优秀女子武术套路运动员专项身体素质指标体系研究

武术套路运动员专项身体素质对运动竞技成绩至关重要。通过运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、测量法和数理统计法对全国优秀武术女子套路运动员的专项身体素质指标进行专家访谈和统计筛选，并对指标的权重加以确定．最终确立我国优秀女子武术套路运动员专项身体素质指标体系，为今后运动员的运动训练及运动员选材提供科学依据。     

全国U-14田径后备人才身体条件及综合能力分析

研究采用走访和现场实测方法,对全国140名U-14田径后备人才进行了身体条件、身体素质和专项成绩等综合能力的测试与分析.结果显示,身高选材一项中男运动员较为理想;肢体形态结合专项特点选材总体上不够理想;男女短跨项目运动员身体素质发展正常,男子跳跃运动员素质好于女运动员;男女铅球运动员身体素质水平最差,速度和下肢力量素质整体较差;从单项成绩结合综合测试结果显示,存在着专项素质强而身体素质差的现象;三项综合能力分析反映出,被测对象中优秀人才比例偏低.     

少年儿童中、长跑运动员的科学选材

运动员的科学选材是培养高水平中、长跑运动员的关键环节,从少年儿童的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质、心理因素、专项成绩等方面综述了中、长跑运动员科学选材的标准,供广大教练员参考     

苏联的选材制度

<正> 苏联的选材方法虽然还很不完善,但他们已有一套连续多年精心筹划的选材制度。一、选材模式田径运动员选材均以各专项理想运动员的模式为基础。这种模式是根据大量国内外世界级优秀运动员的统计数据制定的,其中包括各年龄阶段各种成绩和机能参数及参数增长率。具体内容:人体测量、一般身体素质、专项成绩水平、专项身体素质及上述参数增长率等大量数据。二、选材体系 1.初选:在8—10岁的学生中进行,开始由小学体育教师通过一般观察来物色,然后进行一些简单的测定,包括:身高、体重;耐力;     

浅谈少年女子中长跑运动员选材模式

随着体育科学的不断进步，科学选材的重要性已被越来越多的教练员所认识。运动员的科学选材是培养高水平运动员的关键环节。可以说，好的选材是训练成功的一半。本人结合自己几年来工作实践，从少年女子的身体形态、身体机能、身体素质、心理因素、专项成绩等方面综述了少年女子中长跑运动员选材模式，使广大同行参考。     

110米高栏少年运动员的基础训练

110米高栏在田径运动中是难度较大的项目。它不仅对运动员的身体形态、各项身体素质和专项技术水平要求很高,而且还需要运动员具备坚强的意志和克服障碍的能力。因此,高栏运动员在少年期打好以上诸项基础是十分重要的。一、选材运动成绩的极限在很大程度上取决于运动员的形态机能特点。身材高大、腿长是高栏运动员最基本的形态特征,选材时应对这两个指标有所侧重。我们可根据遗传因子(男子身高遗传度为79%)、本人骨龄片及肢体各部分的比例来预测身高增长的大体范围,借助这些科学测试手段及数据,较准确地选出条件好的少年苗子。     

国际新规则下现代五项优秀选手选材指标体系的研究

为掌握现代五项国际新规则下项目发展趋势对运动员竞技能力要求的关键要素，科学建立形态、体能、技能、智能和心理为一体的现代五项优秀选手综合性选材指标体系，通过分析2017-2019年国际比赛中世界优秀现代五项选手的竞技成绩结构，结合专家问卷调查和相关选材指标统计筛选，研究发现：现代五项选材需要选择体能性项目游泳及跑射专项素质都较好的运动员，并注重考虑击剑相关的专项素质能力在选材指标体系中的权重比例。在分析和调研的基础上建立了生长发育、身体形态、生理机能、身体素质、专项能力、心理特征和教练员非量化评定等六大类现代五项综合性选材指标体系。结论：只有全面系统地分析国际现代五项优秀选手在新规则下的竞技成绩结构，掌握竞技能力构成要素，才能建立并不断完善现代五项优秀运动员的选材指标体系。     

短距离跑项目专项能力增长的年龄特征

短距离跑运动员专项能力的增长是有其年龄规律的,笔者试图通过对运动员多年成绩变化特征的研究,发现短距离跑运动员专项能力增长过程中某些年龄阶段的特征;从少年期结束到青年期初期的“过度阶段”(18～20岁)运动员能力增长速度的特征;以及达到最佳成绩的年龄结构特征,并在此基础上提出一些有关的参数,供教练员及科研工作者在进行选材预测、规划多年训练计划时参考。     

跳远运动员专项成绩与专项身体素质相关关系的研究

因为跳远运动员的专项成绩是由专项身体素质和专项技术决定的,因而专项身体素质在某种程度上决定了运动员的专项成绩。本研究通过对我国10名男子跳远运动员的专项成绩、专项身体素质以及下肢髋、膝和踝三大关节等速屈伸肌力矩等指标进行测     

影响铅球运动员专项成绩的素质评价模型

将数理统计的因子分析模型、回归分析模型应用于运动员素质的评价。将直接影响运动员专项成绩的身体素质指标建立了相关的数学模型，研究了各身体素质指标与专项成绩之间的相关关系，提出对青少年运动员应优先发展其速度素质、爆发力素质和灵活性素质，并给出了身体素质指标与铅球成绩的预测与控制方案。     

Childhood football play and practice in relation to self-regulation and national team selection; a study of Norwegian elite youth players

Childhood sport participation is argued to be important to understand differences in self-regulation and performance level in adolescence. This study sought to investigate if football-specific activities in childhood (6–12 years of age) is related to self-regulatory skills and national under 14- and 15-team selection in Norwegian elite youth football. Data of practice histories and self-regulatory skills of 515 youth football players selected at Norwegian regional level were collected and further analysed using multilevel analyses. The results revealed that high self-regulated players were more likely to be selected for national initiatives, and increased their involvement in peer-led football practice and adult-led football practice during childhood, compared to players with lower levels of self-regulation. While national level players reported higher levels of peer-led football play in childhood, the interaction effect suggest that the regional level players increased their involvement in peer-led play during childhood compared to national level players. In conclusion, the findings indicate that childhood sport participation may contribute to later differences in self-regulation, and highlights the importance of childhood engagement in football-specific play and practice in the development of Norwegian youth football players.     

完善儿少运动员训练体制是提升我国速滑整体水平的根本

我国竞技速滑由于存在训练组织管理体系的缺陷和项目发展战略的片面性,致使儿少速滑运动员的训练表现出急于求成,透支训练,成才率低,短距离项目强、长距离项目弱,总体水平不高等突出问题。认为各层面职能管理部门,应从教学、训练人员培训,训练大纲的制定与执行,儿少运动员多年、系统、基础训练体系的建立等方面入手,分别制订工作方案,构建有效的训练管理体系;建议工作在基层的儿少速滑运动员教练员深入认识多年系统合理训练是培养优秀速滑运动员的唯一途径,并在日常训练中加以贯彻。     

Age and sex differences in motor performance of pre-school Nigerian children

Differences in motor performance according to chronological age and gender of 341 young Nigerian children (ages 3 to 5) were examined. Motor test items designed by Morris et al. (1981) were administered to the subjects. Analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in the motor performance of the groups. In the whole sample, more age differences than sex differences in performance were noted. Except for the balancing and running performances of the girls, a fairly linear trend of improvement with age was observed in the motor performances of the groups. At each age level the boys consistently performed better than the girls in four of the six motor tests (catching, standing long jump, tennis ball throw and speed run). Generally, the 4- and 5-year-old children performed homogeneously, with a great disparity in performance noted for the 3-year-old children. The results of this study confirm that age and sex differences in motor performance occur at early childhood. Prospective studies should seek to control the extraneous factors which influence motor development and account for the observed differences in motor performance of pre-school children.     

Age and sex differences in motor performance of pre‐school Nigerian children

Differences in motor performance according to chronological age and gender of 341 young Nigerian children (ages 3 to 5) were examined. Motor test items designed by Morris et al. (1981) were administered to the subjects. Analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in the motor performance of the groups. In the whole sample, more age differences than sex differences in performance were noted. Except for the balancing and running performances of the girls, a fairly linear trend of improvement with age was observed in the motor performances of the groups. At each age level the boys consistently performed better than the girls in four of the six motor tests (catching, standing long jump, tennis ball throw and speed run). Generally, the 4‐ and 5‐year‐old children performed homogeneously, with a great disparity in performance noted for the 3‐year‐old children. The results of this study confirm that age and sex differences in motor performance occur at early childhood. Prospective studies should seek to control the extraneous factors which influence motor development and account for the observed differences in motor performance of pre‐school children.     

Effect of Exertional Trend during Cycle Ergometry on Postexercise Affect

Purpose: Improvements in motor performance and coordination may be impacted by the interaction of practice and organismic constraints. It has been proposed that these aspects of motor learning are achieved at a different time rate: first, during placement of the events (performance), and second, segmental spatiotemporal relationships (coordination). We focused on the acquisition of the longswing in high bar as one basic skill in gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine how longswing performance and coordination change to increase swing amplitude as age and expertise increase. Method: One hundred and thirteen male gymnasts were classified into 5 distinct age groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) on the basis of the national competition rules. Longswing performance (swing amplitude and event placements) and coordination (positive and negative areas in the continuous relative phase) were measured for each group. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that the adequate placement and coordination of the earlier events were achieved in younger groups (G1, G2), while later events and their coordination were accomplished by the older groups (G3 through G5). Conclusion: Our results suggested that the process of longswing acquisition, as age and expertise increase, follows a progression parallel to the temporal occurrence of the task events, instead of the proposed learning sequence of event placement first and then coordination.     

Sport event innovativeness: Conceptualization,measurement, and its impact on consumer behavior

Although scholars have had a long-standing interest in product innovation based on technological development, limited attention has been devoted to the study of the innovation of sport event experiences. Two quantitative studies, from the consumer's perspective, were completed to validate the proposed conceptualization of sport event innovativeness composed of six dimensions (player performance, respectful access, self-service technology, aesthetic environment, fan community, and loyalty program), and to examine the hypothesized relationships impacting consumer behavior. Including the dimensions of player performance, fan community, and loyalty program, extends previous research that has focused primarily on technology and process-based innovations. The results indicate the effects of the six dimensions on overall innovativeness are contingent on a consumer's age. The ideas merit further research with respect to formulating an explanation of what factors contribute most to connecting consumers to sport organizations through innovative sport event experiences.     

论当今世界级优秀田径运动员的年龄特征

本文运用文献法和数理统计法,探讨了当今世界级优秀田径运动员在亚类项群、亚类分组项目、专项和竞技能力归属阶段的年龄结构特征,旨在为田径项目的多年训练过程的合理规划提供理论依据。     

世界优秀男子田径运动员的年龄特征

运用文献法和数理统计法,探讨了当今世界优秀男子田径运动员在亚类项群、亚类分组项目、专项和竞技能力归属阶段的年龄结构特征,旨在为男子田径项目多年训练过程的合理规划提供理论依据.     

从十运会看我国田径发展现状

运用文献资料，数理统计和逻辑归纳法，对全国第10届运会田径比赛中886名运动员的年龄和各项目前8名成绩进行分析研究，找出我国目前田径运动发展体现出的特点和不足并提出合理化建议，对指导我国田径开展和可持续发展有着积极的参考价值。     

以项目本质特征为核心导向提升我国竞技体育训练科学化水平

项目本质特征是指运动项目在比赛规则的允许下,以获得最佳运动效益为目标,在生物力学、生物化学、运动生理学、运动心理学和运动智能学等方面表现出的主要特征。在我国的竞技训练过程中存在着“重形不重质”的问题。只有对项目本身内在的、微观的和动态变化的细节进行剖析,正确理解项目本质特征,才能不断提升我国竞技运动训练科学化水平,为提高竞技成绩提供理论依据。