A Roundabout Revolution: Rethinking the Decolonization of Rwanda by the Practices of the Catholic Scouting Movement, 1954–1964

Modelling itself on the organizational structure and the physical fitness culture of Catholic scouting, the xaveri movement in Rwanda developed within a climate which was highly susceptible to the development of deep racial and political divisions. Between 1954 and 1964, this Catholic youth organization was influential in the gestation of a Christian democratic culture which was one of the essential elements of the ideology behind the ‘Hutu revolution’. Covering the colonial to the postcolonial period and from the angle of the rise of the xaveri movement, this paper shows how the ‘Hutu revolution’ was a consequence of a liberation struggle from an imagined oppressor. This is in reference to colonial privileges attributed (until the end of the 1940s) to the Tutsi minority. However, and still from the perspective of the organization explored here, it seems that the model of the ‘civilised Tutsi’ targeted by the revolutionary Hutu movement was the essential referent of the more subconscious invention by republican leaders.     

The effect of video‐feedback on the learning of the tennis service by intermediate players

Effects of video‐feedback on improvement of the tennis service were investigated in subjects having at least 2 years of playing experience in tennis. The experiment was carried out in an indoor tennis hall under normal training conditions.

Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: a video‐feedback training (VFT) group, a traditional training (TT) group and a control group, each consisting of 22 subjects. While the subjects of the control group received no training at all, subjects in both the VFT and TT groups were trained twice weekly during 5 consecutive weeks. Each training session lasted 40 min, of which 30 min was spent on actual practice in training of the service. The remaining 10 min was spent on watching, analysing and discussing video recordings of either their own service performed during the training session (VFT group), or ground strokes and volleys of top level players (TT group). Both the VFT and TT group showed significantly greater improvements in both achievement scores and form (technique) scores than did the control group. No differences, however, could be demonstrated between the VFT and TT group, indicating that the subjects of the former group did not benefit from the video‐feedback they received.

While form scores correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with the velocity of the served ball, no such relation between form scores and spatial accuracy was apparent.     

A coaches’ perspective on the contribution of anthropometry,physical performance,and motor coordination in racquet sports

ABSTRACT

Differences and similarities between table tennis and other racquet sports exist, but are not well documented in the literature, in spite of the relevance for talent identification. In this study we aimed at identifying the key characteristics of table tennis in comparison with tennis and badminton based upon a survey in coaches. A total of 177 licensed coaches from all across the world and with diverse professional backgrounds completed a survey on anthropometric measures, physical performance, and motor coordination skills. On a scale from 1 to 10, coaches indicated to what extent a talent characteristic was important for their sport. MANOVA identified key differences as well as similarities between all three racquet sports and a subsequent discriminant analysis allocated coaches correctly for table tennis, tennis, and badminton 81.01%, 55.6%, and 71.4% respectively. Our results show that table tennis and other racquet sport coaches are well aware of differences between the racquet sports and also the importance and value of testing and assortment of skill components. These findings can assist coaches in future talent orientation and transfer in racquet sports.     

Acrobatics on Ice Starting to Shine——Sidelights on the Development of Heilongjiang Acrobatics and Dancing on Ice Troupe

As the first acrobatic artistic troupe with the performance on ice, Heilongjiang Acrobatics and Dancing on Ice Troupe has been on a fast developing way in virtue of her perseverance on acrobatics and has started to shine uniquely in the performance market since her founding.     

Research on Situation of Athletics Sports by Barretto＇s Analysis in Hubei Province——with the National Games as an Example from the Eighth to Eleventh

运用文献资料、数理统计等方法,对湖北省在近四届全运会成绩的分析,湖北省优势项目为网球、体操、羽毛球、游泳、赛艇、皮划艇和跳水,优势项目主要集中于技能主导类表现难美性项群和技战能主导类隔网对抗性项群。夺金项目布局面狭小,没有形成团队优势。必须调整和完善竞技项目设置,合理进行项目布局,从而提升竞技运动综合实力。     

Subjectivation by video—ethnographic explorations on practices of video analysis in high-performance youth football

This paper deals with video-based match and performance analysis in high-performance youth football. It draws on empirical material gathered during ethnographic research conducted with two teams organized within the framework of the youth academy of a German First Division football club. The material is analysed from a perspective inspired by sociological practice theories as well as the theoretical concept of subjectivation. The paper investigates the different contexts and practices of training in which videos occur and sheds light on their implications for the organization of play as well as for the development of players and coaches. Using long-term participatory observations and narratively designed qualitative interviews, it is revealed that videos serve different and heterogeneous purposes within different practices. Thus, this paper details not only the intended and obvious effects of video analysis, such as the optimization of play and training, but also its unintended and widely ignored side effects.     

The Research on the Modern Chinese Sword Development——Under the Reference of Japnanese Kendo＇s Cultural System

中国短兵运动发展历史悠久,但由于其自身存在一定不足及遭遇战乱等原因,至今仍未形成完善的项目发展体系。文章运用文献资料法和比较分析等研究方法,对中国短兵与日本剑道进行了比较,着重从文化三层次理论的角度对日本剑道体系进行了解读,认为日本剑道目前已形成了以核心文化层、物器技术层、制度习俗层为核心的日本剑道文化体系,发挥了该项目完善人格以及促进社会和谐发展的独特功能,给遭遇发展＂瓶颈＂的中国短兵带来了启迪与借鉴。由此建议中国短兵应在日本剑道防具基础上开发中国特色短兵防具,重点加强项目核心理念文化的构建,建立项目技术体系与运行机制,从而形成道器合一的中国特色短兵体系。     

A level playing ‘field’? A Bourdieusian analysis of the career aspirations of further education students on sports courses

There is currently a distinct dearth of research into how sports students' career aspirations are formed during their post-compulsory education. This article, based on an ethnographic study of sport students in tertiary education, draws on data collected from two first-year cohorts (n = 34) on two different courses at a further education college in England. The study draws on ethnographic observations, and semi-structured group interviews, to examine in-depth the contrasting occupational perspectives emergent within these two groups of mainly working-class students, and how specific cultural practices affect students' career aspirations. Utilising a Bourdieusian framework, the paper analyses the internalised, often latent cultural practices that impact upon these students' diverse career aspirations. The hitherto under-researched dimension of inter-habitus interaction and also the application of doxa are outlined. The article reveals how the two student cohorts are situated within a complex field of relations, where struggles for legitimisation, academic accomplishment and numerous forms of lucrative capital become habituated. The study offers salient Bourdieusian-inspired insights into the career aspirations of these predominantly working-class students and the ways in which certain educational practices contribute to the production and reproduction of class inequalities.     

A Critical Review of R. L. Simon’s Contribution to the Doping in Sport Literature

Abstract

In the following article, it will be argued that there are at least four clusters of arguments generally proposed to justify banning doping in sport and that Simon’s contribution has been of a seminal nature to at least two of the clusters.