the crowdsourcing process and its characteristics. This framework extends the field of Information Systems (IS) and would help us better understand this phenomenon. Furthermore, the results of this study could potentially fill the knowledge gap in the crowdsourcing literature by identifying the main characteristics of a crowdsourcing process as a legitimate, IT-enabled form of problem-solving. Our results would also help organizations to leverage crowdsourcing more efficiently.     

Information ethics: On the philosophical foundation of computer ethics

The essential difficulty about Computer Ethics' (CE) philosophical status is a methodological problem: standard ethical theories cannot easily be adapted to deal with CE-problems, which appear to strain their conceptual resources, and CE requires a conceptual foundation as an ethical theory. Information Ethics (IE), the philosophical foundational counterpart of CE, can be seen as a particular case of “environmental” ethics or ethics of the infosphere. What is good for an information entity and the infosphere in general? This is the ethical question asked by IE. The answer is provided by a minimalist theory of deseerts: IE argues that there is something more elementary and fundamental than life and pain, namely being, understood as information, and entropy, and that any information entity is to be recognised as the centre of a minimal moral claim, which deserves recognition and should help to regulate the implementation of any information process involving it. IE can provide a valuable perspective from which to approach, with insight and adequate discernment, not only moral problems in CE, but also the whole range of conceptual and moral phenomena that form the ethical discourse.     

Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity

Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs.     

Web2.0技术视域下教育信息资源传播创新模式探微

Web2.0技术的出现使教育信息资源传播过程发生了巨大的变化。在分析Web2.0技术对教育信息资源传播过程的四个基本要素的影响基础上,针对传统教学环境下教育信息资源传播的基本模式进行了解读,进一步构建了Web2.0技术视域下教育信息资源传播创新模式,并对模式进行了详细的分析和解读,指出Web2.0技术下重新构建教育信息资源模式与教学结构的重要性。最后简单阐释了Web2.0技术的优点和对教育信息资源传播活动的影响。     

Information and communication technologies (ICT)-enabled severe moral communities and how the (Covid19) pandemic might bring new ones

In this study we present an autopoietic social systems model based on Collectively Prevalent Interpretants (CPIs). We adapt this model to represent and exemplify how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) may enable the emergence of severe moral communities. In particular, we argue that ICTs may help severe moral communities promote increasingly polarized, radicalized and even extremist viewpoints. We also discuss our propositions in the context of the current pandemic (caused by Covid19) and warn about the possible emergence of new and related severe moral communities. In an effort to help understand and manage the enabling role of ICTs, the study also presents recommendations for theory and practice, which may prove useful in advancing digital resiliency (by empowering individuals and communities to recognize when this may be occurring).     

基于AHP的虚拟团队信息沟通技术适用性研究

信息沟通技术的适用性是虚拟团队能否顺利完成既定任务的重要条件之一.采用层次分析法构建研究虚拟团队信息沟通技术适用性的层次结构模型,其目的在于评价虚拟团队采纳的信息沟通技术,为科学决策虚拟团队采纳信息沟通技术提供合理的参考依据,为提升虚拟团队的沟通效果奠定良好的基础.     

Institutional Environment and the Development of Information and Communication Technology in India

This article examines the impact of institutional environment on the growth of the Indian information technology (IT) industry. The study reveals that before the first generation of reforms, that is, 1991, the government was pursuing a structuralist approach toward economic development. After liberalization in 1991, the government embarked on pro-active economic policies for the diffusion and production of IT. Consequently, the IT industry experienced an unprecedented growth rate in domestic as well as export markets. However,foreign direct investment (FDI) policies have not been successful in attracting the desired level of foreign investment, which is very important for a high-tech sector such as IT hardware manufacturing. The study suggests that immediate corrective measures need to be taken to augment the IT manufacturing industry, which can significantly contribute to national economic development and employment generation.     

Participation in technology standards development: A decision model for the information and communications technology (ICT) industry

This study presents a framework to guide managers in the ICT industry in assessing the factors that inform the decision to participate in the development of technology standards. Using multi-criteria decision analysis and judgment data from panels of experts, a robust model is developed that comprehends the essential criteria and outcomes within the context of computer interconnect technologies. The resultant, generalizable model is validated against the case of the extant Universal Serial Bus (USB) interconnect standard and found to be congruent with the assessment of the experts.     

Beyond Interests, Ideas, and Technology: An Institutional Approach to Communication and Information Policy

This article examines the theoretical assumptions generally used in communication and information policy studies, and suggests that more attention to the institutional determinants of public policies is needed. The first part discusses three alternative theoretical approaches: the interest-group approach, the ideological approach, and the technology-centered approach. The second part outlines the conceptual tools of the new institutionalism approach and discusses its application for the study of regime change in telecoms and media. The third part presents an abbreviated example of such application to the case of U.S. spectrum policies and the licensing of digital broadcasting. The conclusion suggests new directions for research aimed at broadening the set of social actors participating in the global governance of new technologies.     

Beyond Interests,Ideas, and Technology: An Institutional Approach to Communication and Information Policy

This article examines the theoretical assumptions generally used in communication and information policy studies, and suggests that more attention to the institutional determinants of public policies is needed. The first part discusses three alternative theoretical approaches: the interest-group approach, the ideological approach, and the technology-centered approach. The second part outlines the conceptual tools of the new institutionalism approach and discusses its application for the study of regime change in telecoms and media. The third part presents an abbreviated example of such application to the case of U.S. spectrum policies and the licensing of digital broadcasting. The conclusion suggests new directions for research aimed at broadening the set of social actors participating in the global governance of new technologies.     

信息通信技术对国家创新能力的影响路径

在理论层面系统梳理了ICT对国家创新能力的影响路径,主要通过技术驱动、ICT人力资本积累和ICT公共基础设施建设三个方面来实现。并利用1997-2016年相关数据进行实证分析后发现：ICT公共基础设施建设对国家创新能力影响作用的独立性最强,即仅加强ICT公共基础设施建设便可直接有效地提升国家创新能力,而在技术驱动要素的协同下,这种促进效果会明显提升;技术驱动对ICT公共基础设施建设的依赖程度要大于对ICT人力资本积累的依赖程度;ICT人力资本积累必须与另外两个要素协同才能发挥促进国家创新能力提升的作用。     

日本信息通信政策研究及其对中国的启示(I)——日本信息通信政策的变迁

信息通信政策在信息通信产业的发展中起着重要的保障作用.本文界定了信息通信产业的基本内涵.按照时间顺序将日本信息通信政策的变迁过程分为形成、发展、调整和转型四个时期进行了较为详细的分析,探讨了不同时期日本信息通信政策的重点及特征,以期能为我国信息通信政策的完善和制定提供决策参考.     

Information ethics and the law of data representations

The theories of information ethics articulated by Luciano Floridi and his collaborators have clear implications for law. Information law, including the law of privacy and of intellectual property, is especially likely to benefit from a coherent and comprehensive theory of information ethics. This article illustrates how information ethics might apply to legal doctrine, by examining legal questions related to the ownership and control of the personal data representations, including photographs, game avatars, and consumer profiles, that have become ubiquitous with the proliferation of information and communication technologies. Recent controversy over the control of player performance statistics in “fantasy” sports leagues provides a limiting case for the analysis. Such data representations will in many instances constitute the kind of personal data that information ethics asserts constitutes an information entity. Legal doctrine in some instances proves sympathetic to such an assertion, but remains largely inchoate as to which data might constitute a given information entity in a given instance. Neither is information ethics, in its current state of development, entirely helpful in answering this critical question. While information ethics holds some promise to bring coherence to this area of the law, further work articulating a richer theory of information ethics will be necessary before it can do so.