人力资本与全要素能源效率

以1997—2012年省际面板数据为样本,采用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算分解包含非合意产出的全要素能源效率,基于人力资本多个视角,运用面板Tobit模型检验人力资本对全要素能源效率的影响方向与作用程度。研究表明,总体而言,样本期内全要素能源效率呈"W"型变动趋势,并表现为东部、西部、中部依次递减;人力资本水平、人力资本投资、人力资本配置结构的作用并不相同,前者抑制而后两者促进了全要素能源效率提升;人力资本空间结构优化有助于全要素能源效率改善,这在中西部地区尤为突出。     

基于环境效应的中国工业行业全要素能源效率的实证研究

以2000-2008年工业35个行业面板数据为样本,利用Malmquist指数方法,测算了考虑环境效应的中国工业行业全要素能源效率,并运用Tobit模型分析了全要素能源效率的影响因素.结果表明:考虑环境效应的中国工业行业全要素能源效率总体呈现负增长态势,而且远低于不考虑环境效应时工业全要素能源效率;分行业看,重工业行业的全要素能源效率显著高于轻工业行业,且行业内部差异显著;除了能源消费结构对考虑环境效应的工业全要素能源效率有显著的正向影响外,产业结构、企业规模、对外开放程度均存在负向影响.     

绿色技术进步对全要素绿色能源效率的影响研究

为研究绿色技术进步对全要素绿色能源效率的影响,以中国30个省(市、自治区)为研究对象,考虑非意向产出情况下,运用非参数数据包络的全局DEA—SBM模型、Malmquist-Luenberger?生产率指数,分测算全要素绿色能源效率和绿色技术进步指数,并运用全面FGLS方法进行实证研究。研究结论表明,全国及三大地区的全要素绿色能源效率差异显著,绿色技术进步与全国及三大地区全要素绿色能源效率均有正向影响,且都通过1%的显著性水平的检验。最后,从提高绿色技术水平等方面提出相关对策建议。     

人力资本结构对绿色全要素生产率影响的空间计量分析

基于人力资本的功能和资本的经济属性，将人力资本结构划分为促进资源转换的科技创新人力资本、促进资源有效配置的企业家人力资本和提高资源充分利用的政府人力资本。采用超效率SBM-GML指数模型测算中国绿色全要素生产率的地级市数据，运用空间杜宾模型分析三种人力资本对城市绿色全要素生产率的空间效应。结果表明：（1）城市绿色全要素生产率、绿色技术效率和绿色技术进步各自存在显著的空间正自相关性；（2）在全域空间上，资源转换型人力资本和资源利用型人力资本显著促进本地绿色全要素生产率的提升，资源配置型人力资本则表现出抑制作用；（3）在区域和人口规模不同的城市，三种人力资本对绿色全要素生产率的影响呈现出异质性特征。最后给出从三种人力资本结构角度，提升绿色全要素生产率的政策建议。     

大气污染下中国工业全要素能源效率研究

基于SBM与GML指数模型,运用2005~2014年我国30个省份的面板数据,考察大气污染下中国工业全要素能源效率问题。结果表明:大气污染约束下工业全要素能源效率实现了41.22%的增长;东部沿海地区与东北、中部、西部地区的工业全要素能源效率存在较大的差距,且从效率分解因素来看,各区域的主导因素各异;省际研究发现,内蒙古、湖南两省工业全要素能源效率提升显著。     

中国全要素能源效率与能源技术的区域差异

基于全要素生产理论,利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法构建非参数前沿,在共同前沿方法框架下分析比较2000-2007年中国全要素能源效率的区域差异,并利用"技术缺口比率(TGR)"定量考察中国区域能源利用的技术差距。结果表明:样本期间内中国全要素能源效率整体水平偏低,在全国共同前沿下的均值仅为0.688,维持既定经济产出的节能空间达到31.2%;从区域角度来看,中国能源技术存在显著差异,其中东部地区接近全国最优水平,样本期内TGR始终维持在0.95以上,而中、西部地区距离全国潜在最优能源技术还分别存在18.6%和26.6%的改进潜力,三大区域之间的能源技术差距有进一步扩大的危险。     

基于技术差距的中国区域全要素能源效率研究

 基于全要素方法,充分考虑到中国各地区能源利用的技术差距,利用数据包络分析（DEA）方法构建非参数前沿,在共同前沿方法框架下分析比较2001-2007年中国全要素能源效率的区域差异,在此基础上采用“共同技术率（MTR）”指标衡量中国区域之间能源利用的技术差距。实证结果表明：考察期内中国全要素能源效率整体水平较低且区域差异显著,还存在巨大的节能增产空间;从区域技术差距视角来看,三大地区差距明显,其中东部地区接近全国最优水平,实现了全国潜在最优能源技术的98%以上,而中西部地区距离全国最优能源技术还分别存在23.3%和30.3%的改进空间。当前,必须采取行之有效的措施以防止三大地区能源技术差距的进一步拉大。     

“金砖国家”全要素能源效率的比较研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型

选取＂金砖国家＂2003年-2010年面板数据,文章首先在规模报酬不变的条件下运用基于投入导向的超效率DEA模型测算＂金砖国家＂全要素能源效率,并比较分析五国能源效率之间的差异;然后,采用Tobit模型来分析技术进步、产业结构、能源消费结构对＂金砖国家＂全要素能源效率的影响。研究表明,＂金砖国家＂全要素能源效率整体水平不高,但各国存在显著差异,且中国与俄罗斯能源效率都很低,因而节能潜力很大;另外,＂金砖国家＂全要素能源效率与产业结构和能源消费结构均存在显著的负相关关系,其中能源消费结构对各国全要素能源效率的影响均较大,技术进步因素对各国全要素能源效率具有一定程度的影响,而产业结构对中国和印度全要素能源效率影响较大。     

技术进步、要素价格与区域能源效率动态演化

本文根据“要素价格-成本权衡-能源效率变化”的逻辑链条,基于成本视角构建考虑非期望产出的全要素能源生产率指数,识别全要素能源生产率指数变化的影响因素,利用随机核估计法探究中国区域能源效率变化的分布形态与动态演化特征。实证结果表明：较低的技术水平、粗放式的能源利用以及偏离最优要素组合的要素替代成为制约我国区域能源效率提高的主要原因;中国区域能源效率不高集中表现在能源利用效率低下和能源配置效率持续偏低两个层面,且后者逐渐成为影响我国区域全要素能源生产率指数变动的关键因素;市场化进程加快、节能减排政策实施等使得我国整体能源利用效率和配置效率出现显著跳跃性增长;落后地区能源利用效率追赶领先地区较为困难,而随要素市场化改革,要素价格扭曲程度改善,要素组合引致的配置效率得以提升,领先地区与落后地区之间的差距逐渐缩小,其追赶的可能性进一步加大。可见较技术进步,短期内市场化改革决定的要素配置效率对区域全要素能源生产率指数提升更有效。     

能源价格、全要素生产率变动对我国工业能源强度影响的实证研究

利用我国工业1990—2015年间的统计数据,根据随机前沿生产模型理论将全要素生产率分解为技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率三种技术路径,引入Malmquist生产率指数分解出反映技术变化的技术进步指标(TC)及技术效率指标(EC),并建立计量经济模型,研究能源价格、全要素生产率对能源强度的影响。结果表明,全要素生产率变化可在能源价格和能源强度间起到有效的调节作用,且从长期来看,纯技术效率的提高可为工业能耗的降低起到正向作用,技术进步则在短期和长期内可达到促进行业发展和节能减排的双赢结果,而规模效率对于降低能源强度的正向调解机制尚不显著,但从长期看来仍表现出积极趋势。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.