保罗·弗莱雷的民主教育思想研究

一民主教育的本质(一)教育即政治保罗·弗莱雷经过长期的教育教学实践以及自身的动荡生涯,深刻的体会到教育的本质即"教育即政治"。正如理查德·肖尔所认为的那样:"世界上根本不存在中立的教育过程,教育要么成为年轻一代融入现行制度的必然结果,要么成为自由的实践"。[1]以教育的非中立性为基点,弗莱雷展开了其民主教育体系,他认为革命活动本身具有教育性,而一切的教育活动也不能脱离政治性,因而在教育场域内的解放运动是其     

为了自由的教育解读弗莱雷的《被压迫者教育学》

《被压迫者教育学》超越了它自己的时代和作者的时代,是一部影响深远的教育学名著。他用教育实践揭示人类长期存在却容易被忽视的被压迫现象。他批判现实的非人性化教育,期望唤起被压迫者的批判性意识,以达到解放人类教育的终极目的。本文分析被压迫者的现实角色,梳理弗莱雷教育思想中的核心概念,论证弗莱雷教育思想的实质是为了自由的教育。     

论弗莱雷的对话观以及对我国教育实践的启示

巴西著名教育家保罗.弗莱雷将对话理论引入教育领域,提出了以平等、爱、谦虚、信任、希望和批判性思维为条件,以反思与行动为基本要素,旨在命名世界、改变世界的对话观。该对话观是真正革命的教育观,对我国当前教育实践具有重要的启示作用。     

反思与行动:课堂对话教学的本义——保罗·弗莱雷《被压迫者教育学》的理论启示

课堂对话教学理论是弗莱雷教育思想的重要组成部分,人的实践存在是其提出课堂对话教学的深层原因,其直接原因是源于对灌输式教育的批判.弗莱雷的课堂对话教学是师生双方在爱、谦虚、信任、希望和批判性思维等条件下,围绕词而展开的,以创造力为依托、鼓励对现实做出真正的反思和行动的交互过程.弗莱雷课堂对话教学对于我们解放课堂教学、重塑课堂教学价值,具有十分重要的理论指导价值.     

解放教育——拉丁美洲教育之道

在介绍、研究和引进国外教育思想和理论的过程中,我们往往看到的几乎都是发达国家的。实际上,发展中国家也有许多非常有特色的教育思想和理论值得我们去了解和研究。“解放教育”思想和理论是产生于拉丁美洲、具有拉丁美洲特色的教育思想和理论。解放教育是由巴西教育家保罗·弗莱雷(PauloFreire)提出来的。20世纪70年代弗莱雷在拉丁美洲国家开展了富有创意的教育实践研究,逐渐形成了具有世界影响的解放教育思想和理论。弗莱雷提出的解放教育思想和理论的主要贡献是:教育要培养人们的批判意识;教育要促进人们的思考和觉悟;教育要与现实生活…     

保罗·弗莱雷在非洲及近期的教育实践——弗莱雷教育理论与实践研究之四

一、弗莱雷在非洲的教育实践保罗·弗莱雷最初接触非洲的教育是在1970年以后参加坦桑尼亚的扫盲运动.在坦桑尼亚达摩斯萨拉姆大学成人教育学院的邀请下,弗莱雷讲授了他的扫盲教学法,并帮助组织新的试验项目和设计成人教育学位课程.虽然弗莱雷的著作很少谈到坦桑尼亚的经历,但这却成为弗莱雷深入到非洲现实的重要一步,为以后参与几内亚(比绍)、安哥拉、莫桑比克等国教育实践打下了基础.从弗莱雷参与非洲教育实践的情况来看,他对几内亚(比绍)的教育十分关注,并投入了很多精力来进行扫盲的实践.在弗莱雷的著作《发展中的教育学——几内亚(比绍)信札》中,弗莱雷系统地论述了几内亚(比绍)开展扫盲运动的过程,并且比较了拉美国家与非洲国家的异同以及弗莱雷教育思想与方法在非洲运用所碰到的一些问题.     

弗莱雷教育思想探析

弗莱雷是20世纪来自巴西的批判教育理论和实践方面最重要和最有影响力的教育家。其教育思想的形成得益于其丰富的人生经历。弗莱雷的对话式教学及成人教育理论对当下中国的教育改革有一定的启示,但其＂教育即政治＂、＂批判意识是教育走向解放的根本出发点＂等观点有一定局限性,应批判地借鉴和吸收。     

试论弗莱雷解放教育理论的现实意义

弗莱雷的解放教育思想一直在流传，并受到各国越来越多的人的关注。在我国教育改革过程中。尤其是当前从应试教育走向素质教育的改革过程中，仍然存在着较多理论和实践方面的问题。因此。深入了解和研究、正确理解和借鉴弗莱雷的解放教育理论，尤其是在教育的政治性、批判性、民主性、创造性、课程改革和教学改革等方面对我国教育改革具有重大的现实意义。     

对话:改变你自己——弗莱雷解放教育思想的教学解读

正巴西教育家保罗·弗莱雷被誉为"20世纪最杰出的教育思想家",其主要贡献在于提出了以培养批判意识为目的的解放教育理论。弗莱雷用他"战斗"的一生和火热的社会实践,诠释并演绎了"教育即解放"的伟大思想,完成了解放教育"三部曲":《被压迫者教育学:意识的解放》《希望教育学:教学的解放》《自由教育学:人性的解放》。三部专著从三个不同的维度阐释了"解放"的深刻内涵:一是意识的解放。教育旨在让人从对自然与社会的神秘意识、幼稚意识中解脱出来,具有批判意识。意识     

论解放教育学的逻辑——保罗·弗莱雷《被压迫者教育学》的再解读

《被压迫者教育学》是著名的批判教育学家保罗·弗莱雷最有影响力的代表作之一,主要阐释了弗莱雷的解放教育学思想,它是当今世界最具影响的教育著作之一。论著主要从价值论、认识论、方法论三个方面进行内在逻辑构建。人性化是弗莱雷解放教育学的终极价值诉求;意识化是弗莱雷解放教育学展开的前提和基础;提问式教育和对话行动理论是弗莱雷解放教育学实现的方法和路径。     

Postdigital cross border reflections on critical utopia

Abstract

Critical pedagogy is in crisis. To address this crisis, this paper reinvents Paulo Freire’s concept of utopia in and for our age of the Anthropocene. Understood as a system, postdigital critical utopia provides us with normative foundations and returns agency from invisible data and algorithms to human beings. Understood as a process, postdigital critical utopia unmasks the myth of neutrality and adds an important element of myth, religion, ritual, and faith. Understood as an orientation, postdigital critical utopia needs to be balanced by dystopia, integrate environmental considerations, and act with a combination of epistemical curiosity and hope. Theoretical and practical attempts at introducing advanced technology to reimagine new utopias now take place in media theory, hacking, activism, and small pockets of the academia. To transcend its own crisis and remain relevant, contemporary critical pedagogy movement must urgently join these attempts. However, catching up with technological development is only the tip of a much larger iceberg. In order to take the lead in processes of modernization, critical pedagogy movement needs to actively develop utopian visions and techno-administrative systems which may support these visions.     

To be more fully human: Freire and Confucius

This paper compares the educational thought of Paulo Freire and Confucius on what it means to be more fully human. Both Freire and Confucius object to the dehumanisation of human beings through the banking concept of education and other oppressive practices. They argue for the ontological vocation of becoming more fully human through humanisation and humanity (ren) respectively. In terms of differences, Freire’s notion of humanisation seeks to transform human beings from objects to subjects who know and act. Confucius’ concept of humanity, while also stressing autonomy and agency, places moral self-cultivation at its centre. While Freire advocates critical consciousness and social transformation, Confucius propagates dao- or Way-consciousness and self-transformation. The essay concludes by exploring a synthesised conception of humanisation where human beings are subjects who are motivated and guided by humanity (ren).     

Paulo Freire and ‘the need for a kind of education in hope’

This paper explores Paulo Freire’s philosophy of hope. This is significant because, for Freire, it was human hope that rendered education possible, necessary and necessarily political. Like other areas of his thought, however, his reading of hope contained ambiguities and contradictions, and the paper explores these by locating Freire’s thought in the wider context of the philosophy of hope. It focuses in particular on the divergent interpretations Freire provides regarding the objective and the experience of hope. It argues that many of the conflicting demands placed on the radical educator stem from the tensions and vagaries one finds within his philosophy. The paper concludes by discussing the wider significance of Freire in light of the discourse of ‘complex hope’ that is developing within educational studies.     

Is Freire Incoherent? Reconciling Directiveness and Dialogue in Freirean Pedagogy

While some of Paulo Freire's readers understand his pedagogy as a rejection of any and all directive teaching methods, there are many scholars who do recognise Freire's emphasis on teacher directiveness in its appropriate form. In light of this tension between directiveness and dialogue, it seems that students of Freire must inevitably come to a crossroads: is Freire's pedagogy directive or is it not? However, even this question does not get at the more critical dilemma: if Freire's pedagogy is directive, is such directiveness incompatible with Freire's overwhelming emphasis on egalitarian dialogue? This paper establishes three readings of the issue of directiveness in Freire and ultimately provides an exegetical defence of what is termed the compatibilist reading—that directive teaching, properly construed, is compatible with dialogic teaching in Freirean pedagogy. The question this paper seeks to answer is how Freire can have it both ways. In sum, Freire undeniably supports teacher directiveness and philosophically justifies directiveness as compatible with problem‐posing education through his concepts of virtue education, utopia and criticality.     

To Freire or not to Freire: Educational freedom and the populist right-wing ‘Escola sem Partido’ movement in Brazil

This article addresses key topics of academic freedom and critical pedagogy during a time of right-wing populist politics. The rise of the far-right politician Jair Bolsonaro to Brazil’s presidency in 2019 was accompanied by a vow to eradicate any vestige of the ideas of Brazilian educator Paulo Freire from the country’s schools. Bolsonaro’s campaign was supported by ultra-conservative groups that have as their core mission a traditional Christian and anti-Communist educational agenda. At the forefront of these groups is the influential and conspicuous ‘Escola sem Partido’ (ESP) movement that has forcefully campaigned against Freire’s critical pedagogy across the country and promoted physical and online abuse of teachers since 2014. This article asks how Freire’s philosophies can be an ally in the struggle for democratic education in the current political climate in Brazil. It employs a method of dialogical narrative to bring Freire’s theories and critical methodology to life and test their potency against the ESP educational philosophies. It initially employs Freire’s core ideas to examine the ESP policies and parliamentary bills. In the second part, it analyses documents and online content produced by civil society resistance to ESP pressures. The findings show the vitality of Freire’s pedagogical philosophy to empower oppressed communities in their demands for quality education. The narrative concludes by demonstrating the vital role of the critical consciousness process and of Freire’s pedagogy of freedom to support ongoing struggles by teachers and communities to block ESP attempts to abolish critical thinking in Brazilian public education.     

FREIRE RE-VIEWED

A bstract .  The work of Paulo Freire is associated with themes of oppression and liberation, and his critical pedagogy is visionary in its attempts to bring about social transformation. Freire has created a theory of education that embeds these issues within social relations that center around both ideological and material domination. In this review essay, Sue Jackson explores three books: Freire's final work Pedagogy of Indignation ; Cesar Augusto Rossatto's Engaging Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of Possibility , which attempts to engage Freire's pedagogy of possibility; and C.A. Bowers and Frederique Apffel-Marglin's edited collection Re-thinking Freire , which asks readers to reconsider Freire's work in light of globalization and environmental crises. Jackson questions the extent to which Freire's pedagogical approaches are useful to educators as well as to "the oppressed," and whether challenges to re-think Freire can lead to new kinds of critical pedagogies.     

Paulo Freire and the pedagogical traditions of the subject English

I seek here to explain and elaborate on how and why Paulo Freire’s work has significance for educators in today’s ‘affluent’ west, not least in reminding us powerfully of core critical and celebratory values at a time when many teachers, and not only of English, feel under huge pressure – a pressure that in fact verges on the oppressive. My focus here is on native language teaching and learning – English, in effect – thus echoing Freire’s concern for critical literacy and pedagogy and how these may relate constructively to fundamentally Romantic traditions of English pedagogy.     

Rethinking emancipation with Freire and Rancière: A plea for a thing-centred pedagogy

Abstract

In this article, I critically engage with a vital assumption behind the work of Paulo Freire, and more generally behind any critical pedagogy, viz. the belief that education is fundamentally about emancipation. My main goal is to conceive of a contemporary critical pedagogy which stays true to the original inspiration of Freire’s work, but which at the same time takes it in a new direction. More precisely, I confront Freire with Jacques Rancière. Not only is the latter’s work on education fully predicated on the idea of emancipation. For both Freire and Rancière, literacy initiation practice can be seen as an archetypical model for understanding the emancipatory moment in education. For both, educational practices are never neutral, as they decide to a great extent on the fate of our common world. Reflecting on similarities and differences in both their positions, I will propose to conceive of critical pedagogy in terms of a thing-centred pedagogy. As such, I take a clear position in the discussion between teacher- and student-centred approaches. According to Rancière, it is the full devotion to a ‘thing’, i.e. to a subject matter we study, which makes emancipation possible. Over and against Freire’s defense of emancipatory education, I highlight with Rancière the importance of educational emancipation.     

The critical spirituality of Paulo Freire

Starting from the premise that Paulo Freire’s capacity for hope in the face of personal struggle and exile issued from his spirituality, this paper examines Freire’s spirituality through the lens of Michael Dantley’s concept of critical spirituality. The concept of spirituality as discussed in the literature is explored, followed by an explication of Dantley’s concept of critical spirituality, which is an integration of critical theory and African-American spirituality as articulated by Cornel West and others. After briefly reviewing Freire’s religious and cultural background, the paper compares Dantley and Freire in terms of their perspectives on hope, conversion to or solidarity with the oppressed and prophetic vision. The paper concludes by offering four implications of Freire’s critical spirituality for educators seeking to work for social change.     

Paulo Freire and the Politics of Education: A response to Neumann

Jacob Neumann provides a thoughtful reading of Paulo Freire in the 21^st century: Education, dialogue, and transformation. His comments on the importance of contextualising Freire’s work and the value of openness in engaging Freirean ideas are insightful and helpful. His use of the term ‘apolitical’ is, however, rather more problematic. Drawing on points made in Paulo Freire in the 21^st century, and with links to Freire’s wider philosophy and pedagogy, this article argues that education from a Freirean perspective is always political.