西方体验美学与文学文本的阅读教学

西方体验美学有着悠久的文化渊源,它的意义在于突出了个人的亲历,又注重对他人体验的感悟.体验阅读的特点表现为超越性、亲历性和直觉性.当前文学文本阅读教学中的现状暴露为教师、学生缺乏个性阅读体验和阅读课堂缺乏真正的实践活动等缺点,而体验阅读教学能够真正深入文学文本的实质,确保教师在教学中的主导地位和学生主体性的发挥.体验教学在阅读教学中的运用主要为以课堂开放促进体验,以表达整合体验,以理性深化体验,真正通过体验达到理解文学文本与自身意义构建的双重目的.     

Television and education: A review of research

Summary The existing research on television of interest to educators was analyzed and found to be grouped into four general categories: (a) studies of the general social effects of television, (b) content analyses, (c) studies of the educational effects of television, and (d) technical studies. Studies in each of these four categories were reviewed and generalizations drawn from them. No attempt was made to review related research that is, no doubt, applicable to the problems of television. For example, the vast amount of research information developed in the audio-visual field during the past 30 years was not touched. Future investigators will find that the existing television research and the existing audio-visual research provide only a sketch map of the field of audio-visual communication. To use these important instruments wisely, and this is particularly true of television, it is necessary that we know and understand much more. This is the challenge for future research. To the knowledge of the editor, this is the first comprebensive review of educational television research to be published. The organizing of the research into four categories—general social effects, content analyses, educational effects, and technical problems—the rather detailed reviewing of the results, and the drawing of general conclusions should greatly aid the educator in understanding the unique contributions of educational television. An attempt will be made in future issues of Audio-Visual Communication Review to supplement this review of research by regularly publishing, in “Research Abstracts,” reviews of the most recent television studies. Dr. James D. Finn is Associate Professor of Education and Chairman of the Audio-Visual Education Department, University of Southern California. This paper was originally prepared at the request of the California State Department of Education for inclusion in theBrochure of Background Materials: Educational Television for the Governor’s Conference on Educational Television, held in Sacramento, California, December 15–16, 1952. It was necessary to develop the material in a very short time, and the writer wishes to express his indebtedness to F. Dean McClusky and May V. Seagoe of the University of California, Los Angeles, and to Lester F. Beck and Nicholas Rose, his colleagues at the University of Southern California, as well as to several of his graduate students for helping in locating copies of the studies reviewed.     

A research review of e-assessment

The use of e-assessment in higher education is a relatively new educational practice that has been more frequently studied in recent years. This review aims to summarise some research on e-assessment, providing an overview based on articles from three well-established scientific journals. Focusing on research topics, settings for e-assessment and research methods used in the articles, the review reveals a research field with a broad spectrum of inquiries and approaches. Research of e-assessment practices is often conducted as small-scale studies in which the e-assessment task comprises closed questions such as multiple-choice questions. The article discusses the findings to guide future research and concludes that there is a need for more studies on e-assessment in online courses as well as for longitudinal studies.     

Effects of text illustrations: A review of research

Can illustrations aid learning of text material? These authors review the results of 55 experiments comparing learning from illustrated text with learning from text alone. They go on to look at research in closely related fields (involving, for example, nonrepresentational pictures, graphic organizers, learner-produced drawings) and conclude by offering guidelines for practice.     

Transition from school: A review of Australian research

With rising rates of unemployment amongst young people in Australia as in other industrialised countries, considerable research has been undertaken on the transition from school: nearly 500 studies have been done in the past five years. This paper reviews them.The assumption of most researchers is that the major transition from school is to work. Other transitions, such as from adolescence to adulthood, are relatively neglected. Although the issue is approached from four main disciplinary standpoints — educational, psychological, social and economic — the theoretical assumptions and practical conclusions can be put in the two categories of supply and demand. Supply is preparing young people for roles, on the assumption that better preparation will not only raise employability, but might also call jobs into being. Demand can mean creating new jobs in the private and public sectors, developing new forms of cooperative employment, or reallocating the jobs which already exist through work-sharing, more part-time work, early retirement for older people or rewarding some groups to refrain from wage employment.The impression is that policy is not led by research, but that research is stimulated by policy and action. The roles of research indeed are mainly design, monitoring and evaluation. Four gaps in research in Australia are identified: better social book-keeping, longitudinal studies, rigorous case-studies and policy analysis.     

A review of educational technology research in Taiwan

Conclusion Beginning in 1989, the Ministry of Education and the National Science Council of Taiwan have sponsored an international biennial conference organized by different local universities. The purpose of this conference, the International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE), is to report educational technology research. After the 1993 conference, it became a regional biennial conference held by different countries in the Asia-Pacific region. ICCE 95 was held in Singapore and ICCE 97 will be in Malaysia. After 1997, ICCE will again become an annual conference to reflect the growing research impetus in the region.In Taiwan, after exporting ICCE to the region, the funding agents continue to support an annual conference with a different name, International Conference on Computer Assisted Instruction (ICCAI). This locally organized conference has been held annually since 1994. As a natural result of these activities and consistent support by funding agents, a growing number of international publications are reporting on the more mature results of educational technology research at international conferences and in journals.Contributors included Jon-Chao Hong, Professor of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan; Jihn-Chang Jehng, Associate Professor, Human Resources Management, National Central University, Taiwan; Yu-Fen Shih, Associate Professor, Media and Library Science, Tamkang University, Taiwan; and Gary Chon-Wen Shyi, Associate Professor, Psychology, National Chung- Cheng University, Taiwan.Tak-Wai Chan is an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Information Engineering at National Central University. He is also the President of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for the Advancement of Computers in Education and is an Associate Editor of theInternational Journal of Educational Telecommunications.     

Issues in teaching practice supervision research: A review of the literature

A growing body of research casts doubt on the value of the apprenticeship style of teaching practice supervision. It raises fundamental questions about the dynamics of interpersonal relationships within the traditional supervisor-student-class teacher triad and the influence of the social context within which the triad operates. A number of alternative approaches to supervision are reviewed, and some problems associated with reconceptualizing the supervisor's role are examined.     

A review of online course dropout research: implications for practice and future research

Although online learning is expanding in availability and popularity, the high dropout rates remain a challenging problem. In this paper, we reviewed the existing empirical studies on online course dropouts in post-secondary education that were published during the last 10 years. We identified 69 factors that influence students’ decisions to dropout and classified them into three main categories: (a) Student factors, (b) Course/Program factors, and (c) Environmental factors. We then examined the strategies proposed to overcome these dropout factors: (a) understanding each student’s challenges and potential, (b) providing quality course activities and well-structured supports, and (c) handling environmental issues and emotional challenges. Finally, we discussed issues regarding dropout factors and strategies for addressing these factors and offered recommendations for future research.     

连贯:语篇分析理论视角

从语言学的角度讲,学生写作文就是在建构语篇.作为语篇的作文必须具有明显的语篇特征,即它表达一个整体意义,各个部分是连贯的.以往对学习者语篇连贯的研究多侧重于对文章中衔接手段这一表层特征的研究,具有很大的局限性.这里从语篇分析的角度出发,在语篇自身的连贯性及读者对语篇理解的连贯性两个深层次的界面上建立框架,并在此框架下对大学生英语写作的连贯性进行分析,可以增强学生对连贯理论的认识,并在写作中自觉实践.     

中西思维模式与英文篇章结构

通过对中国人与英美人思维模式的比较，即中国人思维模式呈螺旋型结构，英美人思维模式呈线性结构，帮助中国英语学习者在英文写作中克服母语思维模式的影响，并通过对汉英语篇结构的对比，来探索英文写作规律，以期使中国英语学习者在英文写作中符合英美人的思维模式，遵循英语篇章结构的特点。     

德国西占区“再教育”初探

二战后,西方盟国对德国实行了一场强性的“再教育”,这是现代史上唯一的一次试图对一个民族的所谓“民族特性”进行全面改造的政治尝试,该政策是由英国首先提出的,它主张用西方的民主传统去影响,改变德国人的思维方式和生活方式,从占领之初到占领体制结束,西方盟国对德国的“再教育”大致经历了三个阶段,涵盖了整个文教体制,“再教育”,促使德国人民对德国的历史文化传统进行了深刻的反思,培植了民主观念,从而使德国人民的思想发生了根本的转变,为德国从旧体制向新体制的蜕变奠定了坚实的思想基础。