The twenty-first century counsellor: An emerging role in changing times

A significant number of personal, social, cultural, and economic forces are encountering each other in our global environment. In order to maintain professional responses which reflect changing times, counsellors and counsellor education programs must attend to international, sociopolitical trends in an interdisciplinary context. In this article, the authors identify trends and recommendations relevant to the future of counselling.     

Artesunate inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma HOS cell line in vitro and in vivo

This paper aims to investigate the effects of artesunate (ART) on growth and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma HOS cell line in vitro and in vivo and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The induction of apoptosis was detected by light and transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the related mechanisms. Nude mice were further employed to investigate the antitumour activity of ART in vivo. MTT assay results demonstrated that ART selectively inhibits the growth of HOS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on the findings of light and transmission electron microscopy, Hoechst 33258 staining, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-annexin V staining, the cytotoxicity of ART in HOS cells occurs through apoptosis. With ART treatment, cytosolic cytochrome c was increased, Bax expression was gradually upregulated, Bcl-2 expression was downregulated, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated. Thus, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway may be involved in ART-induced apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that ART may induce cell cycle arrest at G₂/M phase. In nude mice bearing HOS xenograft tumours, ART inhibited tumour growth and regulated the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and survivin, in agreement with in vitro observations. ART has a selective antitumour activity against human osteosarcoma HOS cells, which may be related to its effects on induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. The results suggest that ART is a promising candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.     

中学传记课文教学与青少年成长教育

传记课文是青少年思想品德教育的重要教学资源,优秀的传记作品具有鼓舞人积极奋进的作用。当前的中学语文课本中选用了不少杰出人物的传记,可以充分利用这些名人传记来进行青少年的荣辱观、人生观教育。在利用传记课文进行成长教育时,要做到课内与课外相结合,采取灵活多样的方法,对青少年加以正确的引导。     

Erratum to: RegIV expression showing specificity to gastrointestinal tract and its potential role in diagnosing digestive tract neuroendocrine tumor

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The presentation of Table 6 was missing. The table is given below:     

RegIV expression showing specificity to gastrointestinal tract and its potential role in diagnosing digestive tract neuroendocrine tumor

Regenerating gene IV (RegIV),a member of the regenerating gene family discovered in 2001,has been found to be involved in malignancy in several different organs including the stomach,colorectum,pancreas and prostate,but the overall expression profile of RegIV has not been reported. To learn more about RegIV,we evaluated its distribution by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 360 samples including 24 types of normal tissue,40 benign and malignant lesions,and 18 neuroendocrine tumors. We found that in no...     

Going beyond Kirkpatrick's Training Evaluation Model: The role of workplace factors in distance learning transfer

Abstract

This article emanates from a longitudinal study of the impact of a distance education programme for teacher training on graduates' job performance, in which the authors built on the findings of a previous pilot study. After using Kirkpatrick's Training Evaluation Model in a previous study, one of the authors found there to be a strong relationship between graduates' completion of the programme and their performance at school. However, the model does not probe factors that impede on transfer of learning. Quite a number of the graduate participants indicated that they were faced with this problem. In order to further probe this phenomenon, the authors fused Baldwin's Transfer of Training Model with the second level of Kirkpatrick's model by using a mixed-methods enquiry. It became clear that the organizational climate of schools has a strong influence on the transfer of learning in the workplace. Suggestions are presented on how educators and school managers can work together effectively.     

Problem solving beyond the logic of things: contextual effects on understanding and solving word problems

Arguments are put forward in this paper that classroom word problem solving is more-and also less-than the urgent analysis of a factual structure, in the sense that it is essentially a species of a social-cognitive activity. Word-or story-problems, presented in classroom contexts, represent textual and pragmatic patterms of a certain grammaticality. To present a problem verbally to a student means to organize a fact in some way for the attention of a problem solver. There is not only the structure of the problem text itself by which situations are denoted, but there is also the stimulative nature of the social-pragmatic context which shapes the student's textbook-problem solving behavior over a long period of time.The present paper discusses the results of several studies showing, for example, that subject matter related attitudes towards a problem frequently do not play an important part in the problem solving efforts; that students often solve problems correctly without understanding them; and that false contextual expectations can lead to abstruse errors of understanding and to peculiar solution attempts.The studies indicate that students can become sensitive and skilful in perceiving and capitalizing on subtle textual and contextual signs pointing to the solution and anticipating its pattern. It seems that usual textbook problems let students get accustomed to certain courses of processing where a simple fact, like whether an equation works out evenly or does not, can stop the process or push it further. It is argued that the deeper reason for the observed textual and contextual influences on understanding and problem solving lies in a fundamental weakness of the student's epistemic control behavior. The psychological and instructional significance of the studies is discussed.     

科技奖励国际论坛 第四讲——数学与科技

由于促进中国与其它国家的科技交流而得到中国政府的表扬，本人深感荣幸。     

生物结皮及其在荒漠治理中的作用

本文概述了生物结皮的概念、主要类型、形成过程与机理,对生物结皮在荒漠化治理中的作用进行了阐述,并对生物结皮未来研究前景作了简单介绍。     

Audio-video correspondence and its role in attention and memory

This study measured the effect of audio-video channel correspondence on attention and memory. Three versions of four TV news stories were the stimuli. The high-correspondence version employed a specific audio-video semantic match, the medium-correspondence version a less specific match, and the no-correspondence version no match. High channel correspondence promoted the most efficient division of attention and the best memory scores on visual and factual recognition measures. The medium-correspondence version yielded significantly worse visual memory and attention scores, but factual attention and memory scores equal to those for the high-correspondence version. The no-correspondence version yielded high visual recognition scores, but the worst visual attention scores, suggesting that attentional capacity boundaries were overwhelmed by the stimulus. The results across all conditions suggest that when attentional capacity is exceeded, memory of the overall story is degraded.     

FDI对中国区域经济增长的影响及差异分析

目前外商直接投资(FDI)虽有向中西部推进的趋势,但仍集中于东部沿海地区。各地区投资效率的差异是外商直接投资的重要因素。我国中西部地区应从改善投资软环境入手,强化其促进经济增长的传导机制,努力消除与东部地区在投资效率上的差距,实现区域经济协调发展。     

政府行为在福州软件园建设中的地位和作用

本文对福州市软件园的创立,建设思路的确立,软件园软环境的营造进行探讨,并强调了在软件园建设中政府行为的地位与作用。     

Independent effects of stimulus and cycle duration in conditioning: The role of timing processes

Rats received delay conditioning procedures with a white-noise conditioned stimulus (CS), a food unconditioned stimulus (US), and head entries into the food cup as the conditioned response. The stimulus duration (S) and the interval between food deliveries (C) were varied between groups:S=15, 30, 60, and 120 sec;C=90, 180, and 360 sec. The stimulus/cycle duration ratio was negatively related to the asymptotic level of conditioning but had no effect on the rate of acquisition. Conditioning and timing of responses emerged together in training. Timing occurred during the CS-US interval (ISI) and the US-US interval (ITI), as evidenced by increasing response rate gradients that were steeper for shorter intervals. The effects of the stimulus/cycle ratio on conditioning were attributed to independent timing of theS andC durations. Serial-, parallel-, and single-process accounts of conditioning and timing are compared.     

Spoken vocabulary growth: Its role in the development of phoneme awareness and early reading ability

In this paper, two theoretical positionsregarding the developmental origins of thephoneme as a unit for lexical representationand processing are outlined – theaccessibility and emergent positions. OurLexical Restructuring Model (Metsala & Walley1998), which is consistent with the secondposition, focuses on the role of vocabularygrowth in prompting the implementation of morefine-grained, segmental representations forlexical items in childhood; this restructuringis viewed as an important precursor to theexplicit segmentation or phoneme awarenessskills implicated in early reading success.Empirical evidence that supports this model issummarized, including preliminary results fromone of our most recent studies. Severalsuggestions are made for future research thatwill lead to a better understanding of thedevelopment of spoken word recognition and thelinks between speech- and reading-relatedabilities.     

高校图书馆与大学生素质教育

实现中华民族的复兴要靠具有创新精神和创造能力的人才,科教兴国、提高整个中华民族的素质成了人们关注的热点.高校图书馆是高校教育体系的重要组成部分,义不容辞地担当起对大学生进行素质教育的重任.图书馆工作者应提高自身素质,为读者创造良好的学习环境,积极参与文检课的教研工作,积极做好导读工作,以便更好地对大学生实施素质教育.     

形成历史概念是全面完成历史教学任务的基本保证

形成历史概念对于全面完成中学历史教学三项任务具有极为重要的作用.形成历史概念是落实历史基础知识教学的关键,是深化思想教育的重要手段,是开发和培养学生智能的基本途径.