足球英语角

vivlan:There are more and more young players coming intoChinese Series a League.(现在在中国的联赛中出现了越来越多的年轻球员。) iclmes:RIght,the average age of players became so younger.(是的.球员有些太年轻化了。) vlvion:l think they have ablity to play there.what about you?(我认为他们足可以应4,-J~赛.你认为呢?) iames:No,but I believe they have the potential to be lhe greatplayers(是的.但是我相信他们有潜力成为伟大的球员。) vivian:They will bring along gradually(他们会逐渐地成长起来。) lames:H…     

网球英语(三十七)状态与火力

网球比赛中少不了描述状态、感觉和决胜力量的用语,下面就是几个常用的语汇: Momentum-原意为惯性、加速度,在各项运动中引申为比赛中的势头和感觉。当你在一场比赛中发挥极为出色时,一定有now I have momentum的感觉。 Edge-原意为边缘、锋刃,引申为优势、上风。曾有人在一篇报道中这样描述:Youknow where to find me,Hingis philes.But I give the edge to Venus.(我一向是辛吉斯的支持者,     

Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_re) attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a sepa...     

Epidemiology of insertional and midportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT) is a common problem among runners.There is only limited evidence for risk factors for AT,and most studies have not defined the AT subcategories.No study has compared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and midportion AT,though they are considered distinct.This study aimed to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from a large prospective cohort.The secondary aim was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional an...     

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers.Methods:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exer...     

足球英语角

Vivian:Do you know who is the coach of China national team?(你知道中国队的主帅是谁吗?)James:Yes,Ali Haan from Holland.He was one of mainpalyers of holland national team and a main backfilelder.(知道,是荷兰人阿里·哈恩,他年轻时是荷兰国家队的主力球员,是球队的主力后卫。)Vivian:It seems that you concern China football much.(看     

Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance.To better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms.However,there is c...     

Changes in ankle work,foot work,and tibialis anterior activation throughout a long run

Background:The ankle and foot together contribute to over half of the positive and negative work performed by the lower limbs during running.Yet,little is known about how foot kinetics change throughout a run.The amount of negative foot work may decrease as tibialis anterior(TA)electromyography(EMG) changes throughout longer-duration runs.Therefore,we examined ankle and foot work as well as TA EMG changes throughout a changing-speed run.Methods:Fourteen heel-striking subjects ran on a treadmill ...     

Impaired motor control after sport-related concussion could increase risk for musculoskeletal injury: Implications for clinical management and rehabilitation

This review presents a conceptual framework and supporting evidence that links impaired motor control after sport-related concussion(SRC)to increased risk for musculoskeletal injury.Multiple studies have found that athletes who are post-SRC have higher risk for musculoskeletal injury compared to their counterparts.A small body of research suggests that impairments in motor control are associated with musculoskeletal injury risk.Motor control involves the perception and processing of sensory information and subsequent coordination of motor output within the central nervous system to perform a motor task.Motor control is inclusive of motor planning and motor learning.If sensory information is not accurately perceived or there is interference with sensory information processing and cognition,motor function will be altered,and an athlete may become vulnerable to injury during sport participation.Athletes with SRC show neuroanatomic and neurophysiological changes relevant to motor control even after meeting return to sport criteria,including a normal neurological examination,resolution of symptoms,and return to baseline function on traditional concussion testing.In conjunction,altered motor function is demonstrated after SRC in muscle activation and force production,movement patterns,balance/postural stability,and motor task performance,especially performance of a motor task paired with a cognitive task(i.e.,dual-task condition).The clinical implications of this conceptual framework include a need to intentionally address motor control impairments after SRC to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk and to monitor motor control as the athlete progresses through the return to sport continuum.     

Systematic reduction of leg muscle activity throughout a standard assessment of running footwear

Purpose:This study aimed to investigate whether there is a systematic change of leg muscle activity,as quantified by surface electromyography(EMG),throughout a standard running footwear assessment protocol at a predetermined running speed.Methods:Thirty-one physically active adults(15 females and 16 males) completed 5 testing rounds consisting of overground running trials at a speed of 3.5 m/s.The level of muscle activity from 6 major leg muscles was recorded using surface EMG.The variables asse...     

S-asymptotically -periodic Solutions of R-L Fractional Derivative-Integral Equation

The aim of this paper is to study the S-asymptotically ω-periodic solutions of R-L fractional derivative-integral equation:is a linear densely defined operator of sectorial type on a completed Banach s...     

中国羽毛球队盛极而衰?

Eight years ago, coach Li Yongbo andhis players brought the world badmintontop honor - the Sudirman Cup to China,showing the world that China was at thetop of world badminton. Last March inEndhoven, the Netherlands, SouthKorea foiled China's bid for a fifthconsecutive world mixed teambadminton championship when theylifted the trophy with a 3-1 victory. Theusually over-confident Li had to admit:"China is no long the best, it is only oneof the best."却惟独没有令狐冲或者李寻欢那种出手就有的…     

从HIF-2a基因筛选HiHiLo实施过程中预测血象指标变化的分子标记

通过对HIF-2a/EPAS1基因多态性与HiHiLo训练前后血象指标进行关联分析,以期筛选预测HiHiLo实施过程中血象指标变化的分子标记.(1)对72名健康受试者进行4周的HiHiLo训练,在实验前后测量血象指标.(2)采用PCR-RFLP方法对HIF-2a/EPAS1基因多态位点进行解析.(3)对HIF-2a/EPAS1基因多态性与HiHiLo训练前后血象指标进行关联分析,探寻HiHiLo训练中评价血象效果的分子遗传学标记.结果发现:(1)WBC变化量在不同基因型之间差异存在显著性的趋势(P<0.10),M Retic#变化量差异存在显著性.(2)MCV、MCH变化量在rs6715787多态位点不同基因型之间差异存在显著性(P<0.01、P<0.05).结果说明:(1)HIF-2a/EPAS1基因 rs7598371多态位点与HiHiLo训练前后WBC和M Retic#相关联,可以作为HiHiLo训练中预测WBC和M Retic#变化的分子标记.(2)HIF-2a/EPAS1基因rs6715787多态位点与HiHiLo训练前后MCV和MCH相关联,可以作为HiHiLo训练中预测MCV和MCH变化的分子标记.     

Maximizing recovery time between knock-out races improves sprint cross-country skiing performance

Background:In a sprint cross-country(XC)ski competition,the difference in recovery times separating the first and the second semi-final(SF)heats from the final(F)may affect performance.The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of longer vs.shorter recovery periods prescribed between the 3 knock-out races of a simulated sprint XC ski competition involving a prologue(P),quarter-final(QF),SF,and F.Methods:Eleven well-trained XC ski athletes completed 2 simulated sprint XC ski competitions on a treadmill involving 4×883-m roller-ski bouts at a 4°incline using the gear 3 ski-skating sub-technique.The first 3 bouts were completed at a fixed speed(PFIX,QFFIX,and SFFIX)corresponding to~96%of each individual’s previously determined maximal effort.The final bout was performed as a self-paced sprint time trial(FSTT).Test conditions differed by the time durations prescribed between the QFFIX,SFFIX,and FSTT,which simulated real-world XC ski competition conditions using maximum(MAX-REC)or minimum(MIN-REC)recovery periods.Results:The FSTT was completed 5.4±5.5 s faster(p=0.009)during MAX-REC(179.2±18.1 s)compared to MIN-REC(184.6±20.0 s),and this was linked to a significantly higher power output(p=0.010)and total metabolic rate(p=0.009).The pre FSTT blood lactate(BLa)concentration was significantly lower during MAX-REC compared to MIN-REC(2.5±0.8 mmol/L vs.3.6±1.6 mmol/L,respectively;p=0.027),and the pre-to-post FSTT increase in BLa was greater(8.8±2.1 mmol/L vs.7.1±2.3 mmol/L,respectively;p=0.024).No other differences for MAX-REC vs.MIN-REC reached significance(p>0.05).Conclusion:Performance in a group of well-trained XC skiers is negatively affected when recovery times between sprint heats are minimized which,in competition conditions,would occur when selecting the last QF heat.This result is combined with a higher pre-race BLa concentration and a reduced rise in BLa concentration under shorter recovery conditions.These findings may help inform decision making when XC skiers are faced with selecting a QF heat within a sprint competition.     

Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.     

A physically active lifestyle is related to a lower level of skin autofluorescence in a large population with chronic-disease (LifeLines cohort)

Background:Physical activity(PA)has substantial health benefits and is important in combatting chronic diseases,which have been associated with elevated levels of advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs).AGEs play a role in the aging process,and an association between PA and AGEs has been reported.We aimed to investigate the relationship between PA and AGE accumulation in a general population and in a population with chronic diseases.Methods:This large cross-sectional population study used data from adult participants in the LifeLines project,with participant information drawn from the LifeLines database as well data from patients with diabetes mellitus or renal and/or cardiovascular diseases.Tissue AGE accumulation was assessed non-invasively by skin-autofluorescence(SAF)using an AGE reader(DiagnOptics Technologies BV,Groningen,the Netherlands).PA was assessed using the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity(SQUASH).Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,body mass index,sex,and smoking status.Results:Data from 63,452 participants(general population n=59,177,chronic disease n=4275)were analyzed.The general population was significantly younger(43.58±11.77 years,mean±SD)and had significantly lower SAF(1.90±0.42 arbitrary units(AU))compared to the population with chronic disease(age:55.51±12.07 years;SAF:2.27±0.51 AU).In the group with chronic disease,more hours of moderate to vigorous physical activities per week were associated with lower SAF(β=-0.002,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.002 to-0.001).For the general population,there was no association between hours of moderate to vigorous activity and SAF(β=3.2×10^-5,95%CI:0.000-0.001,p=0.742).However,there was an association in the general population between total hours of PA per week and SAF(β=4.2×10^-4,95%CI:0.000-0.001,p<0.001),but this association was not found in the chronic disease population(β=-3.2×10^-4,95%CI:-0.001 to 0.000,p=0.347).Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that an inverse relationship exists between PA and AGE accumulation in the population with chronic disease.More hours of moderate to vigorous activity is associated a significantly decreased SAF.More PA is associated a lower SAF,even after for the established predictors(age,body mass index,smoking status,and sex).Our findings could help to promote health and prolong longevity.     

Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress injury.Runners encounter varied surface steepness(gradients) when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the gradient.This study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different gradients.Methods:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5...     

对陕西省女子举重运动员朱丁梅抓举技术的运动学分析

方法:运用高速摄相和三维运动解析的方法对运动员的抓举技术进行研究.目的:通过对运动员朱丁梅抓举技术的分析找出运动员技术上存在的不足并进行改进,帮助运动员取得更好的成绩.结果表明:(1)运动员膝关节角、髋关节角比较合理,在发力阶段伸髋不充分.(2)杠铃的运动轨迹偏向后方,没有呈现近似s型,运动员发力时有明显的后跳动作.(3)各阶段时间比和杠铃上升高度比整体较合理,精细化程度不够.结论:(1)发力阶段伸髋不充分影响了运动员的成绩.(2)两心向运动员后上方偏移,抓举技术动作不符合"近"的原则.(3)运动员在抓举90kg时过早发力,当杠铃高度达到最高点时杠铃在支撑点后方不利于支撑,导致后掉失败.(4)抓举的总体节奏较好但是精细化程度还不够.(5)对运动员的后跳动作不予以纠正.     

网球英语(四十八) 对付罗迪克

红土场地是罗迪克的死穴,职业圈已经形成一整套办法对付这位技术上有缺陷的高手。下面是一些有趣的词汇和用语: 1.Find a way to put his serve back in play:保证能把他发的球回过去2.Move him around,tire him out:调动他.体力上拖垮他3 Wait for him to either lose patience from the baseline or make his way awkwardly to the net before a volley is sprayed:等到他要么在底线失去耐心.要么笨手笨脚地上网把球打飞已经read the book(洞悉这一点)的人包括所有在红土场地击败过他的人,像阿卡苏索、格     

Land-walking vs.water-walking interventions in older adults:Effects on aerobic fitness

Background:Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk.Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals,but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking.This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups—a no-exercise control group(CG),a land-walking(LW)group,and a water-walking(WW)group—to investigate the comparative impacts of LWandWWto CG on fitness.Methods:Both exercise groups attended individually tailored,center-based,intensity-matched 3×weekly sessions for 24 weeks,which progressed to 150 min of exercise per week.This was followed by a 24-week no-intervention period.Maximal graded exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Weeks 0,24,and 48.Results:Maximal oxygen uptake increased from Week 0 to Week 24 in both exercise groups(0.57±0.62 mL/kg/min,0.03±0.04 L/min for LW;0.93±0.75 mL/kg/min,0.06±0.06 L/min for WW,mean±SE)compared to the CG(-1.75±0.78 mL/kg/min,-0.16±0.05 L/min)(group×time,p<0.05).Time to exhaustion increased significantly following LW only(123.4±25.5 s),which was significantly greater(p=0.001)than the CG(24.3±18.5 s).By Week 48,the training-induced adaptations in the exercise groups returned to near baseline levels.Conclusion:Our study supports current physical-activity recommendations that 150 min/week of moderate-intensity exercise produces improvements in fitness in previously sedentary older individuals.Also,LW andWW elicit similar improvements in fitness if conducted at the same relative intensities.Exercise-na?ve older individuals can benefit from the lower impact forces and decreased risk of falls associated withWWwithout compromising improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness.