WOMEN AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE NETHERLANDS

This is a summary, written for CEPES, of the background paper prepared for the study conference “Women and Higher Education” organized by the Study Centre OTO, October 29‐30 1980 in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands.

The article summarizes the principal currents of discussion in the Netherlands pertaining to the question of women in higher education, and draws an analytical picture of major obstacles encountered by women in Dutch higher education.     

ROMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD

Romania has a long tradition of higher education, one which was stifled during the period of communist rule from 1948 to 1989 and is now, during the period of transition which began in 1990, beginning to re‐emerge. The system is confronted with shortages of academic personnel in a number of fields and with the financial inability to offer academic staff proper salaries or even to finance much needed improvements in infrastructure. The system, which used to be completely public, is now confronted with the mushrooming of private universities of dubious quality. The system of assessment and accreditation of the new institutions, both private and public, is described, as is the development of national standards for a final licenta ^{1 1} This degree/diploma, similar to the French licence, is the first degree/diploma of long‐cycle undergraduate higher education that is awarded in Romania. View all notes examination. The hope is that these and other reforms coupled to an annual expenditure of at least 4 percent of GNP on higher education will lead to steady improvement in the output of Romanian higher education institutions.

     

美国营利性高等教育的特征

过去,教育与营利似乎是一对相斥的概念教育属于公立机构,通过政府财政预算获得经费,而营利活动则属于企业行为。在新的经济和社会环境下,这种格局开始发生变化,一方面部分大学组织的性质发生了变化,营利性机构渐渐涉足过去公立机构的职能范围;另一方面公立大学不再完全依靠政府拨款,开始向学生收取学费,并且从事一些营利性的活动。《民办教育促进法》在制定过程中,也无法绕开教育与营利性这对矛盾。为了解决《教育法》对教育机构属性的规定与现实情况之间的矛盾,《民办教育促进法》对于教育机构的营利问题进行了模糊处理,“合理回报”就是妥协的结果。目前人们在“教育产业化”认识问题上依然存在着较大的分歧。在国外虽然没有“教育产业化”这样的提法,但遇到的问题却是相同或相似的,因此高等教育市场化、商品化、私有化等是学术界十分关心的问题。特别是营利性高等教育机构的出现和迅速发展,更引起人们的高度关注。为此,本刊特别组织了这次笔谈,邀请国内外研究者分别从各个角度发表自己的看法。     

EXPENDITURE ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN AUSTRIA

The level of public expenditure on higher education has been the subject of considerable public debate recently in Austria. The following information, concerning this problem, is based on a statement by Dr. Hertha Firnberg, Federal Minister for Science and Research of the Austrian Government.     

高职院校学生德育工作雏议

加强高职生思想道德建设的方式要宽领域、多渠道。全校各部门、各方面要把学生思想道德教育贯穿到各自工作的全过程,形成思想道德教育的合力,齐抓共管,常抓不懈。真正实现"教书育人""管理育人""服务育人"的教育宗旨。培养一代优秀的高职生,必须坚持两手抓:一手抓专业文化基础理论、专业技能的提高;一手抓思想道德素质的提高。只有坚持两手抓,才能达到全面提高,从而加快学校事业发展的进程,保证社会主义建设后继有人。     

高校创新人才培养模式的探索与思考

构建高校创新人才培养模式,应树立科学的办学理念,突出培养大学生的创新能力和个性特点,使高校成为创新人才的培养基地.     

试论普通高校课程网络化

普通高校课程网络化是指在校园环境下通过网络课程的设计、开发与实施,使教学过程在时问和空间两个维度得到充分的延展,从根本上改变现有教学组织形式,提高教学效果。从教学发展史看普通高校课程网络化对教学具有革命性影响,它具有研究优势、资源优势、自主优势和人力资源优势。高师院校应率先进行课程网络化的实践和研究。     

我国高等教育大众化道路上的公平问题研究

我国高等教育经过四十余年的曲折缓慢发展后 ,正快速向大众化迈进。尽管自新中国成立以来 ,公平原则就成为了发展大众高等教育的基本指导思想 ,但是 ,公平问题仍然严重地存在于我国高等教育大众化进程之中。城乡高等教育发展的巨大差距、不同社会阶层接受高等教育的不平等 ,地位、不同地区人口接受高等教育机会以及教育质量的差异、女性较男性接受高等教育的不利处境等已经严重地威胁到高等教育大众化目标的实现。大众化将由一个主要以解决处于优势社会地位人口群接受高等教育的问题的阶段转变到一个主要以解决处于弱势社会地位人口群接受高等教育的问题的阶段。这是一个困难更大的阶段 ,是一个攻坚阶段 ,政府在这个阶段所发挥的作用至关重要 ,直接关系到高等教育大众化目标的全面实现