浅述青少年皮划艇运动员选材和训练方法

皮划艇作为一种新的运动项目,对运动员的身体素质、专业能力等方面都有着较高的要求,对此人们需要做好皮划艇运动员的选材工作,根据相关需求加强培训,确保该运动可以得到较快的发展。该运动出现在了在雅典奥运会和北京奥运会中,虽然中国的皮划艇运动项目取得了较好的成绩,但是在后期保持优异的成绩还需要一批可靠的后备力量予以支撑,文章主要浅谈青少年皮划艇运动员的选材和训练方法,对皮划艇运动项目的特点和皮划艇运动员的选材内容、指标等进行了分析,以此提出了针对性的选材和训练方法,旨在为中国皮划艇运动项目的发展提供人才支持。     

皮划艇运动员选材的标准浅析

选材是皮划艇训练工作中的重要环节。皮划艇运动员的选材,就是根据皮划艇运动项目的特点,以科学的测试和预测的方法,从众多的少年儿童和运动员的后备力量中,准确地选拔出那些在先天和后天条件均较优越的、适合于从事皮划艇运动的人才。本文就从皮划艇现状出发,对于皮划艇运动员选材标准进行分析探索,并提出具体的建议与策略,从而为皮划艇运动选材提供参考。     

我国皮划艇运动员赛前的情绪特征

考察我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的总体状况,探讨不同性别、年龄、训练年限、等级、团队凝聚力、教导方式的我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的各维度差异以及不同赛前情绪特征对我国皮划艇运动员运动表现的影响。研究结果表明,我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的总体状况良好;不同赛前情绪特征的我国皮划艇运动员的部分维度存在显著性差异;我国皮划艇运动员赛前情绪特征的部分维度能够预测他们的运动表现。     

我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的研究

采用文献资料、心理测验等方法,探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子状况,探讨不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子差异以及人格特质各因子与我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现的关系。研究结果表明,我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的各因子之间存在显著性差异;不同性别、不同年龄、不同训练年限的我国优秀皮划艇运动员人格特质的部分因子存在显著性差异;其部分因子能够预测我国优秀皮划艇运动员运动表现。     

皮划艇运动员训练和比赛期间的营养结构与安排

根据皮划艇运动项目的特征,阐述了皮划艇运动员的营养特点、基本要求,以及如何做到正确选择和合理利用食物,旨在为皮划艇运动员训练和比赛期的营养安排提供依据。     

皮划艇运动员身体机能特点与评定研究进展

文章阐述了皮划艇运动项目、运动员身体形态和能量代谢的特点，比较分析了目前国内外皮划艇运动员有氧能力、力量素质、机能评定等方面的评价方法和应用现状，重点介绍了我国优秀皮划艇运动员的有关指标水平，对皮划艇运动员的选材和科学训练提供了参考依据。     

浅谈皮划艇训练的方法和问题

皮划艇运动是奥运会的重点项目之一。皮划艇运动员需要拥有较强的综合力量。近年来,我国十分重视皮划艇项目的发展,我国皮划艇运动员在奥运会及多项世界级的锦标赛中都取得了较为优异的成绩。基于此,本文将针对皮划艇训练中的方法和问题展开相关分析与探讨。     

我国部分高校优秀皮划艇运动员运动动机的调查研究

运用心理测量法和数理统计等方法,对我国高校皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平进行调查研究,研究表明:我国高校优秀皮划艇运动员的运动动机水平相对较高,且在运动动机水平上表现出年龄和性别差异.     

青少年皮划艇运动员体能训练研究

文章从皮划艇运动的产生与发展、青少年皮划艇运动员的身心发展特点及其训练需求出发,深入探讨皮划艇运动员的体能训练,从核心力量训练到耐力训练,再到柔韧性和协调性训练,全方位解析如何通过科学合理的训练方法提高运动员的体能水平,以期为运动员的训练提供有益参考。     

皮划艇运动员体能训练方法应用研究

促进皮划艇成绩的提高,体能训练至关重要。以武汉体院皮划艇队15~18岁的9名女运动员的体能训练指标作为本次研究的主要内容。查阅与皮划艇训练相关的文献,通过跟队训练,分析运动结构,在实践中寻找项目体能训练的训练短板,找到适合提高皮划艇运动员专项发展的肌肉部位及动作,以及所产生的功能,讲解动作的原理设计。分析了该项目的运动体能特征,为皮划艇运动员设计体能训练的活动,包括准备活动、力量训练、耐力训练、速度训练、协调性训练、核心区力量训练。经过2个月的综合性体能训练,运动员的VO2max平均提高(10±8)%,个人力量重量提高(5±8)kg,确保了专项机能的储备。     

近年来皮艇划桨技术的变革

随着科技的进步和新材料的出现、器材的改进,皮艇划桨技术动作也应不断改进,使划桨轨迹、膝关节的角度、推桨手完成推桨的位置、划桨的有效幅度及发力时间更趋合理。     

基于实船动力学测试信息的我国优秀女子赛艇运动员技术特征分析

在研制了一种同步检测赛艇运动员手与脚运动生物力学信息的水上实船多源传感信息获取与评价系统的基础上,将该系统长期应用于国家队和部分省队。通过该系统采集国家队两名女子公开级运动员在桨频Sr=32下的实船训练数据,分别从动作结构、桨下支点、手脚配合、左右两边发力对称性等方面对两名运动员的技术特征进行分析,揭示了赛艇运动中的关键技术问题。     

赛艇划桨技术力学分析

通过对桨叶在水中运动的特点及划桨技术、桨力曲线对船产生的影响等问题的分析,从而得出最佳桨力曲线以及正确的身体位移。     

陆上赛艇专项力量训练系统的研制

设计并实现了陆上赛艇专项力量训练系统,展示了初步的实验结果。根据赛艇运动中单人双桨项目的运动特点设计了训练台架并预留扩展功能,选用磁粉制动器作为系统阻力源,用高精度的光电式角位移编码器来检测桨角信号;选用了单片机和智能化的外围接口芯片构成了系统硬件部分,保证了实时准确的数据采集发送和系统控制;软件系统实现对测试数据进行基本的信号处理和统计学分析,解决训练过程中的可视化问题,设计了友好的人机交互界面。经过初步实验,系统达到赛艇专项力量训练的基本要求。     

A mathematical model of the oar blade - water interaction in rowing

Our aim was to present a mathematical model of rowing and sculling that allowed for a comparison of oar blade designs. The relative movement between the oar blades and water during the drive phase of the stroke was modelled, and the lift and drag forces generated by this complex interaction were determined. The model was driven by the oar shaft angular velocity about the oarlock in the horizontal plane, and was shown to be valid against measured on-water mean steady-state shell velocity for both a heavyweight men's eight and a lightweight men's single scull. Measured lift and drag force coefficients previously presented by the authors were used as inputs to the model, whichs allowed for the influence of oar blade design on rowing performance to be determined. The commonly used Big Blade, which is curved, and it's flat equivalent were compared, and blade curvature was shown to generate a 1.14% improvement in mean boat velocity, or a 17.1-m lead over 1500 m. With races being won and lost by much smaller margins than this, blade curvature would appear to play a significant role in propulsion.     

Dynamics of coordination within elite rowing crews: evidence from force pattern analysis.

For a rowing crew to be successful, the movements of the rowers need to be well coordinated. Because rowers show individual force patterns, they have to adapt their movements when rowing as a crew. In this exploratory study, these hypothesized changes in movement pattern were examined. The force graphs of six elite coxless fours crews were recorded over 11 training runs using strain gauges attached to the oars. A detailed force analysis showed that form differences, but not area differences, between force patterns decreased when force output increased as a result of two different processes. First, increasing force output reduced form differences instantaneously by reducing the individual variation in force patterns. Secondly, the kinaesthetic perception of form differences is easier than that of area differences. This better perception facilitates the adaptation of movement patterns, especially when force output is high.     

辽宁省激流回旋男子划艇运动员初级选材研究

通过专家访谈法确定了激流回旋男子划艇项目初级选材指标,运用实验法对辽宁省7名男子划艇集训队员进行了检测,结果是身体形态与静水男子划艇相似,大多数运动员机能较好,基础运动能力较强。     

A mathematical model of the oar blade – water interaction in rowing

Abstract

Our aim was to present a mathematical model of rowing and sculling that allowed for a comparison of oar blade designs. The relative movement between the oar blades and water during the drive phase of the stroke was modelled, and the lift and drag forces generated by this complex interaction were determined. The model was driven by the oar shaft angular velocity about the oarlock in the horizontal plane, and was shown to be valid against measured on-water mean steady-state shell velocity for both a heavyweight men's eight and a lightweight men's single scull. Measured lift and drag force coefficients previously presented by the authors were used as inputs to the model, whichs allowed for the influence of oar blade design on rowing performance to be determined. The commonly used Big Blade, which is curved, and it's flat equivalent were compared, and blade curvature was shown to generate a 1.14% improvement in mean boat velocity, or a 17.1-m lead over 1500 m. With races being won and lost by much smaller margins than this, blade curvature would appear to play a significant role in propulsion.     

Asymmetry in elite rowers: effect of ergometer design and stroke rate

Between limb movement asymmetries and foot force production asymmetries are thought to be detrimental for both rower's performance and risk of injury, particularly when rowing frequently on ergometers. Several ergometers with different designs can be used by rowers as part of their indoor training. Hence, this study aimed to compare asymmetries in lower limb joint kinematics and foot force production with respect to ergometer design and rowing intensity. A new symmetry index was proposed to assess these asymmetries in elite rowers during a test on three ergometers. Additionally, the asymmetry in lower limb length was assessed to investigate its relationship with kinematic and kinetic asymmetries. Parameters describing medium (5–10%) or high (>10%) asymmetries were compared between rowing ergometers and intensities. Results indicated medium asymmetries for the ankle joint angle and hip–knee joint accelerations and high asymmetries for the resultant force and the ankle joint acceleration associated with a low inter-stroke variability. Kinetic asymmetry was neither correlated to kinematic asymmetry nor with lower limb length asymmetry. The use of a mobile ergometer led to higher joint acceleration asymmetries. Further studies are necessary to investigate the relation between these findings and muscular adaptations that may increase the risk of lower-back injury.     

论划船训练中的技术诊断

论述划船训练中技术诊断的目的、内容、方法与手段,并以建立的划船运动的3个运动学方程和2个动力学方程为基础,建立划桨技术诊断模型,结合SF-2船速桨频测量仪的应用,列举出2个成功的技术诊断实例。