美国大学“共治”结构中的教师评议会制度研究——以密歇根大学为例

美国大学教师评议会的发展是一个渐进的过程,在大学“共治”结构中,教师评议会占据重要的地位。具有立法、咨询与冲突解决功能。并已建立完备的组织制度。该制度在自身逻辑发展、组织制度安排及理念设定等方面都将为中国的大学教师参与大学管理带来启示。     

初中教师参与学校决策的问题与对策探析

<正>教师参与学校决策是学校制定决策的一种重要行为方式,是教师作为学校组织成员之一,将个人思想和情感积极主动投入到实现组织目标过程之中,与其他人员一起探索问题、制定备选方案、分析备选方案、选择最终方案的全过程。教师参与学校决策有利于实现学校管理的民主化和科学化,有利于提高教师工作的积极性和满意度,有利于提高学校决策的质量,有利于学校决策方案的有效执行,有利于优化学校整体的组织氛围。然而,根据对某市三所初中进行的问卷调查,当下教师参与学校决策的基本现状并非十分乐观,具体表现为实际参与学校决策机会很少,实际参与程度较低,与期望参与程度之间具有很大差异。基于此,作为学校发展的领导者和管理者,应逐步改善教师参与学     

冲突与合作:美国研究型大学教师评议会运作机制的案例研究

教师评议会是美国大学普遍设置的全校范围内教师参与大学治理的机构,东北大学是其中一个颇具特色的案例。透过该校校内各个群体对教师评议会的看法,理想状态下教师评议会的运作机制应是教师与行政人员之间既存在一定的建设性冲突,又互相合作。为此,我们需要重新认识教师评议会在美国大学治理中的作用及其在治理结构中扮演的角色,在现代大学制度建设过程中重视协调教师与行政人员之间的关系。     

美国大学评议会的有效性分析

作为美国大学治理的重要组织机构,大学评议会饱受诟病,缘于其有效性未能充分实现。而评议会有效性有赖于组织结构、组织文化和组织关系的整体优化和良性互动。唯其如此,才能使教师积极主动地参与到大学治理中去,以保证大学教师的权益和共同治理理想的实现。     

教师与管理者之间的冲突及其化解

我国学校的管理模式大多采用的是严密的官僚等级模式,强调上下级之间的服从管理。同时,学校又是以专业技术人员为主的组织,专业技术人员具有强烈的民主参与意识,愿意自我管理。这必然造成管理者与教师之间难以调和的矛盾冲突,主要表现为: 1.由工作目标引起的冲突。在学校,管理者都非常重视工作目标的层层设置。管理者的工作目标是学校某阶段要实现的结果。它体现了对每位教师的期望,是一种激励因素。但是,     

论美国研究型大学教师评议会与行政人员之间的权力制衡机制——以东北大学为例

权力制衡是美国研究型大学内部治理的重要理念.本文运用质性研究中的案例研究的方法,对东北大学教师评议会的权力和影响进行了分析,试图揭示美国研究型大学教师评议会与行政人员之间的权力制衡机制.目的是要探讨如何使行政人员尊重教师评议会的权威,发挥教师评议会的应有之义这一大学内部治理的核心问题,进而对中国大学的改革提出相应的启示和建议.     

美国高校协商治理中的教师参与机制及其启示——基于哥伦比亚大学的考察

美国高校协商治理体系由以校外人士为主导的董事会、以校长或校长办公室为主导的行政系统、以教师为主导的大学评议会(学术评议会)等组成。哥伦比亚大学协商治理中教师参与机制具有较强的典型性,其协商治理中的教师参与机制包括公共决策协商参与机制、日常管理协商参与机制、矛盾处理协商参与机制;协商治理过程中的教师参与程序包括提出协商主题、召开协商会议、推动有效实施等。当前哥伦比亚大学协商治理中教师参与的主要挑战是专业和职业发展的局限。借鉴美国的经验,中国需要从强化教师协商意识、提升教师协商能力及优化协商机制与程序等采取创新性举措,推进中国高校协商治理中的教师参与。     

论美国研究型大学教师评议会的创建——以波士顿学院为例

美国大学的教师评议会是与中国大学的学术委员会和教授委员会功能相似的组织机构。波士顿学院曾经在1968年创建过"大学学术评议会",但在1979年解散。2000年之后,部分教师积极呼吁恢复教师评议会,但行政人员对此予以坚决否定。通过质性研究,笔者发现行政人员、广大教师和部分AAUP教师对创建教师评议会持三种不同的看法。透过这三方的观点,我们可以更加深刻地认识教师评议会这一组织机构,并借以反思国内的学术委员会和教授委员会改革。     

大学合作学习中教师参与度对学习效果的影响研究

合作学习的理念和形式被大学教师广泛认同和采用。然而,大学教学中教师应该如何有效地组织合作学习,以怎样的身份参与到合作学习过程中存在疑问。本研究采用基于IIS图的信息流分析方法对三个教师参与情况不同的合作学习小组进行个案研究,发现教师完全参与的合作学习小组,学生学习深入、讨论聚焦、效果好。在教师作为管理者参与的小组,教师抑制了成员的自由发挥,学生学习不深入,讨论不聚焦;而教师不参与的小组,学生学习深度一般,讨论聚焦程度较差。据此研究者认为,大学教师组织合作学习时应更多地参与学习过程,并针对合作学习过程给出利于合作进行、知识建构的操作性指导。     

英国大学教师聘任制的现状与特征

英国的大学是独立的法人机构,自主管理,大学自主聘用员工。大学内部经营管理架构有多种形式,一般而言有董事会、理事会和评议会。大学校长由董事会任命。大学校长除了参加大学授予学位仪式等以外,对大学其他事项基本上不过问。副校长实际上是大学管理运营的最高负责人,也兼任评议会主席。大学教师不是公务员,由各大学的理事会负责聘任。大学聘任教师采取公开招聘的方式,要求申请者具有优秀业绩、取得专业学位及其教育研究经验。     

Faculty and Technology: Implications for Faculty Training and Technology Leadership

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting ICT adoption process and the implications for faculty training and technology leadership. Respondents represented a wide range of academic and professional positions. They identified themselves as Assistant, Associate, and Professor as well as Instructional Designer, Director of Technology, Information Manager, eLearning Manager, Assistant Department Chair, Associate Vice President of Academic Affairs and Consultant. The respondents identified Organizational Support, Leadership, Training and Development, and Resources as the predominate themes affecting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption process in higher education. Evidence from this study offers insights on how higher education administrators and technology leaders could help their faculty and staff to implement appropriate ICT tools and practices to improve student learning.     

University Faculty Attitudes on Affirmative Action Principles Toward Faculty and Students

Despite its relatively short history, policies connected with Affirmative Action have endured a controversial social, political, and legal past. Higher education has witnessed much of this controversy firsthand. Because the venue of many Affirmative Action battles has been waged within educational settings, faculty in higher education are uniquely positioned because they are integrally involved in decisions regarding faculty hiring as well as student admissions, particularly at the graduate level. Therefore, this study examined the attitudes of faculty toward Affirmative Action principles and reverse discrimination as they might apply to students and faculty colleagues, with particular attention to which concepts were more supported. Results from 428 faculty indicated general support for diversity, although specific concerns were raised regarding reverse discrimination and the appropriateness of targeting persons of color or women. The most favorable attitudes supported students with demonstrated financial need. Potential future approaches to Affirmative Action in higher education are discussed.     

Creating and Implementing a Faculty Interest Group for Historically Underrepresented Faculty

This article describes the creation and implementation of a faculty interest group for historically underrepresented faculty at a large, urban community college in the Northeast. Faculty interest groups provide opportunities for faculty across disciplines to meet to explore common interests and share concerns and best practices. The faculty interest group described in this article was designed to explore and address the challenges faced by historically underrepresented faculty and facilitate the process of attaining reappointment, promotion, and tenure. Nationwide, nearly half of community college students come from populations that are also historically underrepresented, and community colleges are challenged to recruit and retain faculty that mirror the student body. Research demonstrates that historically underrepresented faculty members enrich the overall education of all students, and yet a significant number of those faculty members describe their college campuses as unwelcoming. Factors that make campuses unwelcoming for these faculty include, but are not limited to, the following: isolation and marginalization; salary disparities; microaggressions based on race, gender, and sexual identity; heightened visibility; and additional role demands. Community college administrators ought to be concerned with historically underrepresented faculty members’ satisfaction and persistence on campus because these faculty members are vital members of the academy. Faculty interest groups for historically underrepresented faculty may provide the support and professional development opportunities that will ensure their retention and success in academia.     

Faculty development

Summary In an arena known for its emphasis on research and publication, the College Teaching Workshops are a refreshing change. The value of quality teaching has been validated by the popularity of and demand for these faculty development activities. For additional information about the College Teaching Workshops, contact the Center for Instructional Services, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.