On Canadian’s Multiculturalism in the Late 20th Century

In 1971 the government of Canada adopted the policy of multiculturalism. Since then Canada has become the first western country to announce and implement an official policy of multiculturalism. While i...     

On Realities of Canadian Multiculturalism

Canada is a multicultural country which was mainly established by immigrants.Just because of that,Canadian government has carried out the policy of multiculturalism since1970s.However,it has encountered many problems such as policy conflicts,national identity,democracy-inquiry and racial discrimination,etc.Hence the Canadian multiculturalism has been in a dilemma.     

A critical reading of multiculturalism in English language teaching and learning

Multiculturalism becomes the buzzword in educational fields. The implication of multiculturalism is critically examined to appreciate its relevance to English language teaching. Critical multiculturalism is advocated whereby L2 learners need to examine how social and historical discourses construct their identities and have a critical reflection about the discourses＇ power/knowledge and social impact. Viewing language and culture as artificial systems with ideological dominance, critical multiculturalism leads to a critical pedagogy to negotiate, reverse and resist such ideological dominance. Critical multiculturalism enables L2 teachers and learners to create, maintain and transform language uses, hence their identities and social realities.     

Analysis on Major Selection and Employment Situation of Minority Students

In recent years,due to the impact of university increase enrollment policy,the slowdown of global economic growth and other factors,the Students face employment pressure has become a general social problem.And minority university students have a huge disadvantage in employment direction compared with the other ordinary university students.Exploring the ways of minority university students’employability and major selection capability are helpful to find targeted solutions and it has impor tant practical value.     

Changes of tolerance of China’s English language policy from the aspect of English borrowing into Chinese

In recent years, because of the ’open-door’ policy and the increasing role of English as a global language, increasing numbers of English words have been absorbed into Chinese by both direct and indirect borrowing. This article is explored to discuss the way of English borrowing into Chinese and how the changes of China’s English language policy have been made.     

The social causes for improving innovation

Innovation and ralated economic and social categories have been at the centre of policy discussions on the future of Chinese economy and society.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate three macro-causes on a extent cause of the term innovation.Many experts have discussed how to inprove the innovation of people,especially on specific fields.This paper is to discribe the macroscopical function of economy and the government of improving innovation.     

用一生交换

Everyone has those unforgettable memories they will keep for a lifetime. I've been to many places, from my motherland China to the other side of the world like Canada. But despite all the exciting travelings and all that, I moved back to China in the end, to attend high school. But in my heart, for some reason, Canada was the place I loved the most. Some people might just ask: Then why not go back to where you love? Well... I can't explain it in one sentence, but in a nut shell, you could say that it's a "made-up-my-mind, won't-regret-it" and because "I have to stay with wherever my family takes me" kind of thing. 　　……     

阅读特训营

Spinners of Steel1 High above the streets in many cities men are at work. Up and up they go as they spin their web of steel beams and girders. Few dare to do this work on high steel.The Mohawk steelworkers are among the most famous of these men.2 The forefathers of the Mohawk settled in Canada when it was still ruled by France.lt seems that these Indians have always been surefooted.More than a hundred years ago an English     

An Analysis on the Differentiation between Diglossia and Bilingualism

Despite a hot and sensitive topic in China,the practice and education of bilingualism has been misunderstood in some areas because people have little sense of it.This paper is to differentiate the diglossia and the bilingualism to make it clear that it is important and necessary to put into practice the bilingualism and bilingual education in parts of China.     

IDMI analysis of regional low-carbon development based on system dynamic simulation

During the decision-making process, especially in multi-disciplinary complex cases, assessment technique is needed to assist policy-makers in making the right decision. Many of such assessment techniques have been developed for policy-makers, but the inevitable subjectivity of policy-makers often becomes the main obstacle in making the right or proper policy. Interlink decision-making index （IDMI） is a newly proposed assessment method with the advantages of being simple to use and having less human interference over other methods, as it does not require a weighting process of each selection criterion. This paper implements IDMI to assist with decision-making in national or regional low-carbon development, using China as a case study. The Chinese government has annotmced its carbon emission reduction target along with other development targets by 2020. Many policy settings can be chosen in order to achieve those targets. The problem is how to determine the best setting and the means by which decision-makers can avoid subjectivity and extremes. A number of policy setting options are generated carefully by a system dynamic model under different policy scenarios. The IDMI demonstrates a perfect way to assist in selecting the ＂best＂ among all the options that can achieve the goals within the acceptable range.     

加拿大多元文化政策缘起之新探

加拿大多元文化政策的完整内涵是双语框架下的多元文化政策。其特别的内容特征折射出加拿大复杂的族群关系和政治难题。加拿大版本的多元文化政策是加拿大联邦自由党总理特鲁多基于自己的政治理念,为应对魁北克政治分离主义的挑战并谋求最终化解这一政治难题而出台的战略国策。移民族群和原住民在加拿大多元文化政策的出台中所起的促动作用,不宜过分夸大。     

Public Education and Multicultural Policy in Canada: The Special Case of Quebec

Education is a provincial responsibility in Canada, but there is a sharing of expenditure and strong support of public education, health and other welfare programs between the provinces and the federal government. Although the federal policy of multiculturalism has been aimed at making Canada a just society, the implementation of this policy in education in English-speaking Canada has been far from satisfactory, and there is great variation among the provinces in educational programs. In Quebec, the federal policy of multiculturalism is ideologically opposed to the vision of French-Québécois nationalism. While the federal policy of intercultural education has made some attempts to integrate immigrant populations, the focus remains on linguistic programs. In facing the dramatic changes driven by internationalization and a globalized economy, Canadians must respond – so the conclusion of the present study – to the urgent need to redefine the meaning of multiculturalism with radical educational programs.     

加拿大华文教育的发展现状与主要问题研究

在多元文化主义政策的推动下,加拿大华文教育取得巨大的发展,体现在公共教育体系、华文学校、孔子学院等各种教育形式中。在其快速发展的同时,也存在着经费、教师、教材、教学等方面方面的问题。但在国内国际两种有利环境的推动下,加拿大华文教育必将克服阻力,获得更好的发展。     

多元文化与民族认同

通过多伦多和蒙特利尔两个城市的多元文化实践的案例研究,讨论了加拿大的多元文化政策及其成功经验和失败教训。关于民族认同,有必要在差异和趋同之间保持一定张力;关于民族政策,有必要在柔性和现实之间保持某种平衡。中国的民族问题和国家认同问题实质上也是一个多元文化问题。加拿大的成功经验和失败教训对我们面对和解决当前的问题有重要的启示意义。     

Pre‐service teachers explore cultural identity and ideology through picture books

This paper draws on early data from a cross‐Canada research project in which researchers at six Faculties of Education have been engaged in introducing picture books with multiple and diverse representations of Canadians to classes of pre‐service teachers, inviting them to explore the pedagogical possibilities of the picture books and to discuss their cultural identities in focus groups and interviews. The paper reports the participants' expressed understandings of multiculturalism and their own relations and experiences with it, as well as their thoughts on classroom implementation of curriculum that incorporates picture books with multicultural and diversity themes. The paper also includes a case study of one Canadian province to further explore the wider context of pre‐service teachers' understandings and ideologies by examining discourses in policy and practices in Newfoundland and Labrador.     

魁北克问题与加拿大多元文化主义的缘起

加拿大是一个多民族和多文化国家。多元文化形成过程既造成了加拿大文化丰富的多样性未来,同时也产生了不同文化间的矛盾和冲突。20世纪60年代,随着魁北克问题①的凸显,魁北克走上了脱离联邦的道路。为维护民族间的和谐与国家的统一,加拿大政府宣布实施多元文化主义政策。     

Multicultural education,gender and social justice: liberal feminist misgivings

This chapter argues the need to acknowledge the limitations of multiculturalism in approaching social justice in South African education, in the face of the understandable post-apartheid enthusiasm for multiculturalism. Examining policy documents and public discourse about the concept and implementation of multiculturalism as well as the concept of culture itself, the authors raises a tension between multiculturalism, on the one hand, and the frequently proclaimed policy goals of promoting a non-sexist order and of teaching critical thinking in a culture of human rights, on the other. Indeed, it is suggested that an uncritical enthrallment to multiculturalism is more likely to prejudice the education of girls by preventing a critique of oppressive practices that undermine their interests and rights. While the political liberalism that preoccupies political philosophy in the West offers little guidance on dealing with difference to countries like South Africa, the emergence of a liberal universalist feminism offers greater scope for educational intervention against oppressive practices wrongly defended in the name of multiculturalism.     

What's missing? Anti-racist sex education!

Contemporary sexual health curricula in Canada include information about sexual diversity and queer identities, but what remains missing is any explicit discussion of anti-racist sex education. Although there exists federal and provincial support for multiculturalism and anti-racism in schools, contemporary Canadian sex education omits crucial anti-racist work, and foundational anti-racist education frameworks are silent about the sex education curriculum. To show how race is discussed in sex education, a content analysis based on a keyword search of Ontario public secondary school health provincial curricula and federal sex education policy was conducted. English language curricula created within the same nine-year range (1999–2008) were selected from Ontario and Canada to maximise the congruency of politics and country of origin. Content analysis findings point to major deficiencies and provide the basis for future anti-racist sex education policy recommendations. As anti-racism critically examines the institution of education, and sexual health curricula are an increasingly politicised example of potentially transformative education, anti-racism must be incorporated into future sex education work.     

变化和挑战：多元文化与澳大利亚政体

澳大利亚是一个多元文化的国家吗？作者认为,在某种程度上澳大利亚是一个＂既多元文化又欠多元文化＂的国家。文章从人口统计、移民模式、语言、定居点模式和政策领域五个方面切入,分析了为什么我们不应该认为澳大利亚是一个多元文化的国家;然后用五个理由阐释了为什么我们仍然应该视澳大利亚为一个多元文化的国家。在谈及多元文化的五个关键要素中,着重探讨了澳大利亚政体对多元文化的影响。最后,作者希冀能保持和捍卫澳大利亚现今的日常多元文化。     

论加拿大双语问题的历史、现状与趋势

加拿大是一个多民族多文化的移民国家,英法双语特色是其文化多元性的一个重要表现。本文简要地回顾加拿大双语问题的几个历史发展阶段,论述加拿大政府制订的双语政策及其相关法令的变革,分析双语问题的现状,并对双语问题今后的发展趋势作出推测。