不道德的食品与食品的道德

食品安全与消费者的健康息息相关,因此社会对于食品有着特殊的道德要求。食品生产、食品监管、食品流通、食品销售任何一个环节如果违背了有关食品的道德,都可能产生不道德的食品。不道德的食品与食品生产者故意作恶、政府监管机构的共谋和消费者维权意识淡漠等密切相关。食品的道德应该包括生命价值、无害无毒与有益健康三个原则,其中生命价值原则是构建食品道德的绝对原则,无害无毒只是食品道德的消极原则,有益健康则是食品道德的积极原则,它们直接指向增进人类幸福这一终极目的。     

关于克隆人伦理论争的反思

现在,关于克隆人的争论聚焦于生命伦理基本原则上。主流的思想认为克隆人违反了生命伦理基本原则中的不伤害原则和尊重原则。但这种观点有以偏概全之嫌,对克隆人技术的用途应区别对待,有些会违反生命伦理基本原则,但如果把成熟的克隆人技术作为一种辅助生殖手段用于满足不育夫妇生儿育女的需求,并不会违反这两个伦理原则。     

建构现代科技发展的伦理原则

科学技术对现代社会的发展发挥着不可估量的作用,对科技发展的伦理反思和伦理原则的建构是科学技术健康、可持续发展的保证。建构现代科技伦理原则应包三方面的内容:功利效用原则、社会正义原则和生态和谐原则。功利效用原则是对科学技术满足人类生存与发展需要的正伦理价值的坚持和弘扬;社会正义原则既是对科学技术正面伦理效应的积极保证,也是对科学技术负面伦理效应的有效规约;生态和谐原则是科学技术的发展要促进人类社会与自然环境的持续和谐发展。     

人类中心主义与生物学教学

人类中心主义作为人类的自体原则，是人类社会最基本的价值选择。生物学教师可在教学中从自我生存状态、人的类本质及生态伦理等角度出发，结合相应的生物学问题，适当突出一些相对人类中心主义的思想教育内容。     

试析市场经济的三个基本道德原则

市场经济道德规范体系的基本框架应由三个道德原则构成：自利利人原则是市场经济的道德基石；公平原则是市场经济最基本的游戏规则，它依靠一国的法治来建立和维护；人道主义原则不仅已具有相当的社会基础，而且作为人类道德理想追求正在越来越多地融入经济伦理之中。     

朝向共同体的后人类快乐伦理——布拉伊多蒂后人类伦理研究

后人类快乐伦理关乎人类共同体,但又远远超过人类这一物种,趋向更为广大的生命共同体。布拉伊多蒂以新斯宾诺莎主义活力物质一元论为哲学基础,以普遍生命力的整体性为基本原则,提出一个由人类和非人类、生态基础和技术中介的共同物质构成生命共同体的大胆理论架设。在一个充满了负面恐慌情绪的时代,她以行动主义的姿态,提出超乎人类单纯物种、趋向生命统一体的后人类快乐伦理。这一伦理观念倡导平等、积极、喜悦、肯定、和平和可续性,探求集体主体的快乐本质,以及各主体间强化合作、增强潜能的实现路径,倡导将负面影响进行积极转化以创造未来,彰显了后人类伦理的肯定、创造、联合与转化的特性,并导向新的生命共同体的质的飞跃。     

“三生教育”的生态伦理价值取向

对人类生存状况的现实关照及对人类命运的终极关怀使“三生教育”具有鲜明的生态伦理价值取向,突出表现为敬畏生命的生态伦理情怀、可持续发展的生态伦理原则与和谐生活的生态伦理诉求。“三生教育”是教育本质的回归,生态伦理是对生存危机的积极回应,两者的殊途同归,反映了当今时代对超越现代性、重构“精神家园”的渴望与人类文化前进的新方向。     

可持续发展环境伦理的基本原则探析

可持续发展环境伦理的基本原则是科学发展观的重要内容.它的核心强调人类在追求生存与发展权利时应保持与自然或生态资源的和谐关系,强调当代人在创造和追求当今经济发展与消费时应承认并努力做到使自己的机会与后代机会均等.本文认为,可持续发展环境伦理的基本原则主要表现为:经济公平、生态公平与伦理公平相结合的全面公平原则;经济效率、生态效率与伦理效率相统一的综合效率原则;经济和谐、生态和谐和社会和谐相贯通的互动和谐原则.     

科学知识与生态伦理的耦合：文化进步的合理形态——阿尔贝特·史怀泽哲学的文本解读

文化进步的合理形态是:科学知识与生态伦理的有机耦合.科学知识的单向度增长并不代表文化进步本身,而只不过是人类的"天真"从"幼稚"走向"深刻"而已,必然给人类带来灾难性的后果:加剧"人-自然"与"人-社会"关系的紧张;消解人的主体性、创造性和否定性维度.克服科学知识异化的最好办法便是以"敬畏生命"的伦理精神作为科学知识的航船之舵,从而使科技非理性主义理性化,科学知识人性化、科学进步伦理化和科学知识的潜在威胁虚无化.只有树立敬畏生命的伦理信念,人类才能从消极自我否定转变为积极的自我肯定,科学知识和人的价值才能得到真正的实现,伦理学史上的"不对称"与"后果论"问题才能得到真正的扬弃.     

教育研究过程中的伦理问题初探

确立科学研究的伦理原则是为对科学研究过程展开反思提供一种基本的价值根据和伦理坐标。研究伦理学普遍强调的伦理原则是自主、不伤害、有利、公正。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.