变被动学习为主动学习

一位母亲从市场上买回一个菠萝,好奇的孩子被这个从未见过的东西吸引住了。这位母亲可能会有两种方式对待孩子的好奇:一种是告诉孩子“这是菠萝,它的外面很硬,有很尖的刺,你不要去摸它!它很重、可以滚动、可以吃、很香。”另一种方式是母亲告诉孩子“这是菠萝”,然后,就把菠萝放在孩子面前的地板上,自己先去把买回来的东西处理好。好奇的孩子一定会对这个菠萝“采取行动”,比如,他可能伸手摸了一下,又赶紧把手缩回来,并且对着妈妈喊:“妈妈,这个菠萝很刺手,我被它刺了一下。”妈妈回应:“是的,孩子,菠萝会刺手,不要紧的。”于是,孩子又尝试…     

谈如何指导学生学好数学

根据学生的学习任务、学习规律和学习经验,对学生数学学习提出基本方法原则,它是用来指导和改进学生学习,提高学习效率、质量的有效手段。     

“反思学习法”在历史学习中的运用

反思是创造性学习的一个重要组成部分，但却是当前学习中最薄弱的环节之一。“反思学习法”是通过学生对自己的学习实践活动的考察，包括对学习行为、学习情感、学习方法等过程的回顾、诊断，并进行自我监控和自我调节来达到对不良行为方法的改进和良好策略的优化，以提高自主学习能力与水平的方法。在新课程的实践中，笔者进行了“反思学习法”的尝试，形成了一些粗浅的认识，希望这些不成熟的认识有一定的借鉴价值。     

信息化学习方式的理论阐释

所有真正的理论都是实践的,所有的实践也都是理论的。真正的理论是能够指导和解释人类实践活动的,人的实践活动也都具有理论前提。因此,任何人类实践活动方式的进步都不是偶然的,都可以找到理论的出处,也都可以接受理论的解释。本文试图从理论阐释的视角来认识信息化学习方式,力图由此探视到存在于信息化学习方式背后的秘密。     

论网络环境下自主学习者需要具备的能力

自主学习是课程教学改革中极力倡导的一种学习形式,是当今世界学习理论研究的重要主题,是网络环境下学习者的主要学习模式。学习者要在网络条件下搞好自主学习,实现学习目标,就必须具备学习管理、学习技术、学习建构、学习选择、学习调控和学习评价能力。     

个别化学习及其模式的建立

论述个别化学习的基本涵义、重要意义，提出远程教育中可供选择的个别化学习模式。     

培养学生的数学自主学习能力

目前新课程实施已全两展开。学生自主学习能力培养日益重视。但在数学课堂教学中,一定程度上还存在着“以课堂为中心,以教师为中心和以课本为中心”的现象。忽视了学生的自主学习能力。娶改变现状,提高学生数学自主学习能力,教师必须解放思想,转变教学观念,重塑学生观,激发学生学习动机,培养和提高学生数学自主学习能力,从而真正让学生学会自主学习,成为学习的主人。     

对几种儿童学习方式的思考与辨析

机械学习与接受学习、探究学习与发现学习、研究性学习是几种重要的儿童学习方式。这些提法在本质上不尽相同,又有相通的方面,容易使教育工作者、研究者产生混淆。在概念层面上对其做辨析和澄清,有助于教师有效地组织教育教学,也有助于教育理论工作者、研究者进行更深入的研究和探讨。     

医学生学习现状调查分析——以四川某医学院为例

为了解医学生学习现状,结合学生在学习中遇到的问题,探究影响医学生学习的因素,文章通过文献研究分析法获得理论基础,将问卷与访谈调查相结合,深入剖析医学生学习现状.调查回收有效问卷372份,有效回收率97.9％,调研显示,不同年级、专业学生在学习状态、学习模式、学习工具使用等方面存在显著差异.研究发现,医学生学习频率随年级...     

Imagining, seeking, inventing: the future of learning and the emerging discovery networks

Extrapolating from current developments in the study of learning and imagining how learning might be shaped moving forward, this article considers 12 trends concerning the future of learning. Learning will become more diverse, more contextual, less discipline-bound, and less institutionally-bound. It will span professional and institutional sectors, and move beyond national borders. It will move increasingly online and extend beyond humans to encompass machines and machine/human blends. It will become more interactive, more distributed, and more biologically connected. Drawing on an understanding of these trends, new roles for teachers and for educational institutions are developed. The result is that learning is likely to occur through multiple discovery networks that blend research and teaching to address real world problems in environments supported by robust software infrastructures. Multiple nested discovery networks will operate on a global scale and be negotiated by individual learners sometimes guided by teachers. Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future—Niels Bohr The future is already here - it’s just unevenly distributed—William Gibson The best way to predict the future is to invent it—Alan Kay     

Knowledge utilization in the science of teaching: Traditional models and new perspectives

Abstract

This paper considers the nature of learning and the role of institutions in general and schools in particular in structuring learning. It outlines and commends a view of learning as a process whereby we discover ourselves as persons and thereby act to create the contexts in which we live and work. Central to this view is the idea of the ‘learning school’.     

Promoting self-sustained learning in higher education: the ISEE framework

To equip graduates with the capability to meet complex demands of work and life, it is important that higher education teachers engage students in self-sustained learning – the persistent, self-initiated pursuit of expertise development in one's subject area. This requires building a positive synergy between learning and teaching, which implies various potential difficulties for teachers. Based on a critical analysis of these difficulties, it is proposed that self-sustained learning can be nurtured when teachers activate a form of dialogic reflective practice that prioritizes students’ subject expertise development. Relevant strategies are suggested and potential difficulties in implementing them are examined. These strategies are synthesized as the ISEE framework: (1) employing Inquiry-based Scaffolding Tasks to motivate students’ learning interests and scaffold their progress; (2) encouraging Engaging Classroom Dialogs to help students’ development of subject expertise and an active learner identity; and (3) using Engaged Critical Reflections to build close and trusting teacher–student relationships.     

Influence of the Curriculum and Learning Environment on Group Learning Approaches Outside the Classroom

Case studies are presented of the out-of-class behaviour of two contrasting class groups of university students from departments with very different learning environments. One group displayed avoider behaviour, by working together to minimise the amount of work each individual had to do. The other class consisted of more coherent groups of students who socialised together and worked to reach a better understanding of conceptual material; we labelled this engager behaviour. The cases show that both the levels of social coherence of the groups and the out-of-class group learning approaches were strongly influenced by: the curriculum, the type of teaching, the nature of the assessment, the relationship between teachers and students, and the environment within the respective departments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

At the Interface of School and Work

The current emphasis that organisations are placing upon knowledge and the corresponding attention that workplace epistemological values are receiving within the educational community has resulted in an interesting convergence of discourses—school-based and work-based. Even as workplaces are tending toward abstraction over practice—based knowing, schools are being nudged into doing the reverse. The result of this ferment is that traditional barriers between these kinds of knowledge are being removed. As can be seen from workplace examples, it is possible for liberal learning to be in the service of instrumental ends. So too schools may come to see more clearly the value of situatedness and team-work in the transaction of liberal learning. More generally, we see also new possibilities for retreat from received views about the worth of practical knowledge.     

Perspectives into learning at the workplace

The article presents a thematic review of the recent research on workplace learning. It is divided into two main sections. The first section asks what we know about learning at work, and states four propositions: (1) the nature of workplace learning is both different from and similar to school learning; (2) learning in the workplace can be described at different levels, ranging from the individual to the network and region; (3) workplace learning is both informal and formal; and (4) workplaces differ a lot in how they support learning. The second section focuses on workplace learning that is related to formal education. Different models of organising work experience for students and the challenges of creating partnerships between education and working life are described. It is concluded that the worlds of education and work are moving closer each other and that the integration of formal and informal learning is an essential prerequisite for developing the kinds of expertise needed in response to the changes taking place in working life.     

新课程背景下改进学习规则的思考

学习规则的改进,是新课程实施至关重要的一环。教师要适应新课程的教学策略,找到“提高组织教学和引导学生学习的质量”的方法,为学生创设良好的自主学习情境,帮助他们树立主体意识,根据各自的特点和需要,调整学习心态和策略,探寻适合自己的学习方法和途径。     

Reconceptualise a dynamic framework of the learning constructs in higher education

This paper reconceptualised the interrelated learning constructs in higher education based on the Dynamic Systems Theory (DST). The university students' learning experience before, during and post the Emergency Online Learning (EOL) was investigated to explore the dynamic changes among the learning constructs in higher education. A case study of a Chinese university was conducted, and one hundred and ninety-three university students participated in the questionnaire. The data collected from this empirical research identify different hierarchical constructs of the conceptualised learning environment and reconceptualise the period of system reformation influenced by the EOL. The key findings include the identifications of the attractors and repellors framed by the DST and the impact on the changes in the learning constructs. The results of this paper contribute to further understanding of the university constructs' changes to better plan and support students' active learning in higher education.     

对大学生学习状况的调查与分析

对大学生学习状况的调查显示：大学生的学习责任感较强；学习动机比较实用和功利；学习兴趣浓厚但学习效率不高；学习活动的策略水平不高。为促进大学生学习，学校一要广辟途径，加强教育，防止学生学习动机的实用和功利倾向；二要明确内容，丰富形式，提高学习指导工作的水平；三要注重学习策略的形成。     

Effects of the inquiry-based mobile learning model on the cognitive load and learning achievement of students

The advancement of mobile device and wireless communication technologies is having a great influence on the design concept of learning activities. In this study, we attempt to integrate field study into the inquiry-based mobile learning model; moreover, a mobile learning environment that allows students to access both physical and virtual resources is developed accordingly. During the in-field learning activity, the mobile learning system is able to present the learning tasks, guide the students to visit the real-world learning targets for exploration, and provide them with supplementary materials via the mobile devices. The aim of this research focuses on the effects of this mobile learning model on students' cognitive load and learning achievements. The 51 sixth graders who participated in this research were assigned to an experimental and a control group. From the pre and posttests as well as the cognitive load questionnaire, it was found that the students who learned with the inquiry-based mobile learning approach had better learning achievement and less cognitive load than those who learned with the traditional approach. Therefore, it is concluded that the mobile learning model has positive effects on elementary students in local culture learning.