Exploring the atmosphere with lidars

Lidar is a powerful technique for the study of atmospheric structure and dynamics. The spatial and temporal variability of minor constituents of the atmosphere such as aerosols, dusts, clouds, water vapour, and wind speed and temperature structure of the upper atmosphere can be studied using lidar. This article describes the basic principle of lidar operation, types of laser used for the remote sensing of the atmosphere and mechanism of scattering/absorption processes when the laser interacts with the atmosphere. Part 1 gives the basics and applications of lidar. Also, one type of lidar—Mie and Rayleigh lidar is described. S Veerabuthiran is working as a research fellow in Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum. His research involves the study of aerosols, dusts, and clouds in the lower atmosphere and temperature structure in the upper atmosphere.     

Exploring the atmosphere with lidars

In Part 1¹, we described the basic principle of the lidar (Light Detection and Ranging), the different scattering processes in the atmosphere and the Mie and Rayleigh lidars. In this part, we describe three other types of lidars: Raman lidar, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and doppler lidar. A lidar system consists of a pulsed laser which sends out pulses of laser light and a sensor that senses the scattered light from the different molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere. The characteristics of the scattered light are used to determine the nature and amount of the constituents.     

初中数学自主探究式教学的策略

培养学生的数学探究能力成为初中数学教学的焦点和主题。文章根据教育学、心理学研究学生学习数学的心理,通过实例探讨培养学生自主探究数学的途径在于:创设"想"的氛围,激发探究兴趣;创设"动"的氛围,加强实践操作;创设"问"的氛围,鼓励参与探索。同时,提供生活实例,让学生灵活运用数学;创设成功情景,让学生在数学中体验成就感。如此,方能让学生通过自己的动手操作,在积极参与教学活动的过程中去体验、亲近和应用数学,最终真正成为数学学习的主人。     

基于米散射激光雷达系统的重叠因子计算

文章介绍了离轴式米散射激光雷达系统的重叠因子,结合自行研制的一台激光雷达系统的技术参数,给出重叠因子的理论计算结果及实验反演结果.通过比较得出,两种计算结果的变化趋势基本一致,但实验反演得到的重叠因子因受到诸多因素的影响,会与理论计算结果产生一定的偏差.     

大气激光雷达技术的研究进展

激光是20世纪60年代发明的最重大的科学技术成果之一,它是在有理论准备和生产实践迫切需要的背景下应运而生的.激光雷达目前涉及的应用领域十分广泛,本文着重介绍了其在大气方面的应用,其中主要包括对气溶胶、云和边界层的探测,大气成分的探测,温度的探测,反演PM2.5浓度的精度等研究.同时介绍了相关的原理,并给出部分实验测试结果,指出了大气激光雷达的未来发展趋势.     

学生学风现状调查与思考——以集美大学理工科类学生为例

学风是大学精神和大学文化的集中体现,学风建设是一项系统工程,必须结合学校办学实际及学生的特点有针对性地开展,使良好的学风逐渐沉淀成为学生无形的精神力量,推动学校办学品位和办学质量的提升。对集美大学学生学风现状进行调查,试图从学生个体角度和环境因素分析现存学风状况的原因,提出从内部因素、外部环境两个层面出发,培养学生学习力、优化学风建设载体极有必要,为加强学风建设提供借鉴。     

谈弘扬和培育电大学生的民族精神

根据党的十六大报告提出的“弘扬和培育民族精神”的要求，在电大学生中弘扬和培育民族精神是非常必要的，要创造良好的环境和氛围，使民族精神渗透到学校各项工作中去；要发挥主渠道的作用，对学生进行系统有效的爱国主义思想和民族精神教育。     

Constructivist Early Education for Moral Development

In this article, we examine the role constructivist teachers play in fostering moral development in young children. Drawing on Piaget's theory and related empirical research, we trace the development of perspective-taking, autonomy, and self-regulation, and examine the effects of different teaching and parenting practices on children's moral development. We then provide examples of autonomous moral reasoning and behavior in preschool and early primary grade children, and describe how teachers can promote optimal moral development through establishing a sociomoral atmosphere in which mutual respect is continually practiced.     

The World Café: An innovative method to facilitate reflections on internationalisation in higher education

This article provides an example of how the World Café method can be used as a platform to encourage reflection on internationalisation in higher education. The World Café is a community engagement method that encourages participants to engage in reflection and dialogue in a relaxed and comfortable atmosphere. It promotes the use of multiple methods in capturing insights that recognise individual and cultural preferences in communication. It values respect for diversity of perspectives, which resonates with the principles of internationalisation. This article focuses primarily on how this method can be used in practice and provides a step-by-step guide on how to organise and facilitate such an event.     

知识型员工的激励措施浅析

知识经济时代,知识型员工在企业中发挥着越来越重要的作用,如何吸引、留住他们,并使他们得到发展,成为企业激励机制中必须认真思考的一个问题。本文通过分析知识型员工在个人特质、心理需求、价值观念及工作方式等方面的特点,提出了以合理的薪酬激励制度为基础,提供挑战性的工作任务和宽松的工作氛围,以人为本,尊重个性,充分授权,提高参与感,提供学习机会等激励措施。     

水下激光目标单个回波信号滤波研究

研究水中激光雷达回波信号特征与处理,对水下目标的探测具有十分重要的意义。文章首先介绍了水下激光雷达的应用领域,然后从频域角度对激光雷达探测的回波信号特征进行了分析,最后根据探测回波信号的特征设计了一些对单个回波信号处理的方法以及特征量的提取方法,为今后激光雷达的探测和应用提供了理论基础和处理方法。     

“阳光体育运动”背景下四川省中小学生家庭支持环境探析

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,在阳光体育运动背景下,对四川省中小学生家庭支持环境的情况进行调查与分析,结果表明:学校开展阳光体育运动对中小学生及家庭宣传动员不够,家庭支持环境力量弱化;家庭为孩子提供体育锻炼的物质条件支持不力;家庭附近能提供体育锻炼活动场地及设施的仅占25%,不能满足中小学生校内外体育锻炼活动的需求。因此,要着力营造开展阳光体育运动的家庭支持氛围,社区为家庭提供一定的运动场所和器材,建立促进学校、家庭及社会支持环境的合力。     

高职院校思想政治理论课中情境式教学法的应用

高职院校思想政治理论课课堂现状堪忧,教学效果不佳,而情境式教学法的应用可以有效激发学生兴趣,活跃课堂气氛,培养学生各方面能力,提高教学实效。本文介绍了情境式教学法在思想政治理论课中的应用以及需要注意的问题,为提高思想政治理论课教学效果提供了很好的借鉴。     

Our shrinking ozone layer

Depletion of the Earth’s ozone layer is one of the major environmental concerns for the new millennium having serious implications on human health, agriculture and climate. In the past decades, research by the international scientific community has been directed towards understanding the impact of human interference on the Earth’s atmosphere. The importance of ozone radiation absorption in the atmosphere and the general kinetics of the stratospheric ozone depletion mechanisms have motivated many theoretical and experimental studies on various chemical species. The distribution of ozone and other trace gases in the atmosphere is governed by the complex interaction of dynamical, chemical and radiative processes. This article concentrates on the basic concepts underlying the problems that may be faced by humankind due to reduction in the ozone layer in coming decades, and the ways in which the scientific community can contribute to predicting and remediating these effects through design of international treaties, regulations and amendments.     

Constructivist Early Education for Moral Development

In this article, we examine the role constructivist teachers play in fostering moral development in young children. Drawing on Piaget's theory and related empirical research, we trace the development of perspective-taking, autonomy, and self-regulation, and examine the effects of different teaching and parenting practices on children's moral development. We then provide examples of autonomous moral reasoning and behavior in preschool and early primary grade children, and describe how teachers can promote optimal moral development through establishing a sociomoral atmosphere in which mutual respect is continually practiced.     

关于陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中自杀现象的分析

在对陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中的自杀现象进行较为系统、细致解读的基础上对其所表现的思想形态、美学形态、生命形态进行概括性阐述。其主要表现形态为癫狂与毁灭、虚无与神秘，产生了异样的美学氛围。     

散文意境的特征及其构造

散文意境即“文境”与诗歌意境即“诗境”既有共性又存在着差异,但过去对这种差异缺乏研究。本文首先从造境与写境、凝炼集中与松散随意、单维视角与多维视角三方面分析了这种差异。接着从真实与真诚,生命的灌注与灵趣三个视角探讨散文意境的构造。最后指出以往一直强调的散文应以追求意境为上,以及认为只有借景抒情的作品才有意境的观点,其实是对散文意境的误读。由上可见,本文对散文意境问题作出了全新的诠释。     

浅议小学语文教学中合作学习策略的教学效果

合作学习属于应用较多的学习模式,在小学语文课堂教学中应用效果相对理想。它能够推动师生之间、生生之间交流更加密切,营造轻松愉快的学习氛围,推动学生之间的学习,进而达到教学相长的目标。本文分析小学语文教学中合作学习策略的教学效果,以期为教学工作提供重要的借鉴。     

小学数学教学中培养学生发现和解决问题能力的策略

本文以小学数学教学中培养学生发现和解决问题能力为探讨主题,针对小学数学课堂教学现状,指出其中教育模式单一化的实际问题,提出合理创设数学问题情境、归纳问题原型、挖掘学生的探索能力、营造优质的教学环境与学习氛围、探究问题的正确解决方法这些措施,为小学数学教学质量与实效性的切实提升提供可行性建议。     

语文教材的插图叙事与教学空间的生成

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