文明的冲突还是利益的冲突——浅析美国发动伊拉克战争的动因

美国反恐战争进行到第二阶段，锁定伊拉克为其军事打击的目标。美国绕过联合国发动的伊拉克战争对国际关系、中东地区格局产生了重大影响。“文明的冲突”论不能解释这次战争的动因。美伊战争不具备文明冲突的特征，传统的利益观仍是导致这次战争的主要原因。     

对伊拉克战争的政治军事分析

从政治和军事两个视角对伊拉克战争分析认为：伊拉克战争的性质与1991年海湾战争迥然不同；第六代战争初露端倪，震慑战初显成效；伊拉克战争是21世纪第一场“新帝国主义战争”．进一步强化了美国的单边主义和单极态势，多极态势在曲折中也有所强化，从而加剧了单极与多极之间的斗争和单边主义与多边主义之间的较量；伊拉克战争是美国“先发制人”战略方针的首次尝试，开创了“先发翻人”的恶劣先例，严重冲击了国际法体系的基础，损害了联合国权威，但联合国的作用依然不可替代；美国与伊斯兰世界的矛盾进一步激化；重划中东政治版图，加剧了中东局势动荡；导致大国关系的新一轮重组。     

中东困境——美国民主改进之殇

中东作为连接两洋三大洲之地,伊斯兰教、基督教和犹太教的源头以及世界石油的主要产地,一直是美国外交战略的重心所在。随着伊拉克战争的打响,布什政府开始在中东实行民主改造新战略。本文试分析美国在民主和平论外衣下的新干涉主义在中东政策的具体实施,并对美国在中东民主化进程扮演角色和实际效用进行批判。     

对伊战争,美国获得了什么?

伊拉克之战不仅开创了“先发制人”的先河,也在相当程度上冲击了现有世界秩序,并将对未来世界政治经济格局产生深远影响。虽然伊拉克战争已经尘埃落定,但是,围绕战后伊拉克重建、石油资源的争夺、霸权与反霸的斗争依然在进行着,并成为国际社会关注的焦点和热点。为此,本刊特邀请专家从多个角度解析战后国际格局和世界秩序的变化与走向、大国关系发展的趋势及中东战略格局的整合问题,扫描美国在这场战争中的得失及战争所带来的人道、环境和生态灾难。同时,阐明我国政府维护世界和平、反对战争的一贯立场。     

试析美国发动伊拉克战争的主导因素

从2003年3月20日美国向伊拉克首都巴格达发射一枚导弹到5月1日美国总统布什在林肯号航空母舰宣布战争结束,这场历时42天的伊拉克战争画上一个句号。而这场战争爆发的原因是多方面的,不仅是美国推行全球扩张战略的重要组成部分,也是出于对中东战略地位重要性的认识,但更为重要的是美国想控制中东的石油,以此与竞争对手打一场经济战,遏制竞争对手的崛起。可以说,美国是为了利益而战。     

关注美国全球战略

2004年的形势进一步表明，美国发动伊拉克战争在政治上有所得手，主要表现在两个方面：一是拔掉了萨达姆政权这个“钉子户”，为美国进一步控制中东扫清了主要障碍。与阿富汗战争的成果相呼应，美国控制欧亚大陆中部地区和世界战略弧形地带的战略意图得到实质性推进。二是伊拉克战争作为美国新保守主义战略的试验场，实际验证了美国靠强力推行单边主义和遂行“先发制人”的战略，     

不撤反增意为何?

美国总统布什于1月11日公布了“伊拉克新政”,核心是向伊拉克增兵,这与外界对美国可能从伊拉克撤军的猜测大相径庭。增兵计划的出台,是美国中东战略调整的重要表现,让伊拉克局势充满变数。伊拉克战争结束后,美国主导的伊拉克战后政治和经济重建举步维艰,安全形势日趋恶化。教派冲突愈演愈烈,爆炸和自杀性恐怖事件接     

战后中东,政治版图能否重组?

这场战争不仅改写了萨达姆及伊拉克国家的命运与历史,也将改定整个中东地区的政治版图。美国在开战之前就声称,它的目的是要为中东地区树立一个“民主”的样板,进而向整个阿拉伯世界实行民主辐射,整合整个中东地区和阿拉伯世界,为建立一个美国统治下的世界新秩序辅路。伊拉克战争轻易取胜,大大地振奋了五角大楼在中东地区推进民主的信心。对此,中东各国各怀心事。中东地区将陷入一种怎样的未来?这不能不引起人们的关注。     

冷战后大国中东石油之争与中国石油安全

冷战后，一些大国不顾美国霸权的威慑，竞相加入到争夺中东石油的行列。美国为了阻止其他大国获得中东石油支配权和萨达姆政权以“石油牌”抵抗制裁，发动了伊拉克战争。尽管美国与其盟国在中东石油利益上存在着竞争甚至冲突，但是有着共同的一致性利益。考察冷战后美国与世界其他大国中东石油之争及其互动关系，对于中国实施石油安全国际化战略具有启发意义。     

伊拉克战争后伊朗成为中东地区大国的机遇和挑战

伊拉克战争改变了海湾乃至中东地区的宗教政治格局,为伊朗在海湾乃至中东的崛起提供了机遇,但对伊朗来说,机遇和挑战并存,伊朗如何把握机遇和化解挑战将考验着伊朗领导人的智慧和魄力。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.