钢包滑动水口液压系统的局部改造

文章介绍了钢包滑动水口液压系统的工作原理,在分析了该系统的故障原因后,提出了对该液压系统的多项改造措施。     

内曲线液压马达导轨的疲劳点蚀问题分析

本文分析了内曲线径向柱塞液压马达导轨产生疲劳点蚀的原因,对压力冲击值和由其产生的接触应力增量进行了计算分析,探讨了解决疲劳点蚀问题的三种办法。     

试论语用学与英语教学

我国的英语教学,历来注重语言形式(语音、语法、词汇)的讲解,而较少结合语言的实际使用以及英美国家的社会、文化特征进行语言教学。语用学的兴起为研究和解决这类问题开辟了新的途径。     

Learning to teach mathematics and to analyze teaching effectiveness: evidence from a video- and practice-based approach

Although emerging consensus exists that practice-based approaches to teacher preparation assist in closing the distance between university coursework and fieldwork experiences and in assuring that future teachers learn to implement innovative research-based instructional strategies, little empirical research has investigated teacher learning from this approach. This study examines the impact of a video- and practice-based course on prospective teachers’ mathematics classroom practices and analysis of their own teaching. Two groups of elementary prospective teachers participated in the study—one attended the course and one did not. Findings reveal that the course assisted participants in making student thinking visible and in pursuing it further during instruction and in conducting evidence-based analyses of their own teaching. Conclusions discuss the importance of teaching these skills systematically during teacher preparation.     

以就业为导向,培养健身俱乐部健美操教练员

健美操"轻体育"健身兴起,俱乐部迫切需求健美操教练员,高校健美操专业要以就业为导向,通过在健美操教学中实施实践实训教学,加强毕业生实习、毕业设计环节的过程监控和考核、积极推行"双证书"制度,全面提升学生的综合职业能力,培养优秀的俱乐部健美操教练员。     

英文搜索引擎性能分析及使用技巧探讨

在简要介绍了不同类型搜索引擎工作原理基础上,对AltaVista,Infoseek Exictite,HotBot及Yahoo!五种著名英文搜索引擎进行性能分析,并对它们的使用技巧进行探讨。     

Decentering: A construct to analyze and explain teacher actions as they relate to student thinking

Mathematics educators and writers of mathematics education policy documents continue to emphasize the importance of teachers focusing on and using student thinking to inform their instructional decisions and interactions with students. In this paper, we characterize the interactions between a teacher and student(s) that exhibit this focus. Specifically, we extend previous work in this area by utilizing Piaget’s construct of decentering (The language and thought of the child. Meridian Books, Cleveland, 1955) to explain teachers’ actions relative to both their thinking and their students’ thinking. In characterizing decentering with respect to a teacher’s focus on student thinking, we use two illustrations that highlight the importance of decentering in making in-the-moment decisions that are based on student thinking. We also discuss the influence of teacher decentering actions on the quality of student–teacher interactions and their influence on student learning. We close by discussing various implications of decentering, including how decentering is related to other research constructs including teachers’ development and enactment of mathematical knowledge for teaching.     

荧光定量法分析液体发酵中杂菌污染的实验设计

设计了利用荧光定量PCR法检测基因工程菌液体发酵过程中杂菌污染的实验方法。实验结果表明,与纯培养相比,在由重组大肠杆菌JM109、枯草芽孢杆菌和少量未知杂菌组成的多元共培养体系中,重组大肠杆菌JM109的生长和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长均被抑制。在发酵终点两种菌体在发酵液中的总量与大肠杆菌的初始接种量具有显著的相关性。通过将核酸快速提取、荧光定量PCR和微生物生长特性分析等多项实验技术有机结合,形成一个综合性实验项目并应用于本科生实验教学,提高了本科生生物学综合实验技能。     

Infant approach behavior as related to attachment.

The chief purpose of this study was to identify characteristics that distinguish approach as an attachment behavior from approach serving other behavioral systems. Locomotor approaches of 16 male and 10 female white middle-class infants to an attachment figure (the mother) and to a nonattachment figure (the visitor-observer) were examined under naturalistic conditions at home. Observations were made during 4-hour home visits at 3-week intervals; those from 26 to 54 weeks were used. When approach was examined in a free-choice situation and without regard to behavioral context, infants approached the mother proportionally (though slightly) more often than the visitor (p less than .05). In 2 behavioral contexts, however, spontaneous infant approaches were sharply differential to the mother; approaches accompanied by crying and approaches terminating in a pickup appeal were directed almost exclusively to the mother (p less than .0001 for both). Touching upon completion of the approach was not differential, except in the context of a pickup appeal. Object-oriented approaches were more often directed to the visitor than to the mother (p less than .002) and may be either exploratory or affiliative. It is suggested that neither approach nor touching can be assumed to serve the attachment system without consideration of context- both environmental and behavioral.     

A folkloristic approach to understanding teachers as storytellers

This article presents a folkloristic analysis of two history teachers' performances of lectures in an eleventh-grade American history course. Folklore is defined as the situated performance of a traditionalized text (in this case, from the course textbook) in which the performer (the teacher) takes responsibility for communicating a version of the text to the audience (the students) that is meaningful to them in their current situation. Using performance analysis grounded in folkloristic theory, it is shown that the history lecture is a complex genre combining such simple genres as anecdote and personal experience story. In so doing, a folkloristic approach to the study of teachers as storytellers is explained.     

教师学习共同体——教师专业发展的有效路径

教师的专业发展,是世界各国教师教育发展的潮流,是教育改革重心的转向,它使教师的工作方式由传统的孤立式发展转向合作式发展,并且仅凭传统的外部行政力量无法有效地促进教师自主专业发展,而学习共同体作为一种组织形式,其在重构教师教学理念、丰富教师教学智慧及促进教师专业提升方面效果显著。     

如何实施以学生为主体的初中英语教学分析

本文以如何实施以学生为主体的初中英语教学为研究对象,首先提出了实施以学生为主体的初中英语教育的原则,包括坚持发挥学生的主观能动性,坚持培养学生的学习兴趣,坚持增加英语课堂的文化内涵;紧接着提出了实施以学生为主体的初中英语教育的策略,分别是灵活处理教材以培养课堂氛围,加强课堂练习锻炼听说能力,加强自学训练以锻炼语感,坚持因材施教。希望可以对初中英语教学的开展提供一定有价值而定参考意见。     

Using the onto-semiotic approach to identify and analyze mathematical meaning when transiting between different coordinate systems in a multivariate context

The main objective of this paper is to apply the onto-semiotic approach to analyze the mathematical concept of different coordinate systems, as well as some situations and university students’ actions related to these coordinate systems. The identification of objects that emerge from the mathematical activity and a first intent to describe an epistemic network that relates to this activity were carried out. Multivariate calculus students’ responses to questions involving single and multivariate functions in polar, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates were used to classify semiotic functions that relate the different mathematical objects.     

An approach to estimate degree completion using drop-out rates

A completion rate of an institution I of year x is defined as the proportion of starting students during year x that succeed in graduating at I at some point in the future. In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate such completion rate. This indicator is entirely based on the population of drop-out students during one academic year x at the institution I. The proposed method is not based on a cohort of students so it allows an estimation of the current school effectiveness without substantial delay. Furthermore a statistical framework is presented in which completion rates can be studied. The proposed methodology results in a statistical estimator with a bias that stays small under appropriate assumptions.     

Personal construct psychology as a constructivist approach to learning

This paper proposes that Kelly's Personal Construct Psychology deserves examination as a constructivist basis for science teaching and learning. It argues that because of the explicit nature of the psychology, the clear definition of learning and meaning and the integration of affective, psychomotor and cognitive dimensions of learning, the psychology has much to offer science education.     

Hermeneutics as an approach to science: Part I

A broadly conceived attempt is initiated here to extend hermeneutic philosophy to the understanding of natural science, with a special interest in the significance of this for education. After a brief discussion of several current problems to be addressed, a general outline is given of the evolution of hermeneutics in comparison with the evolution of the philosophy of science. The main thrust of this paper, however, is to show how the ontological version of hermeneutics, developed in various ways by H.G. Gadamer and others, describes rather closely features of scientific activity neglected by most philosophies of science and of education. To this end, the paper focuses especially on the biologist Barbara McClintock.     

社区矫正：未成年人犯罪刑罚执行方式社会化探析

我国历来重视未成年人犯罪案件的处理,确立了教育、感化、挽救的方针,形成了区别于成年人犯罪的处置体制并取得了一定成效.然而现阶段我国对未成年人犯罪的主要矫治措施仍是将其集中在相对固定且封闭的场所进行管理,尚缺乏独立、协调、统一的教育矫正机制.社区矫正是预防未成年人犯罪行之有效的行刑社会化方式,充分体现了我国青少年犯罪再预防的刑事政策,符合对未成年犯行刑的非刑事化、非监禁化和轻刑化的国际刑罚执行的发展趋势.