青少年步枪运动员常见运动损伤的特点与致因及预防策略

本文采用文献资料、问卷调查、访谈、数理统计等研究方法对青少年步枪运动员常见运动损伤的特点、致因和预防策略进行了研究。结果表明:(1)青少年步枪运动员的损伤发生率较高;(2)青少年步枪运动员的运动损伤类型以肌肉损伤、关节损伤和视物模糊为主,韧带拉伤、擦伤挫伤等损伤类型也时有发生;(3)青少年步枪运动员的损伤程度以轻度损伤为主;(4)项目特点、准备活动不科学、训练负荷不合理、技术动作不规范是引发损伤的主要原因;(5)应针对损伤特点和损伤致因制定有针对性的预防策略。     

我国皮划艇激流回旋项目成绩稳定性特征研究

以参加北京奥运会、雅典奥运会、2005年世界杯前三名运动员的成绩(共选取3个场地、47个样本)和我国参加2005年世界杯运动员、十运会前六名运动员的成绩(共选取2个场地、61个样本)作为研究对象,对世界优秀运动员的成绩外在稳定性,中国运动员成绩稳定性,成绩机构内在稳定性进行对比分析.指出了我国皮划艇激流回旋项目运动员与世界优秀运动员的差异及我国该项目运动成绩稳定性特征.     

我国优秀划艇运动员肩、肘关节肌力特征的比较研究

运用等速测试系统对备战伦敦奥运会的国家划艇运动员的肩关节、肘关节肌力进行测试与分析。结果表明:1)从力矩角度来看,优秀运动员与一般运动员在肩、肘关节肌力特征中存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且屈肌和伸肌的力矩角度分别呈现不同的特征;2)从峰力矩比值来看,在不同速度运动下,国家队优秀运动员和一般运动员均存在屈伸比的失衡问题,即最大力量上存在屈伸肌群发展的不合理化现象(<50%),随着测试速度的增加,屈伸比呈递减趋势;3)在肘关节两侧同名肌群的比较中同样存在不均衡现象,尤其是伸肌的两侧差值较大;4)肩关节的肌力特征也存在类似的现象,但屈肌明显不如伸肌力量。结论:应逐步加强划艇运动员肩、肘关节同侧屈伸肌群和异侧同名肌群的力量均衡性训练,并提高肩关节的屈肌力量能力。     

安塞腰鼓的社会特征与功能价值研究

安塞腰鼓是陕北民间传统艺术中最具有代表性的艺术形式之一。通过研究安塞腰鼓的社会特征和功能,挖掘在全民健身、社会文化、旅游经济领域中的价值。     

运动员年度收入排名特点及规律

通过对2004年至2009年运动员年度收入排名情况的分析,探寻其中存在的特点及规律:项目差异引起的收入差距巨大;入榜运动员的国籍集中,美国运动员成为最大赢家;男女运动员比例严重失衡;运动员年度收入来源各异;运动员收入受到金融危机影响.     

辽宁省古典式摔跤运动员运动损伤调查分析

采用文献资料法、专家谈访法、问卷调查法、观察法和数理统计法等,对辽宁省古典式摔跤队42名运动员的损伤情况进行调查分析,从易发部位、常见损伤及损伤原因等方面探讨运动员运动损伤对训练水平的影响,并提出预防和减少运动损伤的建议,为古典式摔跤运动员更好的训练提供参考。     

Relationships between injury and success in elite Taekwondo athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and type of injury in elite Canadian Taekwondo athletes, before and during competition and to investigate the relationship between past injuries, injuries during competition and success. This retrospective case-series study incorporated Taekwondo injuries sustained by 75 male and female elite Canadian Taekwondo athletes over 10 years and its relationship to athletes' success by means of gaining medals during competition. A logistic regression model (using the Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) method) was used to investigate the relationship between injuries and success. Injury rate was associated with performance after holding variables constant (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.124, P = 0.039). Moreover, with each additional injury per match, competitors were 88% (1-0.124) less likely to win a medal. Although not statistically significant, additional injuries prior to competition were associated with a 30% increase in medal prevalence (OR = 1.299, P = 0.203). When comparing athletes (gender, tournament difficulty, injury variables), a competitor who is one year older is 10% less likely to medal (OR = 0.897, P = 0.068). When an additional injury occurred during competition, the athlete was 88% less likely to win a medal. Prevention, correct diagnosis, and immediate therapeutic intervention by qualified health care providers are important.     

Kinanthropometric and physiological characteristics of outrigger canoe paddlers

We describe the physiological characteristics of amateur outrigger canoe paddlers. Twenty-one paddlers (13 males, 8 females) were evaluated for body stature, aerobic power, muscular strength and endurance, peak paddle force, flexibility and 250 m sprint paddle performance at the end of the outrigging season. The mean variables ( - s) for the males were: age 27 - 9 years, height 175 - 5 cm, body mass 80 - 5 kg, arm span 178 - 7 cm, sitting height 100 - 2 cm, aerobic power 3.0 - 0.4 l·min-1, maximum bench press strength 85 - 19 kg, right peak paddle force 382 - 66 N and left peak paddle force 369 - 69 N. For the females, these were: age 26 - 6 years, height 168 - 5 cm, body mass 70 - 8 kg, arm span 170 - 5 cm, sitting height 97 - 3 cm, aerobic power 2.3 - 0.5 l· min-1, maximum bench press strength 47 - 10 kg, right peak paddle force 252 - 63 N and left peak paddle force 257 - 60 N. Analysis of variance revealed diff erences (P ? 0.05) between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body for peak paddle force, isokinetic internal and external rotation, and flexion and extension torque of the shoulder joint. The outrigger canoe paddlers were generally within the range of scores found to describe participants of other water craft sports. Outrigger canoeists should be concerned with the muscular strength imbalances associated with paddling technique.     

Kinanthropometric and physiological characteristics of outrigger canoe paddlers

We describe the physiological characteristics of amateur outrigger canoe paddlers. Twenty-one paddlers (13 males, 8 females) were evaluated for body stature, aerobic power, muscular strength and endurance, peak paddle force, flexibility and 250 m sprint paddle performance at the end of the outrigging season. The mean variables (+/- s) for the males were: age 27 +/- 9 years, height 175 +/- 5 cm, body mass 80 +/- 5 kg, arm span 178 +/- 7 cm, sitting height 100 +/- 2 cm, aerobic power 3.0 +/- 0.4 l x min(-1), maximum bench press strength 85 +/- 19 kg, right peak paddle force 382 +/- 66 N and left peak paddle force 369 +/- 69 N. For the females, these were: age 26 +/- 6 years, height 168 +/- 5 cm, body mass 70 +/- 8 kg, arm span 170 +/- 5 cm, sitting height 97 +/- 3 cm, aerobic power 2.3 +/- 0.51 l x min(-1), maximum bench press strength 47 +/- 10 kg, right peak paddle force 252 +/- 63 N and left peak paddle force 257 +/- 60 N. Analysis of variance revealed differences (P < 0.05) between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body for peak paddle force, isokinetic internal and external rotation, and flexion and extension torque of the shoulder joint. The outrigger canoe paddlers were generally within the range of scores found to describe participants of other water craft sports. Outrigger canoeists should be concerned with the muscular strength imbalances associated with paddling technique.     

Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes

The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000?h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p?=?.02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p?<?.0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR?=?1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p?<?.001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes.     

竞技体操运动员踝关节损伤的机制与防治

运用献资料法，对竞技体操运动员损伤状况进行分析，发现踝关节损伤在竞技体操训练和比赛中最容易发生，它的损伤通常为扭伤和跟腱的裂伤。重点就这两个方面的受伤机制、预防和康复治疗进行分析，目的是为竞技体操教学、训练提供理论方面的借鉴。