宿舍封控环境下大学生运动锻炼与状态性焦虑的关系研究

目的：了解新冠病毒疫情(以下简称“疫情”)期间,被封控在宿舍的大学生运动锻炼与状态性焦虑的相关性。方法：运用人口学资料分析表、体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)和状态性焦虑量表(S-AI)对上海市内某所应用研究型高校1682名大学生运动锻炼和状态性焦虑的基本特征展开调查。研究结果：(1)运动量与状态性焦虑水平存在显著性负相关性(r=-0.107,P<0.001)。(2)性别方面：男生运动量高于女生运动量(t=4.406,P<0.01),女生的状态性焦虑水平高于男生(t=-2.977,P<0.01)。(3)年级方面：大二学生运动量高于大一学生运动量(t=-4.453,P<0.01),状态性焦虑水平方面无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)专业方面：不同专业的大学生运动量和状态性焦虑水平均不具有显著差异(P>0.05)。(5)在线健身方式方面：参与网红直播课的大学生运动量明显高于参与校线体育课的大学生(t=3.998,P<0.01),且状态性焦虑水平也显著低于参与校线体育课的大学生(t=-2.050,P<0.05)。结论：疫情期间,封控在宿舍环境下...     

浅谈我国花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员赛前的焦虑状态

采用美国心理学家斯皮尔伯格等人制定并经我国修订"状态--特质焦虑量表"(简称STAI)为测试工具,对参加2003年"波斯登·雪中飞"杯全国花样滑冰单人滑运动员的赛前焦虑状态与成绩进行相关比较分析,旨在探讨花样滑冰单人滑运动员赛前焦虑状态与运动成绩之间的关系.为教练员培养花样滑冰单人滑运动员的心理能力,控制好其赛前焦虑状态水平提供参考.结果显示:我国男子单人滑运动员焦虑状态与成绩呈负相关趋势,男子单人滑运动员好成绩的取得有赖于低焦虑水平.女子单人滑运动员焦虑状态与成绩呈正相关趋势,但焦虑水平分值并不高.     

太极拳促进中枢神经与外周本体 感觉的心理生理学效果

通过对太极拳常用的基本姿势进行自我控制,试图探讨太极拳运动是否具有对中枢神经与外周本体感觉的促进效果。实验结果表明,与自然姿势相比,当控制为放松姿势时肌肉张力明显减少,静止性伸张性收缩姿势时显著增加。同时两方都表现出Pz和Oz部位脑波α1节律的含有量比自然姿势时明显减少,α2节律的含有量则明显增加。根据自我控制的运动神经生理学理论以及心身疗法原理,通过实施太极拳加强对身体的自我控制,能促进和易化中枢神经与外周感觉机能,同时作为一种心身运动疗法也将有着广阔的发展前景。     

多元智能训练对大学生武术技能和多元智能的影响

为了研究多元智能训练法对于大学生武术技能和多元智能的影响,将40名大学生随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20人,分别采用多元智能训练法和普通训练法进行武术教学,然后评价其武术技能和多元智能状况。结果显示：训练后,实验组太极拳动作质量和刀术动作质量评分高于对照组（P〈0．05）,实验组太极拳表演质量和刀术表演质量评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;实验组身体运动智能和空间智能状况显著优于对照组（P〈0．01）;实验组受试者的太极拳动作评分与其身体运动智能和空间智能水平显著相关（P〈0．01）,太极拳表演评分与其身体运动智能呈正相关（P〈0．05）,刀术动作评分与其空间智能水平显著相关（P〈0．01）,刀术表演评分与其空间智能呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结果说明：相对于传统教学方法,多元智能教学法能更好地提高学生的武术成绩、提高学生身体运动智僚．和空间智能状况、促进学生身体运动智能和空间智能的提高。     

太极拳干预老年人原发性高血压的气体信号分子机制

目的:探讨太极拳改善老年人原发性高血压的气体信号分子调控机制。方法:选取50名老年原发性高血压患者,随机分为高血压组、太极拳高压组,并选取25名健康老年志愿者作为对照组。其中太极拳高血压组进行12周太极拳练习,每次1h,每天1次,每周5天,分别在12周太极拳练习开始前1天和结束后次日清晨08∶00~09∶00,测试各组受试者SBP、DBP、NO和H2S。结果:太极拳练习能显著降低老年原发性高血压患者SBP、DBP,提高血清NO和H2S水平,且NO与SBP、DBP,H2S与SBP、DBP间均分别呈现显著负相关,NO与H2S间呈现显著正相关。结论:太极拳运动可多途径提高原发性高血压患者血清NO和H2S水平,改善原发性高血压患者的健康,提示内源性NO和H2S水平改善可能是太极拳降压效应的分子生物学机制之一。     

12个月的太极拳练习对老年人健康适应能力的影响

研究目的：本研究的目的是评价太极拳时老年人健康身体适应能力的影响。研究方法：研究对象为38个年龄在58～70岁的老年人。太极拳组共有9男、儿女；对照组有9男、9女。太极拳组练习11．2&;#177;1．4个月的太极拳，每周练习4.6&;#177;1．3次。每次练习包括20分钟的准备活动、24分钟的太极拳练习和10分钟的放松活动。练习强度为最大心率的52～63％。在练习前后测试心肺功能、力量、柔韧性和体脂百分比。研究结果为：研究结果表明太极拳组男子的最大摄氧量增加了16．1％(P&;lt;0．01)，胸／腰的柔韧性增加了11度(P&;lt;0．05)，膝部的伸展力量增加了18．1％(P&;lt;0．01)；膝部屈肌力量增加了15．4％(P&;lt;0.05)；太极拳组女子的最大摄氧量增加了21.3％(P&;lt;0．05)；柔韧性增加了8．8度(P&;lt;0．05)。伸膝肌的力量增加了20．3％(P&;lt;0．05)，屈膝肌的肌肉力量增加了15．9％(P&;lt;0．05)。而对照组的这些指标则无明显变化。结论：研究结果表明12个月的太极拳练习对提高老年人健康身体适应能力具有很明显的效果。     

不同压力和暗示对运动状态焦虑的影响

研究中,方便抽样抽取63名被试者,随机分配到低压力和高压力情景中的积极暗示组、消极暗示组和控制组。结果发现,对比低压力,高压力下消极暗示提高状态焦虑程度、降低状态自信水平。研究结果提示：较大的比赛压力下,教练员不应对运动员消极暗示,而应是积极暗示,这样可能会有效地降低竞赛状态焦虑、提升状态自信。     

太极拳运动参与对中年妇女焦虑及生活质量的影响

为了解有规律参与太极拳运动对中年妇女焦虑及生活质量方面的影响,采取实验法,以未从事任何运动训练且身心健康的40名中年妇女为受试对象。随机分为太极拳组与对照组,每组20名进行实验研究,为期共12周。对照组不做专门性运动,太极拳组实施每周2~4次、每次60min太极拳运动。实验前后各组受试者于安静状态下,接受自评焦虑量表以及生活质量量表(WHOQOL-BREF)测量。结果发现:(1)太极拳组的自评焦虑水平明显降低。(2)太极拳组的生活质量除社会关系以及外在环境等并无明显的变化外,生理健康、心理与个人信念、生活质量总分以及综合自我评估等指数,实验期间明显提高。     

运动强度对大学生状态焦虑的影响

通过问卷调查、实验分析等方法,探讨了不同运动强度对不同性别、不同锻炼情况的普通大学生状态焦虑的影响,寻找适合大学生降低状态焦虑的有效手段。实验选取了心率、收缩压、舒张压三项常用生理指标,并分析其与状态焦虑变化之间的关系。研究结果显示,运动对降低状态焦虑的影响具有运动强度、运动形式、性别、运动经历差异,并在影响时间上具有延迟性差异,经常参加体育锻炼男实验组,降低状态焦虑的适宜负荷为有氧运动中的75%VO2max和无氧运动,而对于经常参加体育锻炼女实验组、不经常参加体育锻炼男女组,有氧运动的中低强度(30%VO2max)较为适宜。心率、血压伴随状态焦虑出现节律性变化,研究建议把收缩压作为评价状态焦虑水平的生理学指标之一。     

我国U-16青少年网球运动员意志品质与竞赛状态焦虑的关系研究

研究采用运动员意志品质量表和竞赛状态焦虑量表对参加全国U-16青少年网球排名赛的运动员进行测量。对数据进行t检验、单因素方差分析、相关分析和回归分析,结果表明:(1)U-16青少年网球运动员意志品质整体水平较好,认知状态焦虑的得分略高。(2)意志品质总分及各维度不存在年龄、运动等级的差异,坚韧性维度有性别差异。竞赛状态焦虑总分及各维度有年龄、运动等级差异,且状态自信心还存在性别差异。(3)意志品质总分及独立性、坚韧性与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑负相关,与状态自信心正相关。(4)在预测竞赛状态焦虑总体情况时,进入回归方程的显著变量有两个,即坚韧性和独立性,两个变量可显著地预测竞赛状态焦虑水平,且坚韧性和独立性每增加1个分,状态焦虑水平则增加0.20和0.25分。竞赛状态焦虑的总体情况中,有18.7%的方差可以由这两个因子进行解释。     

大学生考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑的相关研究

考试焦虑是大学生需要面临的主要应激源之一。通过对150名大学生进行研究,检验分析了竞赛状态焦虑与考试焦虑的联系。相关性检验和多元回归的结果表明考试焦虑与竞赛状态焦虑具有显性相关,认知焦虑对考试焦虑的影响最大。因此,可以通过体育锻炼调节运动焦虑,进而缓解考试焦虑,把降低竞赛状态焦虑的方法用来使考试焦虑保持在一个适宜的水平。     

Self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety

The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of the link between self-presentational concerns and competitive anxiety. Specifically, we examined (a) associations among self-presentational concerns and competitive state anxiety dimensional symptom responses using the modified Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2; Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990) and (b) whether self-presentational concerns mediate trait-state anxiety relationships. In addressing these matters, we also examined the factor structure and composition of the Self-Presentation in Sport Questionnaire (SPSQ; Wilson & Eklund, 1998). Results showed that self-presentational concerns were positively associated with intensity and frequency dimensional symptoms and negatively associated with direction symptoms. Results also showed that self-presentational concerns demonstrated consistently higher associations with the cognitive component and the intensity symptom of the CSAI-2 state measures. Results showed no support for the notion that self-presentational concerns mediate the trait-state anxiety relationship. When examining the factor structure and composition of the SPSQ, the results from two independent athlete samples support the tenability of an abbreviated 21-item four-factor model. Thus the newly constituted scale is recommended for measuring self-presentational concerns in sport.     

大学毕业生焦虑心理的调查与分析

通过问卷调查，对辽宁省12所高校2001级688名大学毕业生的心理焦虑状况进行了研究分析。辽宁省高校男女大学毕业生焦虑心理无显著性差分，女生特质焦虑与状态焦虑分值较男生高；本科与专科毕业生无显著性差异，专科毕业生的特质焦虑与状态焦虑分值比本科生高；理科大学毕业生的焦虑状态较重，无论在状态焦虑和特质焦虑方面均高于文科毕业生。     

Cognitive behavioural strategies and anxiety in elite orienteers

The primary purpose of this exploratory field study was to examine the use of cognitive behavioural strategies by highly skilled orienteers prior to and during competition. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether differences in the level of qualification in orienteering is related to state anxiety. The subjects were divided into three classes with respect to their international and national records. The first two classes (A and B) were composed of international and national level athletes. The third class (C) included orienteers with unknown international records. Examination of the use of behavioural cognitive strategies during competition indicated that all orienteers reported a moderate use of mental imagery, above moderate use of inner talk and a focus of attention on present action rather than past or future. The other major findings were that prior to competition, superior orienteers reported use of higher self‐efficacy, more positive outcome expectations and more task demand orientation than their less successful counterparts. Top orienteers coped more successfully with pre‐competition anxiety by lowering their anxiety to a more moderate level prior to the actual performance.     

划船运动员比赛焦虑来源的调查分析

采用《比赛焦虑调查表》于比赛前1个月对212名运动员进行问卷调查，了解导致比赛焦虑的来源，对运动员进行心理疏导。结果，运动员在担心拿不到金牌这一比赛焦虑程度最高，其次是担心未来前途，男女运动员差异不显。     

Cognitive behavioural strategies and anxiety in elite orienteers

The primary purpose of this exploratory field study was to examine the use of cognitive behavioural strategies by highly skilled orienteers prior to and during competition. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether differences in the level of qualification in orienteering is related to state anxiety. The subjects were divided into three classes with respect to their international and national records. The first two classes (A and B) were composed of international and national level athletes. The third class (C) included orienteers with unknown international records. Examination of the use of behavioural cognitive strategies during competition indicated that all orienteers reported a moderate use of mental imagery, above moderate use of inner talk and a focus of attention on present action rather than past or future. The other major findings were that prior to competition, superior orienteers reported use of higher self-efficacy, more positive outcome expectations and more task demand orientation than their less successful counterparts. Top orienteers coped more successfully with pre-competition anxiety by lowering their anxiety to a more moderate level prior to the actual performance.     

Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition

Abstract

Confidence and anxiety are important variables that underlie the experience of flow in sport. Specifically, research has indicated that confidence displays a positive relationship and anxiety a negative relationship with flow. The aim of this study was to assess potential direct and indirect effects of confidence and anxiety dimensions on flow state in tennis competition. A sample of 59 junior tennis players completed measures of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2d and Flow State Scale-2. Following predictive analysis, results showed significant positive correlations between confidence (intensity and direction) and anxiety symptoms (only directional perceptions) with flow state. Standard multiple regression analysis indicated confidence as the only significant predictor of flow. The results confirmed a protective function of confidence against debilitating anxiety interpretations, but there were no significant interaction effects between confidence and anxiety on flow state.