Enhancing Television Literacy Skills Among Preschool Children Through an Intervention Program in the Kindergarten

A study amongst 150 preschool children assigned to experimental and control groups indicates that an intervention program supported by systematic teachers' mediation can enhance preschoolers interpretive skills of television material, such as the ability to identify elements of fantasy in a television presentation in relation to special effects, the ability to bridge temporal and logical gaps, the ability to identify elements of camera work and their visual implications and the ability to make intelligent predictions based on inference from visual cues.     

Efficacy of an Intervention Program for Attention and Reflexivity in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

There has been increasing evidence in recent years of the need to adapt intervention programs to the specific needs of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main goal of this research work was to study the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve attention and reflexivity in school children with ADHD in order to verify the improvements in symptoms associated with ADHD such as aggressivity, social isolation, anxiety, and attention deficit. The sample was comprised of 26 primary school children ranging from 7 to 10 years of age with ADHD. Symptoms of children with ADHD were evaluated by applying the Escalas Magallanes Screening Scale for Attention Deficits and Other Developmental Problems in Children (EMA‐DDA) at two time points (pre and post). The results show a statistically significant reduction in symptoms on the aggressivity and social isolation scales measured with the EMA‐DDA after applying the intervention program. These data supports the potential value of an intervention program for working with ADHD children.     

Uncovering Community Cultural Wealth Through an Early Intervention Program: Syrian Refugee Children Speaking

Early Childhood Education Journal - The voices of young refugee children are often unheard and unacknowledged in early childhood research. Deficit views that perpetuate their vulnerability and...     

How Perceptions of an Intervention Program Affect Outcomes

Goals for Health was a National Cancer Institute funded program designed to impact health behaviors of adolescents living in rural Virginia and New York. This study examined three specific objectives: (a) to examine participants' perceptions of the program components and the relationship between program components and overall program perception, (b) to examine whether subgroups of our participant population perceived the program differently, and (c) to examine whether having positive perceptions of the program predicted changes in program outcomes. Results indicated that program components were significantly related to program perceptions. Perceptions of the program did not differ by subgroup and program perceptions significantly predicted changes in tobacco attitudes and self-efficacy about eating behaviors. Given these findings, school consultants should become aware of how implementation of a program and perceptions of a program may impact program outcomes.     

Effects of a Brief Intervention Program to Promote Prosocial Behaviors in Young Children

A classroom procedure that did not involve extensive teacher training nor intrusion into the school system was found to be easily implemented for one month with second graders. The children were encouraged to report during daily circle time how they had been kind, cooperative, helpful, or sharing with a peer. The report had to be corroborated by at least one classmate. Each prosocial action resulted in a star being placed on a class star chart. Pre and post observations of the frequency of prosocial actions by the intervention class and a randomly chosen control class revealed a significant increase in prosocial actions among peers in the intervention classroom.     

Effects of a Brief Intervention Program to Promote Prosocial Behaviors in Young Children

A classroom procedure that did not involve extensive teacher training nor intrusion into the school system was found to be easily implemented for one month with second graders. The children were encouraged to report during daily circle time how they had been kind, cooperative, helpful, or sharing with a peer. The report had to be corroborated by at least one classmate. Each prosocial action resulted in a star being placed on a class star chart. Pre and post observations of the frequency of prosocial actions by the intervention class and a randomly chosen control class revealed a significant increase in prosocial actions among peers in the intervention classroom.     

An Activity-Based Language Intervention Program for Kindergarten Children: A Retrospective Evaluation

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a small-group intervention based on the naturalistic approach on 220 children from 3–5 years of age. All kindergarten children received weekly sessions delivered by a SLP in collaboration with the kindergarten teacher. These sessions included various book related activities. Two intervention groups were identified: children from middle SES neighborhoods and children from low SES neighborhoods. A control group was matched to the first group and included children from middle SES neighborhoods. Children participating in the program were pre and post tested using three language tests in order to assess basic language skills. The main finding was that children in the intervention groups showed significantly greater gains from pre- to post-test relative to children in the comparison group. The program benefited children from different SES environments. The greatest progress was in the area of vocabulary. In sum, the combination of small group setting and age-appropriate interactive activities served to provide language promoting opportunities for these children.     

The Cost-Effectiveness of Adding One Type of Parent Involvement to an Early Intervention Program

The belief that parent involvement is an important aspect of early intervention programs for children with disabilities is widely accepted, but the empirical evidence to support this belief is limited (White, Taylor, & Moss, 1992). Using a randomized experimental design, the present study compared a classroom-based early intervention program with the same program supplemented by a parent involvement component. The parent involvement component consisted of weekly parent meetings focused on (a) training parents to provide additional intervention, (b) providing information on general topics, and (c) providing social support. Outcome data were obtained following intervention and longitudinally on child and family functioning, and on educational outcomes. A cost-effectiveness analysis was completed. With respect to measures of child development and family functioning, there were some small initial effects in favor of the parent involvement group that tended to fade out in later reassessments. However, longitudinal educational outcomes indicate positive effects on child placements and teacher perceptions of the children's functioning in favor of the parent involvement group. The parent involvement component was not immediately cost effective, but may be in the long term.     

国外心理危机干预对我国儿童心理危机干预的启示

重大危机事件对儿童心理产生的危害不可估量,本文阐述了重大危机事件对儿童心理造成的影响,基于对国外心理危机干预理论及实践的分析,总结出适合我国国情的儿童心理危机干预的具体实施方案,对我国的灾害心理学的发展、完善和改进我国危机干预的方法和手段具有重要的意义。     

Long-Term Effects of First-Grade Multitier Intervention

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effects of 2 first-grade Response to Intervention (RTI) models (Dynamic and Typical RTI) on the reading performance of students in second and third grade. Participants included 419 first-grade students (352 in second grade and 278 in third grade after attrition). Students were classified based on first-grade screeners as at risk or not at risk and then based on their RTI (no risk [NR], relative easy to remediate [ER], and requiring sustained remediation [SR]). Students in the dynamic RTI condition had higher reading comprehension scores at the end of third grade. At the end of second grade, ER and SR students had lower reading scores than NR students. At the end of third grade, there were no differences in reading skills between ER and NR students, but SR students had lower scores than NR students. ER students in the dynamic RTI condition had higher reading scores at the end of second grade than those in the typical RTI condition. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.     

Prevention and Intervention Programming: Lessons from an After-School Program

Given that thoughtfully developed formal after-school programs can make a difference in the academic performance of schoolchildren, and that some public schools are implementing their own on-site after-school curricula, this study sought to identify programmatic features that appear to be associated with successful after-school programming. Qualitative methods were used and the study site was the Manchester Youth Development Center, which has a twenty-five-year record of effective service. The six elements found as salient were that both structure and autonomous space are provided; academic achievement is supported; the program is culturally consistent (in the present case, African-American cultural patterns are evidenced); there is a core of committed authoritative adults; the leadership is child-centered; and the environment is safe.     

Effects of Early Intervention on Intellectual and Academic Achievement: A Follow-up Study of Children from Low-Income Families

Follow-up data, obtained 4–7 years after intervention ended, are presented for the Carolina Abecedarian Project, an experimental study of early childhood educational intervention for children from poverty families. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention conditions: educational treatment from infancy through 3 years in public school (up to age 8); preschool treatment only (infancy to age 5); primary school treatment only (age 5–8 years), or an untreated control group. Positive effects of preschool treatment on intellectual development and academic achievement were maintained through age 12. School-age treatment alone was less effective. Results generally supported an intensity hypothesis in that scores on cognitive and academic achievement measures increased as duration of treatment increased.     

违纪大学生心理干预实证性研究

高职学生违纪现象比较突出,而且其间伴随着各种心理问题,这对高职院校的学生管理工作提出了挑战。通过实证性研究,分析学生违纪现状、特点及违纪学生个体心理特点,提出了心理干预策略,包括制定心理干预的目标和原则;健全干预机构、完善心理障碍干预机制;对学生进行合理分类;培训心理干预人员;安排丰富多彩的校园活动;改革教学工作;提高学校后勤服务水平等。     

The Effect of an Education Program for Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Jordan

There are few support services for parents of children with a disability in Jordan. The present exploratory study investigated whether the provision of an education program in Jordan for mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder increased mothers’ understanding of their child’s behaviour, improved the mothers’ coping skills, and reduced their stress levels. Following the education program, the mothers reported a statistically significant reduction in stress levels, an increase in coping skills, and an improvement in mother-child interaction. Compared to fathers, mothers’ stress levels were significantly higher and their coping skills were significantly lower. The outcomes have valuable implications for interventions for families with a child with ASD living in Jordan or in other Arabic countries.     

边缘儿童个案研究及教育干预

边缘儿童往往表现为心理焦虑,行为偏差、交往不畅、游离群体等心理症状或行为问题。他们是有特殊需要的一类儿童,但其在正常教育机构中的特殊需要并未得到满足,生存现状不容乐观,这需要教师和家长针对边缘儿童问题给予及时关注和心理干预。本文通过个案观察法和访谈法分析边缘儿童成因,并在此基础上提出通过心智化教育减缓边缘儿童边缘化倾向;通过沙盘游戏减轻边缘儿童焦虑情绪和交往不畅;通过涂鸦游戏减少边缘儿童行为问题,以期为家长和教师提供教育借鉴。     

Follow-up Evaluation of a Faculty Training Program in Aging Research

In collaboration with distinguished scholars and National Institute on Aging (NIA) staff, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a research training program in aging for psychology faculty from 4-year colleges. The goal of the program was to build and sustain a community of college faculty committed to conducting aging research, incorporating recent advances in their courses, and engaging undergraduate students in aging research. Program design included an initial 2-week summer institute, ongoing consultation, a midyear meeting during the intervening year, and a follow-up institute. The initial institute focused on research methodology, selected content areas, and procedural matters related to preparation and submission of grant applications. There were 2 follow-up meetings that provided participants with extended opportunities to discuss the proposal they were developing. Between 1998 and 2004, 6 cohorts of psychology faculty (with 13–15 members in each cohort) participated in the program. This paper reports the results of a follow-up evaluation we conducted in September 2004.     

Preschool Self-Regulation and Preacademic Skills as Mediators of the Long-Term Impacts of an Early Intervention

This study explores children's early academic and self-regulatory skills as potential pathways through which a preschool enrichment program—the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP)—may contribute to low-income children's long-term outcomes (N = 466; M_age at baseline = 4.10 years). We find that CSRP's impact on high school grades may be partially explained by early gains in vocabulary and math skills. Although impacts on high school executive function (EF) were more equivocal, our results suggest that early improvements in math skills attributable to the intervention may, in turn, predict long-term gains in EF skills. These results complement the existing literature on preschool fade out, while also shedding light on the cross-domain relations between academic and self-regulatory skills.     

构建青少年自杀危机干预体系

近年来,青少年学生自杀事件时有发生.构建青少年自杀危机干预体系已成为当前学校心理健康教育和生命教育的一项迫切任务.青少年自杀危机干预体系的构建思路可归纳为:一个基本理念,两个工作重心,三个实践环节.青少年自杀危机干预的关键是正确认识和理解青少年的自杀行为,积极关注和研究自杀问题,整合社会、学校、家庭等各种资源.     

新起点项目:一项预防离异家庭儿童心理健康问题的家长干预技术

新起点项目(New Beginnings Program,NBP)是美国心理学家Wolchik等人为预防离异家庭儿童心理健康问题而编制的一套家长干预技术。NBP面向离异母亲,包括为期十周的团体培训及两次个别辅导。NBP课程的内容包括提高母亲与孩子的亲子关系质量,增强母亲管教孩子的有效性,增进父亲与孩子的接触与联系,减少父母冲突对孩子的影响,从而达到预防离异家庭儿童心理健康问题的目的。近年来我国离婚人数持续上升,离异家庭儿童的心理健康问题不容忽视。本文详细介绍了NBP的理论基础、发展过程、内容、形式等,收集了NBP的临床实验研究证据,并进一步讨论了如何将NBP引入中国家庭。