Open-mindedness, Commitment and Peter Gardner

Against Peter Gardner, this article re-asserts a conception of open-mindedness as not requiring either the indecision or neutrality of persons concerning their beliefs, but rather a willingness on their part to form or revise beliefs in the light of evidence and argument. This conception, it will be argued, yields an educational ideal which is both important and coherent. It not only avoids the difficulties which Gardner sees as inherent in the promotion of open-mindedness in children, but also avoids some of the dangers implicit in his own view.     

Four Anxieties and a Reassurance: Hare and McLaughlin on being open-minded

In suppport of the idea that education should encourage open-mindedness, Hare and McLaughlin have argued that being open-minded about an issue, in a philosophically well-supported sense of 'open-mindedness', need not prevent one from holding a firm belief on that issue. In this paper I examine the lack of cohesion in this sense of 'open-mindedness', explain why I continue to be anxious about the tensions between open-mindedness and holding firm beliefs and present three further reasons for having reservations about Hare and McLaughlin's proposals.     

Open-mindedness in Moral Education: Three Contemporary Approaches

Abstract

Three fashionable approaches to moral education are examined to see how far they satisfy the ideal of open-mindedness. It seems clear that (1) values clarification, (2) situation ethics and (3) critical issues all seek to avoid indoctrination, and, in different ways, present an alternative to traditional moral instruction with its emphasis on absolute moral rules. In stressing the autonomy of the individual, in denouncing prefabricated rules, and in promoting discussion of vexed questions, a clear concern for open-mindedness can be detected. It is argued, however, that an inadequate account of open-mindedness pervades these approaches. Moral education would benefit from a positive account of open-mindedness. It is not enough merely to avoid the grosser forms of indoctrination.     

对潜在课程的四点思考

从潜在课程的属性、外在表现形式及与学科课程的关系等方面论述了潜在课程的本质特点、范围、与学科课程的结合，及在素质教育的全面实施阶段潜在课程的作用等问题，试图以此深入理解潜在课程及它的现实意义。     

与历史教学内容有关的四类问题

新的历史课程标准，在教学内容的选择上，坚持基础性和时代性，有助于历史教学目标的实现，但在实践中还存在一些不容忽视的问题，下面谈谈我在新课程听课过程中发现的几类问题。     

政治课教师的四种“功夫“

政治课课堂教学,教师应有理论联系实际的功夫;调动学习积极参与的功夫;创设教学情境的功夫;营造课堂氛围的功夫。     

教师叙事四问

时下,“教师叙事”之风正盛,许多期刊辟出专栏,供教师发表叙事作品。“校长叙事”“、名师叙事”的书陆续付梓。令人快慰的是,实践领域“沉默的大多数”发出了自己的声音,给充斥着概念、术语、政策口号的教育学书刊带来了清新的文字。本文旨在追问教师叙事是什么?教师叙事叙“谁”的事?教师叙事叙何事?教师叙事“真实”吗?从而廓清对教师叙事的基本认识。     

生活中的物理四则

生活中的有些现象是和物理科学分不开的,本文运用物理知识解释了生活中常见的几种现象.     

Four narratives about online international students: a critical literature review

In the current higher education context, offering online programmes is seen as an effective means to recruit more international students. However, supporting online international students studying at a distance is not a simple task for both universities and tutors. The problem mainly stems from a lack of theoretical understanding of online international students and their learning experiences. The present article, therefore, aims to address the gap, by systematically, yet critically reviewing relevant academic narratives about online international students. Our review reveals four types of narratives presented in the literature, describing online international students in particular ways: unspecified others with a rapid increase in their numbers, specific others with deficits, specific others as pedagogical resources and active participants in international learning communities. We discuss the merits and the drawbacks of each type of narratives for online educators seeking pedagogical suggestions about supporting online international students.     

《张垣诗坛》四论

以《张垣诗坛》创刊号和第二期为文本,对张家口诗词协会的创作实绩进行了评述,即创作队伍宏大多元,是构建地方和谐文化的生力军之一;诗作涌动着英雄与时代互动双赢的盛世气息;创作风格上更多地继承了宋诗传统,却也不乏唐诗风采;诗体上体现着对传统诗词的尊重热爱。     

优秀PS合成图片作品应具备的四个要素

图片合成作品是摄影师、后期编辑师的艺术创作成果,更是科技进步在摄影领域的应用成果。从传统的暗房合成,到现在流行的数码合成,技术进步起到关键的作用。艺术性是图片合成的灵魂,技术性是图片合成的手段。一幅优秀的合成图片作品,既要有完美的艺术构思,又要有精湛的技术手段,是技术与艺术的和谐统一体。笔者认为,优秀PS合成图片作品必须注重的四个要素是:整体构思与设计、合理选片与精心制作、不可轻略的制胜细节、恰到好处的技巧应用。     

Understanding Singaporean preschool teachers' beliefs about literacy development: Four different perspectives

Investigating teachers' beliefs may shed light on their activities in the classroom, and in turn, on the pedagogical process itself. It is, however, not easy to study teachers' beliefs empirically. Q-methodology has been used over several disciplines to systematically investigate individuals' points of view on a range of issues. A study involving Q-methodology was conducted in Singaporean preschools to investigate some teachers' perceptions of early literacy development and instruction. The study revealed four viewpoint groups among the 30 preschool teachers who participated in the study, and possible teacher characteristics that distinguish the viewpoints from each other. The results suggest that the differences in viewpoints are indicative of differences in cultural expectations held by various groups of teachers.     

Anxieties of Democracy and Education: Naoko Saito's American Philosophy in Translation

The article is an essay on Naoko Saito's recently published book American Philosophy in Translation. We attempt to draw out the central argument of the book as it moves through its eight chapters. The author finds that American philosophy, which she takes to be rooted in pragmatism, whilst it owes much to Dewey, needs to be reconstructed in order to meet contemporary political challenges, with their implications for political education. She asks questions such as what is the place of the tragic sense of life in philosophical thought? What is a philosophy of affirmation and chance? How are we to understand the significance of the untranslatable? What are these connections between transcendence, translation and transformation? More specifically, how are we to understand the distinction between philosophy in translation and philosophy as translation? And how does all this offer us new ways of thinking about the current state of democracy, political education and education more generally? One specific suggestion is that an education in foreign language can be transformative in terms of political education. The article concludes that Saito's project throws up some important ideas that are pertinent to our times. We question the central idea regarding language education, whilst we welcome this scholarly volume.     

关于四类函数的几个结论简

利用初等及组合方法对连续函数、单调函数、有界变差函数、绝对连续函数的关系进行了探讨．得出了绝对连续函数一定是有界变差函数,单调函数是有界变差函数,绝对连续函数一定是连续函数的结论．     

大学教师招聘“四问”

当前,我国高校的教师招聘应该强化岗位意识,实现由编制管理向岗位管理的转变;正确对待近亲繁殖问题,以岗位需求与人才质量决定取舍;破解“武大郎开店”问题,提高人才招聘质量;认清“校历主义”的实质,成为真正的伯乐而不是人才招聘的机器.     

关于陶澍所受的四次处分

据<陶文毅公年谱>记载,陶澍在担任两江总督期间受过四次处分,部议均为降级调用,宣宗一律改为降级留用,表明宣宗对陶澍十分器重.但对照<清史稿>有关篇章及陶澍<陶云汀先生奏疏>等文献考证,<陶文毅公年谱>关于陶澍受处分的记载存在错误.