高考体育特长生冬训阶段之要点探析

冬训是加强身体素质的综合训练阶段,全面发展基础训练,是冬训中的重中之重。在冬训中制定好一个完整的训练方案与计划,把握好训练的周期,精炼而不杂练,稳步提高各方面能力,体育特长生们才可发挥出最好的成绩。     

优秀竞走运动员江姗姗冬训训练负荷研究

冬训是全年训练周期中唯一不受竞赛期影响,可长时间进行系统训练的准备期,对于提高运动员竞技能力和运动成绩尤为重要。以优秀女子竞走运动员江姗姗为研究个案,运用实地调查法、数理统计法对江姗姗2020年冬训期训练情况进行梳理和总结,探析其冬训期训练负荷和生理指标变化的特点和规律,旨在为竞走项目冬训期科学化训练提供有益参考。     

青少年冬训期饮食营养特点

<正>不同训练周期的主要任务各不相同。冬圳期是提高能力的关键时期。冬训期属于准备期,一般从10月中旬开始,至春节前后结束。大多数教练非常重视冬训,希望通过完整的训练期,使运动员体能得以大幅度提高。冬训期的训练安排通常是训练量比较大,强度相对较小。     

冬训理论与实践的再认识

有关如何搞好冬训的理论和实践,似乎早已为人们熟知。但是,随着现代训练理论和实践的发展,人们开始对冬训的理论和实践产生了许多新的认识,从而使冬季训练的科学性也有了明显的提高。 对冬训的概念及时间学特征的再认识 传统的训练周期理论是建立在把年度训练看作是一个单一的大周期(即单周期)的基础上的,它是以运动员在一个年度大周期中竞技状态的形成与发展的规律为依据,以一年四季的自然时域迁移规律为参照系,结合一个年度中最重要的比赛所在的时域,进行阶段划分和训练安排的。因而,长期以来人们习惯于把一个年度大周期的训练过程按季节分     

抓好冬训工作之我见

<正>冬训是一个大周期训练中的重要准备部分,是贮备体能的一个主要环节。运动员能否在比赛期内取得优异成绩,此阶段的训练起着至关重要的作用。一、训练内容1.冬训期间的内容安排应着重于加强全     

备战第28届奥运会女子500 m计时赛综合攻关与服务

为中国国家自行车队8名女子500m计时赛运动员备战第28届奥运会进行了小周期训练结合生理生化监测。通过公路无氧阈强度训练,使国家队女子500m计时赛运动员有氧氧化酶的活性提高,血液与氧结合能力的代偿性增大,血液运氧能力提高。在训练期间,运动员着重进行了原地500m×4组耐乳酸训练,经过耐乳酸训练后,运动员血乳酸峰值明显提高。结论1)冬训中通过无氧阈训练可以提高自行车场地女子500m计时赛运动员有氧能力;2)耐乳酸能力的提高是女子500m计时赛运动员取得成绩的关键,良好的有氧能力和无氧能力是场地女子500m计时赛运动员必需具备的专项生理机能;3)在同样负荷的情况下,经过一个冬训周期的训练,女子500m计时赛运动员的血清CK值明显下降;4)由于耐乳酸训练强度大,冬训持续时间长,女子500m计时赛运动员疲劳有一定程度积累;5)应用无氧阈、耐乳酸训练、血乳酸、血清CK、UREA等生理生化指标对优秀女子500m计时赛运动员评定是可行的。     

运动训练中的科研监控与训练周期安排的研究

本对运动员在冬训周期的训练计划和科研监测的生化指标进行分析，为如何更加科学安排训练与促进科研与运动训练的结合做一探索性的研究。     

江西省优秀皮划艇运动员冬训前后两次最大摄氧量测试结果的比较分析

江西省皮划艇队备战第十一届全运会周期中,狠抓有氧能力训练,冬训前后两次最大摄氧量测试发现摄氧量水平有了显著提高,有氧能力有了长足进步.女子皮艇组提高幅度约12％,男子划艇组相对摄氧量达到67.7ml/kg·min,运动后乳酸清除能力也有了一定提高.说明整个冬训期间结合项目特点,围绕“无氧阈”强度安排训练起到了很好的效果,是一次成功的冬训.     

速滑运动员冰期训练前后下肢肌力的研究

速滑运动员一年四大训练周期,最重要的是夏训期(冰期前)和冬训期(冰期)。若两期身体训练抓不上去,肯定影响运动员比赛的成绩。只有不断地超负荷的训练,才能使机体不断的适应,提高运动成绩。长期以来,人们往往重视非冰期的体能测试,对冰期训练的体能测试指标及评定,未见报道。而冬训期又是各种大赛繁忙时期,若体能训练不足,将对运动成绩产生很大影响。这样,很难了解运动员各训练周期的训练情况。根据C_Y-bex6000型等速测力仪前期测定结果表明,冰期后肌力总体指标下降明显。这种降低是训练不足还是疲劳所致,至今尚无知晓。本实验目的是在了解不同训练周期对人体机能影响的基础上,     

除了马王王，又加了5个“重点”

从2008年12月28日开始,我们新周期的队伍集中,但具体哪一天开始冬训,哪一天结束。还没有定下来。这个周期里我们的主要任务是备战4月份的横滨世乒赛,所以冬训会一直持续到3月,然后进行封闭训练,之后就是参加世乒赛。奥运会后,运动员们就回各省市打比赛了,一直在外面漂着。我们教练组开了很长时间的会,现在开始就是2009到2012年的伦敦奥运周期,     

有关高原训练中强度训练问题的探讨

以我国体能类项目存在的问题为切入点,提出在高原训练中加强高速持续跑能力和冲刺跑能力训练的客观依据,使高原训练平原化,从训练理念上纠正因高原PO2降低带来的训练强度难以达到平原训练相似强度的观念,并在实践的基础上提出高原训练"耐力是基础,速度是关键,素质是保证"的总体思路.     

Strength training: isometric training at a range of joint angles versus dynamic training

Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18 - 30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles.     

间歇训练法在散打训练中的应用

介绍了间歇训练法的原理、功能及其类型、特点,着重从3个方面分析了间歇训练法在散打训练实践中的应用。     

Strength training: Isometric training at a range of joint angles versus dynamic training

Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18?–?30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles.     

Strength training

Introductory textbooks commonly state that Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are responsible for a reflex response that inhibits a muscle producing dangerously high tension (autogenic inhibition). Review of the relevant data from animal studies demonstrates that there is wide variability in the magnitude of, and even the presence of, GTO autogenic effects among locomotor hindlimb muscles, and that data on GTO effects under conditions of voluntary maximal muscle activation are lacking. A single available study on GTO function in humans, during a moderate contraction, surprisingly shows a reduction in autogenic inhibition during muscle‐force production. Further, it is not possible to find experimental evidence supporting the idea that strength training may produce a decrease in GTO mediated autogenic inhibition, allowing greater muscle activation levels and hence greater force production.     

Strength training

Literature concerning the theoretical role of spinal reflex circuits and their sensorimotor signals in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) muscle stretching techniques was examined. Reviewed data do not support the assertion commonly made in PNF literature that contraction of a stretched muscle prior to further stretch, or contraction of opposing muscles during muscle stretch, produces relaxation of the stretched muscle. Further, following contraction of a stretched muscle, inhibition of the stretch reflex response lasts only 1 s. Studies examined suggested that decreases in the response amplitude of the Hoffmann and muscle stretch reflexes following a contraction of a stretched muscle are not due to the activation of Golgi tendon organs, as commonly purported, but instead may be due to presynaptic inhibition of the muscle spindle sensory signal. The current view on the complex manner by which the spinal cord processes proprioceptive signals was discussed. The ability of acute PNF stretching procedures to often produce a joint range of motion greater than that observed with static stretching must be explained by mechanisms other than the spinal processing of proprioceptive information. Studies reviewed indicate that changes in the ability to tolerate stretch and/or the vis‐coelastic properties of the stretched muscle, induced by PNF procedures, are possible mechanisms.     

浅析念动训练在健美操教学训练中的应用

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、对比实验法针对念动训练在健美操教学训练中的应用进行对比实验,结果表明：念动训练这种心理学训练方法在健美操教学中具有优越性,对加深对动作的理解有着非常重要的作用,建议教师在健美操教学的各阶段中合理安排念动训练,提高教学效果。     

运动训练过程中若干训练理念甄别

采用文献研究法、比较分析法和逻辑分析法,对运动训练过程中训练理念的意义以及六对训练理念的本质和要求进行了甄别分析.研究结果表明:在专项化训练过程中,要提倡与运动员水平相适应的早期专项化,反对早期成人化;提倡高度专项化,反对全面专项化;在一定条件下提倡负荷专项化,避免专项负荷大量化;重视运动训练的全面化,更要重视训练的整体化.运动训练要在技术规范化的基础上发展个体化特点;在遵循训练原则的基础上,强化指标量化调控.     

浅论射击运动员在心理训练中注意品质的培养

注意是人的心理活动对一定客体的指向和集中,是一种不单独存在的心理活动,这种指向客体的稳定性、持久性、分配、转移、范围等指标,就是衡量注意的品质因素。一个优秀的射击运动员应具备良好的注意品质,注意品质是属于非智力因素的一种,也要进行艰苦、长期的训练,才能获得。     

对训练周期理论与板块训练理论的再审视

对训练周期理论和板块训练理论进行了比较后发现,两种理论的冲竞占、主要集中在高水平运动员是否适应新的参赛机制和高水平运动员专项能力提高的生物适应性以及训练理论模型适用的训练范围上;而对两种理论的辨析与思考,得出了训练理论与训练实践脱节的原因是训练理论模型的非真理性和训练理论模型的经验化。