Empowering Young Children for Success in School and in Life

This article describes the power of goal-setting in order to help children become self-motivated and responsible for their actions. It also provides a road-map for a successful process by describing the following strategies: changing negative thoughts into positives, creating affirmations, designing action plans and utilizing visualization. This process enables both educators and parents to enhance children’s social/emotional development which is essential for their success in school and later on in life.     

让技术为学生提供更强大的参与经验——访哈佛大学学习技术专家克里斯·德迪博士

访谈者:德迪博士您好,非常感谢您在繁忙的工作之余能够接受我们的访谈.请首先谈谈您是好如何进入学习技术这个领域的?     

Friendships in Children with Developmental Disabilities

Studies of friendships in children with developmental disabilities have evolved primarily from the research on children with typical development. As a result, the theories, definitions, and difficulties in measuring friendship have also been carried over to the research on children with developmental disabilities. Children with developmental disabilities, however, present unique issues that warrant consideration. Special consideration should be given to measurement issues, developmental level, the etiology or type of disability of the child, the experience and context of the child with the disability, and individual characteristics. Given these considerations, we make some suggestions for the study of friendships in atypical children.     

Early Intervention for Behaviour Problems in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities

This article reviews research on intervention for young children with dual developmental and behavioural problems. It makes a case for intervention to include family variables and to occur in the preschool years. Behaviour problems are common in young children with developmental disabilities. If untreated these problems are likely to persist and become more challenging and severe in adulthood. Behaviour problems interfere with cognitive, social and emotional development, create additional family stress, often lead to exclusion from community services, and result in additional financial costs to the community. Intervention research provides some support for the effectiveness of parent management training and interventions based upon applied behaviour analysis. However, randomised controlled trials with adequate follow-up periods are required, along with the measurement of outcomes for the family as a whole.     

从儿童发展视角看学前儿童玩具的设计和选择

儿童的生活离不开玩具.儿童在身体发育、认知发展等方面与成人明显不同,在探索玩具方面具有独特性.在为学前儿童设计、选择玩具时要注意玩具的年龄适宜性和年龄跨度,重视对儿童非言语指标的观察和评估,以便为儿童提供符合其发展需要的玩具,促进儿童发展.     

Selecting Books for Children Birth Through Four: A Developmental Approach

The selection of books to read to young children matters enormously in the role books play for enriching children’s lives. This paper reviews the scientific evidence for the appropriate selection of books, and argues that care in selecting books targeted to children’s developing skills will enhance the power and the pleasures of reading to young children.     

Developmental Delays in Preschool Children: Assessment Over Time

Abstract

A 3‐year study yielded data on the characteristics and progress of preschool children with developmental delays of uncertain aetiology. Children were tested at six‐month intervals in their homes using standard developmental measures (Bayley, McCarthy, Gesell, Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development); additional information about children and families was gathered by personal interview. Findings support the use of standardized assessment techniques for determining developmental level of preschool delayed children. For the group as a whole there was stability of performance over time, but the rates of change varied according to child. Delays in developmental domains were frequently associated with social behavioural and adjustment problems. Some relationship was found between aetiology and rate of development. Analyses across time suggest that three assessments are needed before confident prediction can be made about developmental rate for individual children.     

让儿童成为儿童问题的研究者——促进儿童参与研究的策略

倡导儿童参与儿童问题研究的理论基础是儿童权利和儿童发展。本文从儿童参与儿童问题研究的领域和程度、研究设计与实施、推动策略等,探讨了儿童在儿童研究中的角色转变。儿童参与儿童问题的研究涉及家庭生活、学校教育、社会及其他与儿童利益相关的各个领域,各领域中儿童参与的程度存在差异。在推动儿童参与研究的过程中,应注意研究伦理、研究结构调整、儿童发展等问题。让儿童成为儿童问题研究的领导者关键策略在于,给予儿童研究技能指导,信任儿童能完成研究任务。     

Developmental Attainment of Infants and Young Children with Down Syndrome

INFANTS and young children with Down syndrome who were living at home and attending exemplary early intervention programs were assessed by trained examiners in the five domains of the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Data was compared to the 50th percentile attainment and found that infants and young children with Down syndrome are more similar to other children in Personal Social and Adaptive Domains and less similar in Communication and Cognitive Domains. These differences begin to show more dramatically as the child reaches the age of 36 months. The older the child the greater the measured differences. Documenting and understanding this uneven developmental path is significant in program planning.