国际旅游服务贸易比较优势动态演进及中国贸易平衡贡献

旅游服务贸易是发达国家与发展中国家共存的典型产业,掌握其比较优势分布格局有助于为缓解国际贸易发展不均衡寻找新的突破口。因此,本文以23个发达国家与28个发展中国家为研究对象,根据2000—2018年各国旅游服务贸易相关数据,利用显示性比较优势指数、净出口显示性比较优势指数以及其变动幅度与变动方向,对比分析发达国家与发展中国家旅游服务贸易比较优势的差异与演变特点。结果发现：①在旅游服务贸易中高水平比较优势的梯队中,发展中国家的数量呈增长趋势,这说明发展中国家参与旅游服务贸易国际专业化分工的规模与层次均有所提升;②大部分发达国家与发展中国家旅游服务贸易比较优势呈“强者愈强,弱者愈弱”的动态演进特点,但仍有少数国家偏离此规律,如波兰、捷克等发达国家,以及中国、马来西亚、缅甸等发展中国家;③中国旅游服务贸易比较优势则呈明显的波动性下降趋势,并已进入比较劣势等级。进一步分析中国服务贸易各部门贸易平衡贡献指数发现,旅游服务贸易是影响服务贸易国际收支平衡最重要的部门之一。本文研究结论对于引导全球旅游服务贸易相对均衡发展、优化中国国际旅游资源配置具有一定的指导意义。     

我国旅游服务贸易国际竞争力分析

本文在横向比较我国旅游服务贸易十年相关指标的基础上,从贸易竞争力指数、国际市场占有率等方面与其他旅游服务强国进行纵向比较。通过比较分析发现,我国在旅游服务贸易上占有一定优势,具有一定的国际竞争力,但与其他旅游强国相比仍有较大差距。     

高铁时代湖北旅游服务人才培养机制探析

高铁时代,湖北旅游快速发展,旅游服务人才短缺、综合素养不高、人才培养错位、旅游相关人员培养不足等问题日益突出。探讨了政府引导、高校培育、企业内训、行业管理和人资公司服务"五位一体"旅游人才培养机制的构建与运行。     

旅游服务的市场营销化探讨

旅游企业是一种特殊的服务企业,旅游服务是一种特殊的企业服务行为,有其自身的特征和特点。本文在探讨旅游企业的行业背景,综合旅游服务的特征、特点和市场营销的基础上,论证旅游服务市场营销化的趋势与利弊。     

中职旅游专业实训基地建设中的问题及对策

随着我国经济的迅猛发展,也带动了旅游业的不断发展,所以现代人对旅游行业的需求也越来越强烈。而对于这种强劲势头的袭来,对于中职学校的旅游行业来说也是一大挑战,培养旅游服务人才以及其中的培训模式,出现了许多不尽如人意之处,实训基地建设更是摆在我们面前的一大问题,只有不断的改进我们的实训基地建设才能为中职学校培养旅游服务人才提供强大的后备力量。     

怀化自驾车旅游辅助支撑系统的建设研究

通过调查怀化自驾车旅游的情况,发现在怀化自驾车旅游辅助系统的建设中存在着基础设施和服务接待设施薄弱,旅游信息不对称,安全救援及安全保障不足,政府和行业管理制度滞后等多方面问题。结合怀化实际,从自驾游基础服务体系、信息服务体系、旅游服务体系等相关方面进行了建设方案的研究探讨,希望能为怀化自驾车旅游的进一步发展奠定基础。     

高职院校旅游英语教学存在的问题及对策

当前我国国内旅游业以其独特的行业优势得到快速发展,许多高职院校为适应社会对涉外旅游服务与管理人才的需要,设立涉外旅游专业,并开设旅游英语课程.如何搞好旅游英语教学成为高职院校英语教师面临的重要课题.本文从当前高职院校旅游英语教学存在的问题入手,尝试从教师、学生、教学等几个方面提出解决对策.     

武陵山区生态文化旅游业高质量发展探析——以鄂西“一州两县”为例

生态文化旅游业高质量发展对武陵山区经济增长起着非常重要的作用。以鄂西“一州两县”为例,已建成的特色运营模式及其促进生态文化旅游业高质量发展的对策成果可为其他地区提供参考。研究表明,武陵山区旅游业发展基础条件日趋完善,发展状况日渐良好,当下旅游业已成为地区经济发展的主导产业。但旅游业在发展过程中依旧存在区域旅游产业布局不尽合理、旅游产品供给多样化不够等问题,需从统筹谋划产业发展格局、融合旅游服务要素等方面出发,多方协作、齐头并进着力解决存在的问题。     

中澳服务业产业内贸易的影响因素研究——基于灰色关联分析

近年来,中国和澳大利亚两国间服务贸易迅速发展,特别是大量服务业产业内贸易的涌现备受瞩目。基于2001—2008年的相关数据,分析中澳两国服务部门产业内贸易发展水平和趋势,并利用灰色关联分析,对中澳人均收入水平、服务行业规模、货物贸易紧密度、服务行业贸易开放度的差异以及FDI等影响中澳主要服务贸易项(运输服务贸易、与教育无关的旅游服务贸易和其他商务服务贸易)产业内贸易水平的相关因素进行研究,发现人均收入水平差异是影响中澳旅游服务、运输服务产业内贸易的最重要因素,而影响中澳其他商务服务产业内贸易水平的最重要因素是服务规模差异。     

我国旅游服务业存在的问题及对策分析

国际旅游服务贸易业具有刨汇能力强、产业关联度高、就业吸纳能力强、能够促进世界政治、经济、文化交流等特点。本文首先总结了我国国际旅游服务业发展的主要特点,然后详细论述了我国国际旅游服务业在旅游资源整和、旅游环境等方面的问题,并在此基础上提出了我国国际旅游服务业发展的对策建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence