Functional torque ratios and torque curve analysis of shoulder rotations in overhead athletes with and without impingement symptoms

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the peak torque, functional torque ratios, and torque curve profile of the shoulder rotators in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms so as to examine possible alterations in response to sports training and shoulder pain. Twenty-one overhead athletes with impingement symptoms were compared with 25 overhead athletes and 21 non-athletes, none of whom were symptomatic for impingement. The participants performed five maximal isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions of medial and lateral shoulder rotations at 1.57 rad · s^?1 and 3.14 rad · s^?1. Isokinetic peak torque was used to calculate the eccentric lateral rotation-to-concentric medial rotation and the eccentric medial rotation-to-concentric lateral rotation ratios. An analysis of the torque curve profiles was also carried out. The eccentric lateral rotation-to-concentric medial rotation torque ratio of asymptomatic athletes was lower than that of non-athletes at both test velocities. The concentric medial rotation isokinetic peak torque of the asymptomatic athletes, at 3.14 rad · s^?1, was greater than that of the non-athletes, and the peak appeared to occur earlier in the movement for athletes than non-athletes. These findings suggest that there may be adaptations to shoulder function in response to throwing practice. The eccentric medial rotation-to-concentric lateral rotation torque ratio was altered neither by the practice of university-level overhead sports nor impingement symptoms.     

Vertical jumping height and horizontal overhead throwing velocity in young male athletes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of calendar and skeletal age, anthropometric dimensions, training history and their interactions on vertical jumping height and horizontal overhead throwing velocity in a cross‐section of 318 young male athletes (age range 9–16 years) participating in cross‐country skiing (n = 70), basketball (n = 40), apparatus gymnastics (n = 19), ice hockey (n = 50), track and field (n = 89) and wrestling (n = 50). Vertical jumping height was measured with four different loads held on the shoulders and then interpolated for loads representing 0 and 40% body mass. Horizontal overhead throwing velocity using both hands was determined for seven balls of different weights and then interpolated for weights representing 1 and 5% body mass.

Both vertical jumping height and overhead throwing velocity were found to increase (P< 0.01) from the skeletally youngest to the oldest cohort when the effects of body height and mass were controlled. The inter‐event comparisons did not reveal statistically significant differences in respect of vertical jumping height. Also in the overhead throwing tests, the inter‐event differences were small, although the analysis of variance revealed statistically significant (P< 0.001) differences for the skeletal age cohorts of 13 and 14 years. While the quantity of training had no effect on vertical jumping height, it explained the results in the overhead throwing test.

The effects of training on vertical jumping and horizontal overhead throwing among adolescent athletes were considered to be small, while maturational processes and anthropometric development followed by increase in calendar age were deemed to be of greater importance.     

Vertical jumping height and horizontal overhead throwing velocity in young male athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of calendar and skeletal age, anthropometric dimensions, training history and their interactions on vertical jumping height and horizontal overhead throwing velocity in a cross-section of 318 young male athletes (age range 9-16 years) participating in cross-country skiing (n = 70), basketball (n = 40), apparatus gymnastics (n = 19), ice hockey (n = 50), track and field (n = 89) and wrestling (n = 50). Vertical jumping height was measured with four different loads held on the shoulders and then interpolated for loads representing 0 and 40% body mass. Horizontal overhead throwing velocity using both hands was determined for seven balls of different weights and then interpolated for weights representing 1 and 5% body mass. Both vertical jumping height and overhead throwing velocity were found to increase (P < 0.01) from the skeletally youngest to the oldest cohort when the effects of body height and mass were controlled. The inter-event comparisons did not reveal statistically significant differences in respect of vertical jumping height. Also in the overhead throwing tests, the inter-event differences were small, although the analysis of variance revealed statistically significant (P < 0.001) differences for the skeletal age cohorts of 13 and 14 years. While the quantity of training had no effect on vertical jumping height, it explained the results in the overhead throwing test. The effects of training on vertical jumping and horizontal overhead throwing among adolescent athletes were considered to be small, while maturational processes and anthropometric development followed by increase in calendar age were deemed to be of greater importance.     

乒乓球运动员肩关节损伤原因及预防对策

肩关节损伤在乒乓球运动损伤中最为常见,损伤不仅影响运动员运动成绩的提高、运动寿命的减短,甚至给运动员的生理、心理造成严重的影响。本文分析了乒乓球运动员肩关节损伤的原因,并相应提出有效的预防措施,旨在为保证训练的正常进行及提高运动员的运动寿命提供参考。     

我国优秀划艇运动员肩、肘关节肌力特征的比较研究

运用等速测试系统对备战伦敦奥运会的国家划艇运动员的肩关节、肘关节肌力进行测试与分析。结果表明:1)从力矩角度来看,优秀运动员与一般运动员在肩、肘关节肌力特征中存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且屈肌和伸肌的力矩角度分别呈现不同的特征;2)从峰力矩比值来看,在不同速度运动下,国家队优秀运动员和一般运动员均存在屈伸比的失衡问题,即最大力量上存在屈伸肌群发展的不合理化现象(<50%),随着测试速度的增加,屈伸比呈递减趋势;3)在肘关节两侧同名肌群的比较中同样存在不均衡现象,尤其是伸肌的两侧差值较大;4)肩关节的肌力特征也存在类似的现象,但屈肌明显不如伸肌力量。结论:应逐步加强划艇运动员肩、肘关节同侧屈伸肌群和异侧同名肌群的力量均衡性训练,并提高肩关节的屈肌力量能力。     

竞技舞龙运动员肩关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、测试法、数理统计法,探讨和研究了舞龙运动员等速运动状态下肩关节屈伸肌群的力学特征以及肌力的相互关系。结果表明:舞龙运动员肩关节屈伸肌的峰值力矩和相对峰力矩随着测试角速度的增加而下降;且左侧肩关节屈伸肌的峰值力矩和相对峰力矩均大于另一侧;肩关节屈伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩值均表现为伸肌群明显大于屈肌群;肩关节伸肌的峰力矩均大于屈肌的峰力矩;伸肌群的平均功率也明显大于屈肌群的平均功率。     

23例运动员膝关节损伤的MRI影像分析

目的探讨与总结磁共振成像在臻关节损伤的影像应用中的价值.方法分析运动员膝关节创伤的病例原因及特点.结果 23例膝关节创伤引起的软骨、软骨下骨、韧带、肌肉及关节囊损伤在MRI中的影像学信号改变.结论 MRI对于膝关节损伤具有高度敏感性,尤其是各种序列的应用对发现细微的病变及增加检出率很有帮助.     

从国外运动员的投掷特征看我国优秀女子链球选手的投掷技术

对我国5名优秀女子链球运动员使用近景动态三维录像分析系统分析运动员的投掷技术,结果表明,第四圈双支撑阶段加速能力较强,但在第四圈单支撑阶段速度损失过大;链球旋转速度增量与各圈轨迹中双支撑与单支撑的比值有关,增大链球各圈轨迹中双支撑与单支撑的比值有助于链球旋转速度增量的提高;加大投掷动作的动作幅度,增大各圈旋转中运动员的各运动环节的最大值与最小值的差值对链球旋转速度增量的提高具有十分重要意义。     

山东省高校高水平运动员测试成绩分析

1前言高校高水平运动队的意义,不仅在于可以提高运动员竞技水平,而且还能为中国体育事业培养新生力量。1987年4月,国家教委、国家体委首次确立了51所招收高水平学生运动员的试点院校,并对招生对象、招生方法、教学管理等做了初步规定。经过十几年的探索和尝试,高校试办高水平运     

我国赛艇运动员力量训练手段的调查分析

通过调查与分析赛艇运动员力量训练的手段,发现目前的力量训练多是单一关节,且肌群参与度低,非协同做功,专项化程度不高;重视大力量,力量耐力的训练,忽视了快速力量的训练比重;对核心训练的认识和掌握不够,直接影响了训练效果;忽视了小肌群及柔韧、协调、灵敏、平衡等能力的训练,专项动作质量低;运动员文化程度低,对训练方法的理解能力差。建议:训练理念要更新,多采用非稳态、非平衡训练,提高专项化,重视快速力量与核心力量训练,增加柔韧性及本体感觉平衡稳定性的训练,来提高动作质量,同时要加强文化教育。     

赛艇运动员测功仪速度素质的测试分析

通过研制的位移速度测试设备，对国家队备战2004奥运会双桨选手进行了测功仪拉桨速度的测试，揭示了测功仪训练的一些规律，为利用测功仪进行科学的训练提供依据。     

高校运动员与非运动员健康素养比较分析

目的:了解福建省高校运动员与非运动员健康素养水平和具备健康素养影响因素的差别,为体育类高校根据体育生群体特点制定稳健的干预措施提供依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对1526名运动员与非运动员健康素养得分和具备水平进行比较分析,Logistic回归比较分析具备健康素养的显著性影响因素,Pearson比较各类健康素养的相关性。结果:运动员与非运动员同类别健康素养得分和具备率均很低而且相差很小,各类素养均低于2017年国家基线水平;具备素养影响因素,仅科学健康观在家庭地域、没读过素养知识以及安全与急救在没读过素养知识等组间呈共性差异;运动员与非运动员3方面健康素养两两之间均非常显著相关,科学健康观与传染病防治、安全与急救、基本医疗以及健康信息,安全与急救和传染病防治、健康信息以及基本医疗,基本医疗与健康信息等8对问题也均显著相关,传染病防治与健康信息的显著相关单独存在非运动员中。结论:运动员与非运动员健康素养与健康中国行动要求差距大,具备健康素养的显著性影响因素共性差异少,在加快推进健康素养专项建设和教育的过程中,需适度区别对待,重视显著相关问题之间的联合教育。     

少年武术运动员损伤情况的调查与分析

近年来。少年武术运动员的技术水平提高很快,但同时也频频伴有损伤的发生,轻者影响训练和比赛,重者停训或中止运动生涯。不利于少年运动员的成长。为了更好地促进少年运动员水平的提高,推动武术运动的发展。就训练中常见的运动损伤及造成损伤的原因进行调查分析,以便预防伤病。     

运动员心理唤醒量表的编制与初步分析

根据心理唤醒的概念模型，在对以往有关运动员心理唤醒测量工具的广泛研究和预备测试的基础上，编制出运动员心理唤醒量表(第1版)。采用“运动员心理唤醒量表”对240名运动员进行了测试。在对229份有效测验的项目分析基础上，剔除了第1版量表中的11个项目，形成了包括31个测验项目的运动员心理唤醒量表(第2版)。进一步的项目分析表明，运动员心理唤醒量表第2版各项目的区分度高，各分测验的内部一致性信度达到了心理测量学的基本要求。     

奥运会国内选拔若干问题的专家调查及分析

根据所设计组织的专家专题调查,就我国奥运会国家队选拔工作的指导思想、基本原则和影响因素,选拔方法的选择运用,选拔存在的问题,完善选拔管理的对策建议诸方面,对专家反馈意见进行科学的分析归纳,以期为进一步规范国家队的选拔工作,建立符合现代竞技体育发展趋势的、公平合理、竞争有序的国内奥运会参赛选拔机制,提供管理决策依据。     

赛艇运动员力量耐力训练的测试分析

利用研制的力量素质测试设备,对武汉体育学院女子轻量级赛艇运动员的杠铃卧拉力量耐力训练手段进行了测试.测试结果说明,赛艇运动员的力量耐力可以通过功率变化来评定,可以通过功率变化幅度判断一名运动员的力量耐力水平,通过这种简单的测试方法可以科学地指导运动员训练.     

女子短道速滑运动员入弯与出弯躯干角度的运动学研究

运用影像测量法,对高水平运动员入弯与出弯蹬冰技术的动作结构规律进行研究,旨在为确立正确的入弯与出弯道蹬冰技术概念提供参考。     

对运动员速度力量训练手段的聚类分析与应用研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、模糊数学法、数理统计法等研究方法,对速度力量训练手段进行了模糊聚类分析,并对训练手段的比例分配进行了研究。结果表明：1）速度力量训练手段可分为：综合发展速度力量素质类、发展上肢力量类和发展腿部力量类;2）不同训练手段的比例分配,可以突出训练专项化,节省训练时间与精力。     

我国运动员伤残保险现状的调查与分析

对我国具有代表性的省市运动员参加伤残保险的现状进行了调查。我国运动员参保的只有32．2％。经济发达地区和部分体育大省运动员参保比例相对较高。一线运动员参保较多，占76．1％，二、三线运动员参保的分别为40．7％、21．5％；在参保的险种上，经济发达地区和体育大省与经济不发达地区的运动员没有区别，都局限于医疗保险、伤残互助险、意外伤害险、劳动保险和商业自主保险等有限的险种上。     

女子短道速滑运动员入弯与出弯躯干角度的运动学研究

运用影像测量法,对高水平运动员入弯与出弯蹬冰技术的动作结构规律进行研究,旨在为确立正确的入弯与出弯道蹬冰技术概念提供参考。