Correlative study of fluoride content in urine,serum and urinary calculi

Fluoride content was measured in 100 urinary stones retrieved by open surgery of stone formers admitted at PGIMS Rohtak and their respective urine and serum and compared with those of healthy individuals. The concentration of fluoride was also measured in the sources of drinking water of these stone formers. The concentration of fluoride was definitely significantly higher in serum (p>0.01) and highly significantly higher in urine (p>−0.001) of stone formers compared to those of healthy individuals. The content of oxalate in serum and 24 h urine of the stone formers was also measured, which was increased significantly (p<0.005 and p<0.001) compared to healthy individuals. The concentration of fluoride was probably significantly higher in drinking water of these stone formers than the normal ones. There was a positive correlation between the content of fluoride of urinary stones and urine of stone patients (r=.88); stone and serum (r=.62); drinking water and stone (r=.85) and their urine and serum (r=.54); urine and drinking water (r=.83) and serum and water (r=.51). These results indicate a definite role of fluoride in urinary stone formation.     

A study of serum zinc, selenium and copper levels in carcinoma of esophagus patients

The association of serum trace elements like selenium, zinc and copper has been found in different types of cancer. This study was conducted to see the serum level of these three trace elements in cancer esophagus patients. Biopsy confirmed cancer esophagus, 24 patients (12 males, 12 females, mean age 54.5±11.65 year with 23 healthy subjects (16 males, 7 females, mean age 44 ±13.82 years) were included in this study. Both control and study group patients were of same socio-economic status and dietary habits. Serum zinc and copper level were estimated using standard absorption spectrometer technique and serum selenium by Hydride generation method. We observed significant low serum levels of zinc and selenium while high level of serum copper in carcinoma esophagus patients, as compared with normal healthy controls. This shows an association of serum selenium zinc and copper with cancer esophagus.     

Determination of immunoreactivity of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmodium falciparum</Emphasis> antigens,serum dilutions and biomaterials

Immunoreactivity properties of serum dilutions andPlasmodium falciparum malaria antigens were measured and compared by ELISA technique using different ELISA plates to evaluate the role of antigens and serum dilutions for optimum binding. Also effort has been made to see the effect of reaction surface and material i.e. ELISA plates for binding capacity. Serological properties were estimated by ELISA methods for detection of malaria and determination of immunological characteristics. Three Pf antigens (PfAg) i.e. ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen: AR-1 (RESA), histidine-rich protein 2 antigen (HRP-2) and glycophospholipid antigen (grown and developed Pf antigen from PSJ-M strain): GPL1 have been used for serological testing of human blood samples by Enzyme Link Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA). 1∶100, 1∶1000 and 1∶10000 dilutions of Pf positive and negative serum (50 samples in each group) and 1∶1000 dilution of Pf antigens were used to measure immunoreactive properties by ELISA method. Result of PfAg-serum immunoreactivity study showed that GPL1 has the highest degree of immuno binding reactivity compared to other Pf antigens. HRP-2 and RESA antigens showed no significant difference to each other. Study also found that Costar and Fastec ELISA plates have a better Ag−Ab binding capability compared to immulon and Falcon plates at all dilutions of serum. Serum dilution of 1∶100 showed best binding and reactivity with Pf antigens followed by 1∶1000 and 1∶10000 showed lowest reactivity.     

Effect of glibenclamide,tolbutamide and insulin on serum lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in alloxan diabetic rabbits

The effects of administration of glibenclamide, tolbutamide and insulin on serum lipoprotein fractions in alloxan diabetic rabbits were studied with a view to understand the role played by these antidiabetic drugs to influence serum levels of these fractions. The elevated levels of cholesterol in serum lipoprotein fractions—HDL, LDL and VLDL in alloxan diabetic rabbits were found to be decreased significantly on treatment with glibenclamide, tolbutamide and insulin. However, the LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio which is considered to be an atherogenic index showed a statistically significant increase in tolbutamide treated group and a statistically significant decrease in insulin-treated group, whereas the glibenclamide treated group showed no change.     

Effect of cigarette smoking on serum lipid,lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in hypertensives receiving β-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs

Both cigarette smoking and propranolol administration significantly alter plasma lipid profile. We examined the relationship of cigarette smoking and propranolol administration with fasting serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol subfractions (high density, low density, and very low density), Apo-A, Apo-B and ratios obtained from these variables in 42 hypertensive patients. Significantly lower values of HDL cholesterol, Apo-A and HDL-C/total cholesterol and Apo-A/Apo-B ratios were observed in smokers taking propranolol than non-smokers not taking propranolol. Smokers who were not on propranolol also had significantly lower values as compared to non-smokers. These findings suggest that smoking may be the more significant factor responsible for alteration in lipid profile.     

Effect of folic acid and vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> administration on phenytoin induced toxicity in rats

Folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ are very important vitamins needed for normal cellular metabolic activities. The effects of folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ on liver integrity of growing Wistar albino rats following therapeutic dose of phenytoin administration were investigated. The activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP were investigated. Serum total protein level and lipid profile were also measured as indices of biochemical changes. The ingestion of phenytoin alone in rats significantly reduced serum protein while AST, ALT activities incresed as compared to the control (P<0.05). Supplementation of phenytoin with oral administration of 70microgram/kg body wt of folic acid resulted in a significant reversal in serum total protein and suppression in serum AST and ALT activities. Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation did not afford any significant protection against the effect of phenytoin ingestion but rather phenytoin toxicity was exacerbated in this study. However, the combined effects of vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid ameliorated the effects of phenytoin on serum enzymes of experimental rats. The effect of combination of phenytoin with folic acid or folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ is an interesting finding. Supplementation of phenytoin with folic acid or combination of these vitamins may be recommended for the purpose of ameliorating the adverse biochemical changes which are associated with phenytoin therapy. Further work is ongoing to help elucidate the effects of phenytoin and these vitamins on oxidative stress inducing mechanism.     

Influence of pranayamas and yoga-asanas on serum insulin,blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes

A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35–60 yrs of 1–10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.     

Effect of sample type,centrifugation and storage conditions on vitamin D concentration

Introduction:

Studies about vitamin D [25(OH)D] stability in plasma are limited and preanalytical variables such as tube type may affect results. We aimed to evaluate effect of storage conditions, sample type and some preanalytical variables on vitamin D concentration.

Materials and methods:

Blood samples from 15 healthy subjects were centrifuged at different temperatures and stored under different conditions. Serum and plasma 25(OH)D difference, effect of centrifugation temperature and common storage conditions were investigated.

Results:

There was no difference between serum and plasma vitamin D concentration. Centrifugation temperature had no impact on vitamin D concentration. 25(OH)D is stable under common storage conditions: 4 hours at room temperature, 24 hours at 2–8 °C, 7 days at −20 °C, 3 months at −80 °C.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D does not require any special storage conditions and refrigeration. Both serum and plasma can be used for measurement.     

Effect of calcium channel blockers on stress-induced visceral, endocrinological and immune responses

In the present study effects of five commonly used calcium channel blockers (CCBs) belonging to different chemical classes have been investigated on stress-induced modulation of some visceral, endocrinological and immunological parameters in rats and mice. Restraint stress (RS) produced gastric mucosal lesions, increased plasma corticosterone levels and reduced antiSRBC antibody titre, a measure of humoral immune response and % leucocyte migration inhibition (% LMI) and foot pad thickness, measures of cell-mediated immunity. Nimodipine (10, 20 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and flunarizine (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonised the effect of RS on gastric ulcerogenesis and plasma corticosterone levels but failed to modulate the stress-induced suppression of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Thus, CCBs appear to modulate stress-induced visceral, endocrinological and immune responses, albeit in a differential manner.     

中国城镇化进程中产业、空间、人口对能源消费的影响分解

在文献回顾的基础上构建城镇化进程中产业、空间与人口的交互发展对能源消费的融合传导机制, 并基于向量形式的Kaya拓展模型与“多项连乘和加总”的LMDI改进形式,对中国1998—2015年间的能耗总量变化进行因素分解。研究显示：城镇化对生产端能耗的拉动效应远大于生活端;传统能源驱动型产业的转型升级 与技术进步缓解了能源压力;近些年除消费支出以外的其他经济单元,因粗放型“三高”发展模式的改善,较居民 消费具有能耗比较优势;居民消费效应仍是间接能耗提升的主导因素,城乡居民消费行为趋同对生活能耗波动的正向贡献日趋增强,并随着人口规模的扩张成为能源可持续发展的掣肘;摊大饼式空间低密度蔓延加剧了能源 消费,仅人口集聚的规模效应对生活能耗波动具有负向贡献。进一步指出在新型城镇化能源约束强化的情境下,虽然产业层面的结构调整与技术进步对能耗的削减效应仍存在,但更应关注人口层面的居民消费方式及用能习 惯的改良,释放空间层面的资源配置对降低能耗的新动能,努力实现共享经济以缓解能耗压力,并据此提出几点 建议。     

Anticancer Effect of dl-Glyceraldehyde and 2-Deoxyglucose in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice and Their Effect on Liver,Kidney and Haematological Parameters

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Compounds that inhibit glycolysis have potential applications in cancer treatment. dl-glyceraldehyde (DLG) and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been proven effective in the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) in 10–12 weeks old Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 30 g. The anticancer activity of DLG and 2-DG were determined by tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, average survival time, percentage increase in life span and tumor inhibition ratio. The blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis after 9 days of treatment to study the effect on liver, kidney and haematological parameters. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney was also performed. One-way ANOVA test and Dunnett’s test were used for comparisons of parameters in study groups. Both DLG and 2-DG individually decreased the tumor weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cell count and significantly increased the life span of treated mice, however the combination was found to be better. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions and haematological parameters were restored close to control group as compared with the EAC bearing mice. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney in EAC control group showed large areas of necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration but such changes were not observed in liver and kidney sections observed after i.p injection of DLG and 2-DG for 9 days. Improvement was much better in the group where combination of these two drugs were used.     

环境规制、产业集聚与贸易绿色技术溢出门槛效应研究

利用我国30个省份2008~2017年的数据,构建Super-SBM模型测度各区域绿色技术创新效率,进而利用门槛面板模型,以环境规制和产业集聚为门槛变量,实证研究贸易对区域绿色技术创新效率溢出的非线性影响。结果表明：(1)从效率值来看,我国绿色技术创新效率增长迅速,但区域发展“不平衡性”严重,东部地区的效率值遥遥领先于中西部地区；(2)从门槛结果来看,贸易对区域绿色技术创新效率的溢出显著存在环境规制、产业集聚的“双门槛”效应；(3)从作用机制来看,环境规制下的贸易与绿色技术创新效率呈“U”型关系,随着环境规制强度提高,溢出的“挤出效应”逐步转为“激励效应”,影响由负变正且作用逐渐增大；产业集聚下的贸易与绿色技术创新效率呈“N”型关系,仅当产业集聚水平跨过第二门槛时,影响显著为正；环境规制对绿色技术创新效率表现为显著的直接推动作用和间接门槛作用,产业集聚对绿色技术创新效率仅表现为间接门槛作用。     

中美高校与企业合作的动因、方式、成效和环境的比较研究

校企合作是高校服务社会的重要途径.为借鉴美国校企合作的先进经验,推动广东高校校企合作的进一步发展,本文从合作动因、合作方式及成效、合作环境等多个角度出发对比美国高校和我国高校的校企合作模式.通过比较研究,分析中美校企合作在资金、人才、技术和信息的需求动力,合作方式的发展成熟程度,以及社会和市场环境的支持程度等方面所存在的差异,并从中发现广东高校在校企合作中存在的问题,建议借鉴美国高校成熟和多样化的校企合作模式,强化自主创新,加强队伍建设,创新体制机制,营造合作环境,提高校企校地合作成效.     

Effect of Isoproterenol on Tissue Defense Enzymes,Hemodynamic and Left Ventricular Contractile Function in Rats

Present study investigated the effects of isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress on hemodynamic and ventricular functions in rats. Subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg for two consecutive days at 24 h interval) significantly decreased myocardial antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in heart. Isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress was also evidenced by significant depletion of reduced glutathione and increased formation of lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances along with depletion of myocyte injury specific marker enzymes; creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase. The deleterious outcome of oxidative stress on hemodyanmic parameters and ventricular function were further evidenced by decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, ventricular contractility; [(+)LVdP/dt] and relaxation; [(−)LVdP/dt], along with an increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Subsequent to changes in heart rate and arterial pressure, isoproterenol also decreased rate pressure product. Present study findings clearly demonstrate the detrimental outcome of isoproterenol induced-oxidative stress on cardiac function and tissue antioxidant defense and substantiate its suitability as an animal model for the evaluation of cardioprotective agents.     

市场化程度、金融发展水平与区域创新能力——基于企业家精神的中介效应研究

基于2005—2019我国31个省（区、市）的面板数据,通过构建动态面板模型与门槛面板模型实证分析市场化程度、金融发展水平、企业家精神对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现,市场化程度与金融发展水平均对区域创新能力具有显著的促进作用,且市场化程度对区域创新能力的影响强于金融发展水平;企业家精神均为金融发展水平、市场化程度对区域创新能力影响的中介变量,且具有完全中介效应和门槛效应,替换估计方法与相应变量衡量指标后结果仍然稳健。最后,基于实证分析结论提出相应的政策建议。     

荣宝土壤消毒剂对西兰花、宝塔花菜等蔬菜产量及种植效益的影响

通过荣宝土壤消毒剂在西兰花、宝塔花菜、大白菜上施用的对比试验,其结果表明,施用荣宝土壤消毒剂,西兰花产量比对照产量提高51.6%,增效44.3%;宝塔花菜产量比对照产量提高21.3%,增效15.5%;大白菜产量比对照产量提高24.1%,增效16.4%.荣宝土壤消毒剂对设施大棚种植的作物效果更好,具有防止土传病危害和治理土壤障碍因子的双重作用.     

硫、氯、碱金属元素对工业固废水泥资源化利用的影响及控制技术

固体废物水泥资源化利用必将是我国消纳大部分工业固废的有效途径之一,然而很多工业固废中会含有大量的硫、氯、碱金属等元素,这些物质的超量存在会影响到水泥窑协同处置工艺和水泥成品质量。本文通过综述国内外文献,归纳了典型工业固废中硫、氯、碱金属元素的含量范围,并介绍了它们对水泥资源化利用技术的主要制约因素,进而提出相应的调控措施,为工业固体废物水泥资源化利用提供必要依据。     

企业开放式创新知识协同的作用、影响因素及保障措施研究

[目的/意义] 研究开放式创新知识协同为企业从知识协同方向提升开放式创新绩效提供参考。[方法/过程] 在对已有文献研究的基础上,分析了企业开放式创新知识协同的作用,研究了企业开放式创新知识协同的影响因素,提出了企业开放式创新知识协同的运行保障措施。[结果/结论] 在开放式创新中,知识协同通过分析内外部知识资源,根据创新目标构建知识协同群并使知识资源在时间与空间上实现最佳的交互、关联、碰撞、共享与整合,以便激发协同效力,从而提升协同个体与组织的知识创新能力,提升创新绩效,因此开放式创新中的知识协同受创新开放度、知识需求发现、知识供给时间、知识匹配度与知识共享程度等的影响。为了保障知识协同工作的顺利开展,知识协同需要先进的协同系统、科学合理的协同制度与人员作用支撑。