NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATORS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

The professional development of college and university administrators is a problem which receives attention in many discussions on the policy and planning of higher education. In this connection we give below information based on an article by Charles F. Fisher, Director of the Institute for College and University Administrators of the American Council on Education.     

ENROLMENT TRENDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

A statistical report, “The Condition of Education 1976”, prepared by the Planning Office of the US National Centre for Education Statistics and submitted to the Congress of the United States in March 1976, also analysed the developments in US higher education concerning: - present and projected educational attainment of the labour force

- enrolment in higher education and its pattern

- age structure of students in US higher education institutions.

Data on these problems, presented mainly in graphical form, serves as the basis for the information below.     

FEDERAL POLICY AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

A new federal policy for higher education in the United States may be formulated in the coming months. Below we give extracts from an article stressing responsibility of US higher education to affirm the aims of education in the changing economic and political situation, written by Professor Norman Birnbaum, of Amherst College, Massachusetts.     

xTHE QUALITY MOVEMENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Writing at a time when applications of Total Quality Management (TQM) in higher education in the United States are in great vogue, the author reminds the reader that TQM is only one of many management strategies that over the years have had their periods of popularity. Strategies come and go. Usually a hot strategy is in vogue for no more than seven years; then other ideas come into vogue as other ways of getting the quick fix are tried. Other strategies in competition with TQM in the United States include outcomes assessment, Deming's fourteen points, the Malcolm Baldridge Award, the ISO 9000 series, restructuring, re‐engineering, and performance indicators. American higher education institutions will probably have recourse to more traditional models than TQM for creating change in the future.     

THE UNITED STATES: DEVELOPMENT OF THE TWO‐YEAR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

In recent years, the development and continuing growth of two‐year, colleges have altered the traditional pattern of higher education in the United States. At the same time there is a substantial change in the age pattern of people going to colleges.

The information presented below reflects these developments.     

UNITED STATES: CREATION OF THE COUNCIL FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Seven major United States higher education associations are Charter members of the US Council for International Co‐operation in Higher Education (CICHE) whose objective is to encourage international educational collaboration between US higher education and the higher education communities of other countries. The creation of the Council has been recommended by the study “International Linkages in Higher Education Feasibility Study”.

We give below information on this study and the main task of CICHE.     

TRENDS IN ADMISSION POLICY TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Higher education has been identified as an important social institution because of its formative effect and its influence on social, political, and economic development. Moreover, it is the major means by which upward social and economic mobility is achieved. In this context, the admissions process is recognized as a major link between higher education's social responsibilities and its educational goals, since the selection process is an important factor in determining the type and quality of education the student receives.     

A “CLEARINGHOUSE ON HIGHER EDUCATION” IN THE UNITED STATES

The ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education is part of the Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), which is the world's largest gathering and dissemination system of education literature. The ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education was established under contract to the George Washington University in September 1968. The information below explains the background and main activities of this institution.     

STATISTICAL REPORT ON UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION

A statistical report entitled “The Condition of Education ‐‐ 1977” prepared by the United States National Centre for Educational Statistics outlines the general climate of education in the United States, educational activities, institutions and participants. A unifying theme of the report is an examination of the levels of opportunity, participation and results of education among different groups of the United States population. A substantial portion of the report is devoted to trends in United States education as detailed in the information below.     

FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Future development of higher education is at present a widely discussed issue in the United Kingdom. This discussion was inspired to a great extent, by a paper “Higher Education into the 1990s: A Discussion Document” issued in February 1978 by the Department of Education and Science (DES) and the Scottish Education Department. (Editor's Note: The main part of this document was published in No.3, May‐June 1978, issue of this Bulletin).

The article presented below reviews prospects of future developments in higher education mainly of the university sector in the United Kingdom in the context of the above document. It is based on the Final Report of the Group on Forecasting and University Expansion established in April 1978 by the Conference of University Administrators (CUA). The Report draws attention to a number of matters which are either not covered or not developed in the Discussion Document. The Chairman of the group was Mr. M.L. Shattock, Academic Register, University of Warwick.     

ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The article describes the system of evaluation and accreditation of higher education which is being developed in Ukraine. Although the activities of quality control and accreditation are centralized around the activities of the Inter‐branch Accreditation Commission (IAC), the intention is to decentralize them as soon as possible. The results so far have been positive. The Ukrainian government wishes to create a higher education system fully compatible with the higher education systems of other European countries and therefore wishes to develop its evaluation and accreditation system in co‐operation with similar activities in other countries.     

试论普通高校课程网络化

普通高校课程网络化是指在校园环境下通过网络课程的设计、开发与实施,使教学过程在时问和空间两个维度得到充分的延展,从根本上改变现有教学组织形式,提高教学效果。从教学发展史看普通高校课程网络化对教学具有革命性影响,它具有研究优势、资源优势、自主优势和人力资源优势。高师院校应率先进行课程网络化的实践和研究。     

NON‐STATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The development of a market economy in Russia is greatly affecting the structural reform of education. One result is the establishment of non‐state educational institutions which are offering various types of higher education programmes and educational services. This short article describes the possible role of non‐state educational institutions as a part of the general higher education system.