Best practices in electronic government: Comprehensive electronic information dissemination for science and technology

The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) has successfully reinvented the way in which DOE collects, organizes, archives, disseminates, and uses scientific and technical information in the performance of research and development (R&D). Through a suite of innovative Web-based products conceived and developed by the Department’s Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), information and resources resulting from the Department’s R&D activities, as well as worldwide information needed by the research community, are readily available to all users in a fully integrated E-Government environment. This suite of products is accessible publicly at <http://www.osti.gov>.     

A scale-independent analysis of the performance of the Chinese innovation system

In this paper we use scale-independent indicators to explore the performance of the Chinese innovation system from an economic and from a science and technology point of view, and compare it with 21 other nations. Some important developments in the Chinese innovation system, hidden by rankings by conventional performance indicators, were revealed. We find that gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) & gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP & POP (population) all exhibit strong ‘Matthew effects’, measured by their scaling factors. This means that the Chinese R&D intensity (GERD/GDP) and national wealth (GDP per capita) are growing significantly with the increase of the GDP. Also pairs such as citations & papers, papers & GDP, citations & GDP, and paper & GERD exhibit these ‘Matthew effects’. This observation points to the fact that in China scientific outputs and impacts are growing faster than economic growth and research investment. However, according to another scale-independent indicator, namely the adjusted relative citation impact (ARCI), China ranks on the bottom of the list, but the growth rate of the ARCI is the highest among these countries (comparing the periods 1995–1999 and 2001–2005). To sum up, we interpret these findings to mean that the scientific outputs and impacts of China show a real tendency of catching up with its economic growth. It is expected that with an increase of its GDP and R&D intensity China will show a sustained increase in indicators related to science and technology. Similarly, there are very strong ‘Matthew effects’ between the outputs of technology (patents) and economic growth and research investment. This means that the outputs of technology are expected to increase considerably with an increase of GDP and R&D expenditure. Furthermore, in the Chinese innovation system the government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) has a stronger non-linear impact on patent productivity than business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD). This shows that in China research institutions financed by the government play a more important role than enterprises.     

Israel's Information Retrieval Center for the Social Sciences:

This article describes the construction of a computerized database of R&D activities in the social sciences in Israel. The aims of this project are described, as well as the problems of constructing a database in a small country with special linguistic problems. The article describes the working procedures, the printed products, and the services offered by the Information Retrieval Center.     

专利分析评价指标体系的设计与构建

根据专利信息的特点,从指标设计、分类、构建等方面进行分析研究,初步建立专利分析评价指标体系,包括数量、质量、价值等方面的分析评价指标,以期对国家或地区或机构等不同主体的研发现状、研发效益、研发脉络与趋势、创新能力与竞争实力等方面进行专利角度的定量分析评估,从而为科技研发和决策管理提供支撑服务。同时也对指标利用过程中存在的问题提出建议。     

Libraries and the R&D strategy: a way forward

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Macro-level indicators of the relations between research funding and research output

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ABSTRACT

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