A new design method based on artificial bee colony algorithm for digital IIR filters

Digital filters can be broadly classified into two groups: recursive (infinite impulse response (IIR)) and non-recursive (finite impulse response (FIR)). An IIR filter can provide a much better performance than the FIR filter having the same number of coefficients. However, IIR filters might have a multi-modal error surface. Therefore, a reliable design method proposed for IIR filters must be based on a global search procedure. Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has been recently introduced for global optimization. The ABC algorithm simulating the intelligent foraging behaviour of honey bee swarm is a simple, robust, and very flexible algorithm. In this work, a new method based on ABC algorithm for designing digital IIR filters is described and its performance is compared with that of a conventional optimization algorithm (LSQ-nonlin) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.     

Analytical design of multidimensional recursive digital filters with cubic symmetry and constant group delays

An analytical technique is developed for designing multidimensional (M-D) separable-denominator recursive digital filters that meet, simultaneously, magnitude and phase specifications. A cubic symmetry that exists in the M-D frequency response is incorporated into the M-D filter structure. The denominator and the numerator of an M-D transfer function are designed separately. The former is used to approximate constant group delays and the latter is used to adjust an overall magnitude response. The filter is analytically designed by solving linear equations only. This serves to reduce the amount of calculations drastically. The stability of the resulting filter is always guaranteed. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the utility of the proposed technique.     

Least-squares design of two-dimensional recursive filters with specified magnitude and linear phase

An efficient space-domain procedure is presented for the design of two-dimensional recursive filters with specified magnitude and linear phase. The design procedure is based on both the canonical and the modified least-squares approximation techniques. The nonlinear equations obtained in the canonical least-squares approximation are efficiently solved by the one- dimensional Gauss—Newton optimization method, after the two-dimensional data are lexico- graphically ordered. The gradient and the Hessian matrix, needed in the solution, are calculated recursively. Initial values of the parameters are obtained from the linear modified least-squares (MLS) approximation. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed design procedure, the design of fan and circularly symmetric filters are given.     

Block implementation of two-dimensional digital filters

A novel principle known as block transformation is developed for the block implementation of two-dimensional (2-D) digital filters. It employs the one-dimensional (1-D) block implementation concept forwarded by Burrus (7) as a basic tool. Using this block transformation principle three distinct forms of 2-D block equations are derived. The generalized nature of the approach presented here facilitates the straightforward extension of this technique to higher dimensional digital filters.     

Rational approximation of three-dimensional digital filters

Two techniques are developed for approximating a given three-dimensional (3-D) digital filter by a 3-D rational function. The one is by a general 3-D rational function and the other by a 3-D rational function which is separable in the denominator. Each technique relies on the use of mixed first and second information, in the form of a finite portion of the impulse response and its autocorrelation sequence. The approximation is performed by solving a set of linear equations. The separable-denominator approximation is more advantageous due to the guaranteed stability and reduced amount of calculations.     

Fuzzy sliding mode control design based on stability margins

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) algorithms have been widely studied and implemented to combine the robustness of the classical sliding mode control with lower chattering levels, but industrial implementation requires a robustness measurement such as the stability margins. Due to the significance of stability margins in control systems, the computation of the phase Margin (PM) and gain margin (GM) in FSMC has already been proposed with the self-sustained oscillations considered as an unstable behavior. However, a procedure to obtain the desired PM and GM from the FSMC design itself has not been developed yet. Hence, in this study, a method to design FSMC algorithms with desired PM and GM is presented. The describing function (DF) and harmonic balance (HB) techniques were used to identify the limit cycles; then, a step-by-step process to tune the FSMC parameters was provided. Examples and simulations are presented to validate the proposed method.     

Expected power bound and stability of two-dimensional digital filters with multiplicative noise in the FMLSS model

This paper studies the two-dimensional (2-D) expected power bound (EPB) for 2-D digital filters with multiplicative noise in the Fornasini-Marchesini local state-space (FMLSS) model. By virtue of a class of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the novel existence criterion of 2-D EPB for 2-D digital filters in the considered model is obtained. The corresponding stabilization controller design method is presented based on the above criterion. Finally, two examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of our results.     

Design of 2-D stable analog and recursive digital filters using properties of the derivative of even or odd Parts of Hurwitz polynomials

In this paper, a method for the design of 2-D analog and recursive digital filters is presented. Starting from a structure in the analog domain, suitable even or odd parts of two-variable Hurwitz polynomials are generated. This enables 2-variable very strictly Hurwitz polynomials (VSHP) to be obtained,² thus avoiding non-essential singularities of the second kind. Thus it will ensure a stable 2-D recursive digital filter obtained by the use of bilinear transformations. Examples are given to illustrate the method.     

基于数字电视信号传输与控制的测试系统设计

本系统结构简单、设计合理、使用方便,稳定性好,成本低廉。经实践证明本设计克服现有系统复杂、成本高的缺点,达到了设计要求。     

一种基于多通道分解的图像测试信号设计方法

HVS中多通道分解模型用于度量误差图像空间尺寸的视觉感受,为了降低主观评价实验方法的条件要求,建立了一种基于多通道分解的图像测试信号设计方法。该方法通过控制白噪声在频域存在的区间,即白噪声经正交变换、掩膜量化矩阵,产生信噪比相同且空间尺寸不同的测试图像信号。分析和实验表明,多通道分解测试图像信号产生一对与高频和低频对应的误差图像,其信噪比基本相等但其空间尺寸的视觉感受不同,有利于考察与视觉感知相吻合的图像评价方法。     

A special class of multiplierless digital filters

This paper deals with the design of discrete low-pass filters, using a special class of polynomials of the second and third order, with coefficients which are powers of two. To take advantage of the characteristics of these polynomials, the discrete integrator is used as a basic component. The filters so derived are multiplierless resulting in hardware economy. Simulation indicates that the filters obtained are equally good or better than those obtained by the application of the impulse invariance method.     

基于顾客需求的数显卡尺产品设计研究

伴随着科学的发展,企业面临的环境更加的复杂,要使得企业在市场竞争中脱颖而出,则需要进行产品的创新设计。如何以顾客需求为导向进行产品设计则是企业应该思考的问题。质量功能展开技术（QFD）作为一种传统产品设计工具在产品设计中已有很高的地位,它是强调以顾客需求为导向,将顾客的需求贯穿于产品设计的始终。而价值工程（VE）理论作为一种产品功能的分析工具,能将功能需求进行合理的转化为产品的零部件要求。两者的基础都以功能需求导向,能更好的将顾客的需求体现在产品设计中。二者有机的结合能消除产品质量的隐患,提高产品的核心竞争力。     

基于MATLAB与FPGA的动态补偿滤波器设计

本文以压力的测试为背景,围绕压力传感器的动态特性研究及补偿这一主题,运用辫识建模和动态补偿技术,并进行了实验研究和计算机仿真研究,根据测得的实验数据建立了传感器的动态数学模型,在此基础上分析了压力传感器的动态特性,设计了动态补偿数字滤波器,明显提高了压力传感器动态响应的快速性和展宽了工作频带.最后本文运用了DSP Builder提供的模块搭建IIR滤波器模型,生成VHDL语言,下载到FPGA中,较好的实现了动态补偿数字滤波器.     

Explicit design formulae for digital tan filters with low-pass,high-pass,band-pass,and band- stop characteristics

Explicit expressions of transfer functions for digital tan filters with low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop characteristics approximating given design specifications are advanced. The higher order transfer function satisfying the design specification is expressed as the product of first-order and second-order filter sections of identical forms but with different coefficient values. All coefficients of these low-order filter sections are expressed in explicit forms related simply to the specification values. Thus, the result developed can be easily applied for the cascade or time-sharing realization. The low-order filter section developed here can be implemented with the fewest multipliers.The design formulae for Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev and elliptic approximations are included. The transfer functions for all these filters are expressed in the same form of low-order filter section with different coefficient values.     

Improved stability conditions of time-varying delay systems based on new Lyapunov functionals

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of time-varying delay systems. Unlike the construction of augmented Lyapunov functional and multiple integral Lyapunov functional, novel three Lyapunov functionals are suggested which are delay product type functions and lead to less conservative results. Based on newly developed Lyapunov functionals, three stability criteria are derived and their superiority is described by three numerical examples.     

The stability analysis of time-varying delayed systems based on new augmented vector method

This paper focuses on the stability analysis of systems with interval time-varying delay. A new augmented vector containing single and double integral terms is constructed and the corresponding Lyapunov functional with triple integral terms is introduced. In order to improve the estimating accuracy of the derivatives of the constructed Lyapunov functional, single integral inequalities and double integral inequalities via auxiliary functions are employed on the first step, then an extended relaxed integral inequality and reciprocally convex approach are further utilized to narrow the scaling room of the functional derivatives. As a result, some novel delay-dependent stability criteria with less conservatism are derived. Finally, numerical examples are provided to check the effectiveness of the theoretical results and the improvement of the proposed method over the existing works.     

A new realization of 2-D adaptive separable-denominator state-space filters based on DLMS algorithm suitable for parallel processing

In the application of 2-D adaptive filters, a large amount of data must be processed and real-time processing is often required. In this paper, a new parallel-form realization of 2-D adaptive separable-denominator state-space filters suitable for high-speed processing is proposed. First, the 2-D local state-space model suitable for parallel processing is introduced. Next, the adaptive algorithm for this model is developed. This algorithm is based on the delayed least mean square (DLMS) method. In addition, the computation time required for the update of the coefficients is investigated. Finally, the proposed technique is applied to the design of 2-D digital filters in the spatial domain.     

管理研究新范式——基于"设计科学"的研究路径

基于设计科学的管理学研究范式,开启管理学研究的新思维。借鉴工程学和医学的研究思路,通过进行多重案例研究,建立“实地验证的、切实的技术规则”,以此作为管理人员设计具体问题解决方案的参考模板。     

Implementation of a stability test of 1-D discrete system based on Schussler's theorem and some consequent coefficient conditions

Based on Schussler's theorem, some new properties of polynomials containing zeros inside the unit circle are obtained. These properties give rise to (i) a new stability test of 1-D discrete systems, and (ii) some necessary coefficient conditions that have to be satisfied by the denominator polynomial of a stable 1-D discrete system.