动态竞争视角的多点竞争理论研究

多点竞争是指企业在多个市场间的竞争互动,是企业动态竞争的重要形式。相互克制是多点竞争的重要竞争策略;多点竞争对公司绩效和市场竞争产生影响;影响多点竞争的因素主要有公司内部的合作协调机制、资源的相似度和公司规模以及相对市场重要性、市场密度等。多点竞争中的相互克制有助于企业采取有效的竞争行动,避免恶性竞争。     

技术知识基础网络结构对企业成为关键研发者的影响--基于中国电子信息行业的实证分析

企业是创新的主体，从知识角度研究提高企业创新产出数量和质量，使其转变为关键研发企业具有重要研究意义。基于知识基础理论，收集80家中国电子信息企业2009—2015年的发明专利数据，分析技术知识基础网络结构对企业成为关键研发者的影响。实证结果显示，技术知识基础网络密度对企业成为关键研发者具有负向作用，网络中心势呈现正U形影响，而分解性呈现正相关关系；知识整合能力在网络密度和网络中心势对企业成为关键研发者的影响中具有中介效应。     

高管薪酬差距对企业研发强度的影响——基于锦标赛理论的视角

以中小企业板和创业板中509家制造业企业为样本,基于锦标赛理论,利用多元线性回归模型研究了第t-1期高管薪酬差距对第t期企业研发强度的影响,并用层次回归方法研究了董事长和总经理是否两职合一、非CEO高管人数、距离下一次CEO变更的时间等变量的调节作用。结果表明,高管薪酬差距和企业研发强度显著负相关;董事长和总经理两职合一、非CEO高管人数增加会强化上述负相关关系;距离下一次CEO变更的时间会削弱上述负相关关系。     

跨部门整合、研发强度对新产品开发成功的影响——基于生物医药企业的实证研究

 新产品开发成功与否在一定程度上决定了企业的价值创造和经营。基于来自生物医药企业的177份有效问卷,构建了跨部门整合、研发强度与新产品开发成功的关系模型并进行了实证研究。结果表明,跨部门整合程度以及研发强度对新产品开发成功具有显著的影响,而且跨部门整合调节了研发强度与新产品开发成功的关系。     

我国企业多角化战略与研发强度之间关系的实证研究--以浙江省为例

理论上,企业多角化战略类型的不同影响到了企业对不同内部控制制度的采纳,而不同的内部控制制度又使得部门经理形成不同的风险偏好倾向,并最终影响到了企业研发强度的高低。对此,本文以浙江民营企业为样本进行了实证研究,结果发现企业多角化战略类型与研发强度之间并不存在显著的相关性。     

供应链集中度对企业研发投入强度影响的实证研究——产权性质的调节作用

本文选用我国中小板上市制造业企业为研究样本，利用2010—2016年的面板数据，探讨了供应链集中度、产权性质对企业研发投入强度的影响。研究结果表明，供应链集中度的两个维度，即供应商集中度和客户集中度，对企业研发投入强度的影响存在差异，客户集中度能够显著促进研发投入强度，而供应商集中度对研发投入强度产生负向影响。进一步地，考虑我国存在不同产权性质的企业，在非国有企业中，客户集中度对企业研发投入强度的促进作用更加明显，同时一定程度上缓和了供应商集中度对研发投入强度的负向影响；而国有企业中，供应商集中度对企业研发投入强度的抑制作用更加显著。本研究从企业供应链的视角探讨了影响企业研发投入强度的因素，重新认识了供应链集中度对企业研发投入强度的影响。研究结论对企业如何看待供应链集中度以及如何评估供应链集中度对企业研发活动的影响，具有理论和实践意义。     

P企业规模、研发强度、资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究/P P /P P/FONT /P

政府科技资助的绩效已经引起国内外学者的极大关注。本文基于文献研究,建立影响企业R&D投入的实证模型,采用浙江省民营科技企业数据,测度了政府科技资助对企业R&D投入的影响。进一步,分别从企业规模、研发强度、资助强度等不同视角研究政府科技资助的激励效应,探索政府科技资助的激励机理,研究发现：政府科技资助对企业滞后一年的R&D投入有显著促进作用;企业规模越大,政府科技资助激励效果越好;政府科技资助强度越大,激励效果越好;企业研发强度影响政府科技资助激励企业R&D投入。     

全球价值链的价值位势、嵌入强度与中国装备制造业研发效率——基于SFA和研发两阶段视角的实证研究

本文基于SFA方法进行实证研究,分析揭示中国装备制造业研发两阶段效率现状及其演进规律,以及GVC价值位势和嵌入强度等因素对产业研发两阶段效率的作用强度和影响方向.研究发现：中国装备制造业的研发直接产出效率大于研发成果经济转化效率;GVC价值位势对产业研发两阶段效率具有显著正向影响;GVC嵌入强度对产业研发直接产出效率具有负向影响,而对研发成果经济转化效率具有正向影响;研发人力资源质量和资金投入量等投入因素对产业研发两阶段效率均具有正向影响.基于此,提出了相应的策略建议.     

研发支出有条件资本化的市场影响研究——基于产品市场与资本市场二维视角

新会计准则提倡研发支出有条件资本化,从政策层面释放了企业研发的热情,而这项政策是否在现实中产生预期效应是一个值得探讨的问题。以新会计准则允许部分研发支出进行资本化处理为切入点,以沪深两市2009—2013年高科技上市公司为样本,在产品市场与资本市场分别检验它们对研发支出资本化的反应情况。研究发现,研发资本化对企业在产品市场和资本市场的表现均有正向影响,证实研发支出资本化的积极效用。为研发支出资本化的初始尝试研究是企业有效应用会计准则以实现企业管理目标的方法探索,也为政府通过会计准则的制定与修改引导企业行为提供思路。     

企业研发经费对专利能力影响的分类研究——基于2010年创新型企业的实证分析

运用2010年创新型企业的调查数据分析了不同规模、不同地区的企业研发经费内部投资要素和筹资渠道对专利能力的影响。研究结果表明,在投资要素方面,人才是提高专利能力最重要的投资要素,其次是设备,而投资原材料并没有显著影响,并且各要素对发明专利的影响大于对整体专利的影响。随企业规模扩大,影响企业专利能力的投资要素的种类越多,影响程度越大。在科教资源相对缺乏的省市,人才投资发挥的作用越大;在科教资源丰富的城市,设备投资最重要。在筹资渠道方面,政府资金和企业自筹资金对专利和发明专利的研发都会产生重要影响,并且企业自筹资金对专利整体的影响更大,政府资金对发明专利的影响更大。     

政府补贴对产业共性技术可持续研发行为的影响研究

结合共性技术研发过程,提出了共性技术可持续研发行为的概念框架,借鉴Stackelberg主从博弈思想,本文构建了共性技术供给及后续商业开发承担企业、市场收益实现承担企业和政府三方博弈模型,考虑企业在产业中不同的主导地位,研究政府不同补贴对共性技术可持续研发行为的影响。结果表明：政府应谨慎同时提供两类补贴;当共性技术研发努力成本较高时,政府应优先使用研发努力补贴;当市场收益实现承担企业占主导地位,研发努力成本较低时政府应优先选择使用单位成本补贴;无论是否处于主导地位,企业技术水平对政府补贴相关参数均有较大影响,政府制定补贴政策时须给予充分考虑。研究结论为政府补贴政策制定及共性技术研发实践提供了一定的参考。     

Institutionalizing end-user demand steering in agricultural R&D: Farmer levy funding of R&D in The Netherlands

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the institutionalization of demand-driven modes of working in the R&D planning process and reveal possible weaknesses, through an analysis of a system of collective R&D funding by farmers. The findings indicate that, although end-users have the opportunity to raise issues that lead to R&D, queries are influenced by several actors in the R&D planning process in such a way that they do not adequately reflect farmers’ innovation needs. Conclusions are that more emphasis is required on joint demand articulation and involvement of end-users and other stakeholders in the innovation process, and on the institutional development of R&D funding organizations in order to adopt a more inclusive view on innovation.     

Related diversification and R&D intensity dynamics

Using longitudinal data of Spanish manufacturing companies, we study the dynamic, bidirectional relationship between firm research and development (R&D) intensity and corporate diversification in an organic growth setting. Our empirical approach accounts for the different sources of endogeneity. Although we find a positive linear effect of R&D intensity on related diversification, the effect of related diversification on R&D intensity assumes the form of an inverted U. Thus, the effect of related diversification on R&D intensity is positive, but marginally decreases for moderate levels of related diversification. Such an effect can become negative, however, for high levels of related diversification. Additionally, as a consequence of dynamics, the effects after one year are substantially lower than the overall effects that occur over several years.     

The dynamics of R&D network in the IT industry

In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of evolving networks of successful R&D collaborations in the IT industry (consisting of firms that obtained patents in the technological category of computers and communication) in the U.S. between 1985 and 1995. We first show that the R&D network has become more extensive, more clustered, and more unequal in the sense that ‘stars’ have emerged in the network. We then analyze the effect of the existing network structure in the process of new R&D collaboration formation. We control for unobserved similarities among firms based on the community structures within the network that the algorithm developed by Girvan and Newman (2004) identifies and find a significant cyclic closure and preferential-attachment effect.     

Effect of R&D programmes on the formation of university-industry-government networks: comparative analysis of Japanese R&D programmes

Japan has established several R&D programmes since the 1980s aimed at basic and fundamental R&D in response to the criticism of its free-riding on Western basic research. In some of these programmes, the linkages between university, industry and government have been a requirement for formation or selection of projects. In this paper, it is investigated how five Japanese R&D programmes promote inter-sectoral and inter-institutional networks. The result shows that the projects of the Next Generation Programme for pre-competitive research formed few but multiple university-industry-government linkages within each project by designing the complementary relationships among the participants. Linkages between private companies were not much formed except for the projects of the ERATO Programme, in which researchers temporarily leave their own institutes. The funds for more basic research was found to have little effect on the formation of networks within projects but do form the linkages outside the projects.     

Does R&D performance decline with firm size?—A re-examination in terms of elasticity

There have been many previous studies exploring the relationship between R&D performance and firm size; however, to our knowledge, this issue has never been examined in terms of R&D output elasticity. This paper therefore sets out to re-examine the relationship of the two variables using R&D output elasticity as a measure of R&D performance. A total of 126 manufacturing firms, listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period from 1994 to 2000, are taken as the analytical sample. One practical consideration for choosing these particular firms is the relative abundance of data available for the variables for a longitudinal investigation. The estimates suggest that there is an approximating ‘U-type’ relationship between R&D productivity and firm size. This finding suggests that both large and small firms have higher R&D productivity, and even when the sample is divided into the high-tech and traditional sectors, such a finding still holds. Therefore, in contrast to the prior studies, this study shows that size offers advantage in R&D performance.     

政府研发资助、企业研发投入与中国创新效率

本文采用2003-2012年中国地区面板数据,利用超越对数的随机前沿模型和门限回归模型就政府研发资助和企业研发投入对中国创新效率的影响及政府研发资助和企业研发投入的最优强度区间进行分析。研究发现:目前在我国创新过程中,政府研发资助对创新效率的影响为负,存在一定的"政府失灵",企业研发投入能够促进创新效率的提高,"市场失灵"现象较少出现;政府研发资助强度的最优区间为0.282以上,企业研发投入强度的最优区间为0.688-0.775。     

Creating advantage in peripheral regions: The role of publicly funded R&D centres

Regional investment in R&D, technological development and innovation is perceived as being strongly associated with productivity, growth and sustained international competitiveness. One policy instrument by which policy makers have attempted to create regional advantage has been the establishment of publicly funded research centres (PRCs). In this paper we develop a logic model for this type of regional intervention and examine the outputs and longer-term outcomes from a group of (18) publicly funded R&D centres. Our results suggest some positive regional impacts but also identify significant differences in terms of innovation, additionality and sustainability between university-based and company-based PRCs. University-based PRCs have higher levels of short-term additionality, demonstrate higher levels of organisational innovation but prove less sustainable. Company-based PRCs demonstrate more partial additionality in the short-term but ultimately prove more sustainable.     

R&D spillovers from subsidized firms that fail: Tracing knowledge by following employees across firms

Public R&D subsidies aim to target particularly risky R&D and R&D with large externalities. One would expect many such projects to fail from a commercial point of view, but they may still produce knowledge with social value. Such knowledge is likely to be embodied in workers or teams of workers. I test for knowledge diffusion from subsidised technology firms transmitted through the labor market. The specific case analysed is a series of Norwegian IT-programs so far considered unsuccessful. It has been argued that know-how built up during the programs still ‘fertilize’ the IT-industry. I find limited support for this claim.