新闻传播伦理在困境中寻求突围——“新媒介环境下的新闻传播伦理:困境与对策”两岸四地学术研讨会综述

当下,新媒介构建的“天罗地网”不仅催生着人们新型的生活方式、思维方式,也创造了许多新空间.然而,必须清醒地认识到,新科技新媒体也给人们带来了诸多困惑甚至困扰.在越来越商业化的时代,传媒更受到强大的市场压力,逐渐以谋取最大的经济效益为归依,传统的传播伦理日益受到挑战和冲击.在新媒体语境下,新闻传播伦理究竟遭遇到何种困境?对传播失范的现象如何正确认识并积极应对?如何规范传播环境,建构新闻传播伦理新秩序?这些都已成为每一位研究者无法回避的问题.为深刻认识媒介生态变迁与新闻传播伦理,“新媒介环境下的新闻传播伦理:困境与对策”两岸四地学术研讨会于2011年11月27日在复旦大学新闻学院召开.     

智慧时代新闻伦理议题的创新维度及实施策略北大核心

随着媒介融合现象的出现,新闻传播与计算机、互联网、通信等三大信息技术的结合日益密切,这就要求新闻伦理必须融合一些信息伦理的理论及观点,从而应对新闻传播遇到的一些新的伦理问题。特别是要结合智慧技术的特点及媒介发展动向,及时创新发展新闻伦理。在分析智慧时代主要特征的基础上,结合美国管理信息科学专家马森提出的信息时代的四个主要伦理议题(PAPA),从新闻从业者、受众、被报道对象三个新闻核心利益相关者角度出发,提出智慧时代的新闻伦理议题创新维度及实施策略。     

现代语境下的新闻传播伦理初探

近些年来,新闻从业者的伦理道德失范现象屡见不鲜,对新闻传播伦理的研究必须更加深入,发挥伦理道德的非权力性社会规范作用。本文概述了新闻传播伦理的概念及其在我国的发展历程,分析当代语境下新闻职业道德缺失的原因及新闻传播伦理的原则和规则,阐述新闻传播伦理的评价方式和评价标准。     

新闻与伦理

新闻作为一种物化的意识形态,它与伦理同属社会上层建筑的范畴。伦理学的研究对象是道德。新闻传播信息,表达社会舆论,而舆论的是非无不与道德紧密相关。研究新闻与伦理的关系,是新闻伦理学的基本任务。伦理是新闻报道所必须遵循的普遍原则新闻报道什么,不报道什么,以及如何报道,要受一定社会伦理道德法则的制约。因此,伦理是社会主义新闻报道所必须遵循的普遍原则。我们社会主义的新闻报道之所以在受众中具有权威性,除了它保证新闻的眞实性原则之外,还在于它遵循共产主义道德的基本出发点,即彻底地为人民的利盆服务,赢得了眞正的道德权威。这种道     

新闻真实性原则的伦理悖论——以5·12汶川大地震新闻采访失范现象为例

作为社会公器,新闻媒体为社会提供新闻资讯,反映、引导社会意识,但是这些功能的实现必须以满足社会基本伦理价值为基础。这是由于新闻真实地再现人们对社会生活的追求和价值判断,它内在地包含了伦理价值的追求和要求。当新闻媒体的伦理价值要求与社会基本伦理价值相一致,而不是与社会基本伦理价值相冲突或违背时才能正确发挥它的社会功能,成为社会发展的推力。本文旨在考察汶川大地震新闻采访中种种失范现象,并以此为例反思对新闻真实性的教条主义理解所导致的伦理困境。     

娱乐专业主义刍议

在电视领域,娱乐节目的生产、传播,其专业性和社会影响在显著提升.因此,娱乐专业主义作为一种理念、实践或期许,值得中国传媒业界和学界所关注.娱乐专业主义指电视从业者在娱乐节目制作中必须持有的专业技能、行为规范与职业伦理,它包括一整套电视媒介社会功能的信念、规范、职业伦理与运作模式,以及一种有利于构建和谐社会的文化理念和服务公众的自觉态度.如果说新闻专业主义产生于新闻商业化时代,那么娱乐专业主义产生于娱乐消费时代.文章从节目模式、制作团队、制作理念、营销手段等方面加以探讨.娱乐专业主义在中国尚处于研究阶段,随着娱乐专业主义的不断完善与发展,会有越来越好的电视娱乐节目呈现给观众.     

新闻媒体的伦理构建

研究新闻工作者的职业道德产生与形成规范的学科,是一门边缘学科。其内容包括:新闻道德产生、发展的历史,新闻道德的内容、规范、作用;新闻道德与新闻法制、公共道德的关系、新闻道德的修养等。必须承认,新闻伦理只是一种宽泛的概念,不     

新闻伦理缺失与错位

当前新闻工作者中普遍存在着有违新闻道德伦理的现象,如缺乏从业人员应有的道德伦理素质;在新闻事实和新闻伦理之间难以抉择,或者干脆将新闻伦理抛在一边;为求新闻的冲击力与娱乐性,放弃伦理与人文关怀。诸如此类现象引发了人们关于新闻伦理的探究和思考,如何在新闻活动中做好本职工作和伦理道德的平衡,成为了摆在新闻工作者面前的一道难题。     

新闻导向取舍

正确的舆论导向是新闻工作的生命。特别是在当前因媒体的营销更进一步市场化的时候,我们的新闻从业人员,必须时刻注意,不要让商业化的功利色彩模糊了自己的视野,从而分散了对导向上的注意力。媒体在坚守这一底线的同时,更应高扬主旋律,以正确的舆论鼓舞人,为时代的进步、社会的发展、人民的小康鼓与呼。一、不因利益迷方向21世纪的传媒正散发着巨大的商业辐射力。飞快膨胀的商业化趋势,迅速在传媒业中形成强势的商业化理念。追逐赢利一时成为某些媒体新闻生产的信条。     

发达国家"算法新闻"的理论缘起、最新进展及行业影响

算法新闻是运用智能算法工具自动生产新闻并实现商业化运营的过程、方法或系统.它是21世纪新闻传播领域一场全新的范式革命,不仅是对传统新闻传播方式的颠覆,更是新闻传播观念的重要突破.算法新闻的发展经历了理论孕育、技术探索和初步应用三个阶段.目前发达国家的算法新闻正从窄领域转向宽领域应用、从格式化转向个性化应用、从个案转向规模化应用、从低层次转向高质量应用、从低难度转向高难度应用、从机械传播转向交互体验应用.算法新闻的崛起将在受众认可度、媒体接受度、新闻传播业态及新闻伦理与法规等方面带来新课题.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

基于文献时间特征的学科主题演化分析方法研究 ——以图书情报学领域为例

在分析文献在不同研究阶段用词时间特征的倾向性基础上,提出一种基于主题模型的研究发展阶段识别方法。重点阐述该方法的构建过程,包括时间特征抽取、发展阶段界定、主题冷热变化分析等步骤。为验证该方法的有效性,针对词频统计法和主题模型方法在主题演化分析中的效果进行比较分析。结果表明,该方法能在识别主题热点和发展趋势的同时,有效地区分不同主题所反映的研究发展阶段。     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.