青少年体育锻炼行为的影响因素

以毛荣建（2003）所提出假设（在TPB理论基础上做出改进,将行为习惯、目标态度、情感体验3个变量融入了计划行为理论模型中,用来测量青少年体育锻炼态度。）为研究理论依托,进一步验证体育锻炼态度及其影响因素与体育锻炼行为之间的关系,通过《锻炼态度》与《体育锻炼行为》问卷对在校大学生分层随机调查,运用方差分析、相关分析、回归分析与路径分析等方法分析数据,结果表明：锻炼者与非锻炼者在体育锻炼态度各维度上呈现显著性差异;性别因素不能影响锻炼人群在体育锻炼态度的各项维度得分的差异性的结果,非锻炼人群也是如此;体育锻炼活动中,决定行为意向的关键变量因素是态度;具有高情感体验、或高认知的大学生,并不一定是锻炼者。路径分析说明,行为习惯、情感体验、行为认知、目标态度、主观标准一方面通过行为态度间接作用体育行为,另一方面,行为习惯、目标态度、主观标准对体育行为还具有直接的预测作用。     

农村留守儿童体育锻炼与社会自我效能感的研究

本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法及数理统计法等研究方法,对农村留守儿童体育锻炼与社会自我效能感的关系进行研究。结果表明：农村中小学生在社会自我效能感上存在年级和性别差异;社会自我效能感在不同体育锻炼方式间存在差异性;社会自我效能感与体育锻炼频度、时间和强度间均存在相关性,其中与体育锻炼频度、强度关系较大,与锻炼时间关系较小。     

学龄前儿童不同簇集特征体力活动与体质健康的剂量-效应关系研究

目的:检验学龄前儿童不同簇集特征体力活动与体质健康是否存在剂量-效应关系。方法:不同簇集特征体力活动通过连续7天佩戴加速度传感器进行测量。根据持续时间不同,分为零星中高强度体力活动(MVPA)(2～4 s)、短时持续MVPA(5～9 s)和长时持续MVPA(≥10 s)3类。体质测试包括心肺耐力、肌肉力量和速度灵敏素质。将男、女童不同簇集特征体力活动和体质健康综合得分分别按四分位数进行分类(Q1～Q4组),并定义体质健康得分最高的Q4组为高体质健康水平(HPH)。采用逻辑回归和线性回归探讨不同簇集特征MVPA与HPH间的关系。结果:共265名受试者纳入最后统计分析(男童149名,女童116名;月龄,57.19±5.33月)。男童中,校正混杂因素后,以活动量最少的Q1组为参照,活动量最多的Q4组中零星、短时持续和长时持续MVPA达到HPH的比值比(OR)分别为:11.72(95%CI:2.27,60.53)、7.53(95%CI:1.83,30.90)和8.98(95%CI:1.78,45.39);女童中也得到类似结果,分别为11.85(95%CI:2.33,60.19)、12.34(9...     

Physical Activity,Cardiovascular Fitness,and Adiposity in Children

Abstract

With cardiovascular fitness (CVF) as the dependent variable, relationships with habitual level of physical activity, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were investigated in a sample of 93 high adiposity and 93 low adiposity children, ages 8 to 13. A physical activity score (PAS) was computed for each child from a 2-day observation period. A physical working capacity index from cycle ergometry (PWC₁₇₀) was the measure of CVF. Low and high adiposity samples were classified by a median split (42.9 mm) on the sum of three skinfold measures (tricep, suprailiac, subscapula). For the high adiposity sample, PAS, age, BMI, and gender were significant and the overall model was significant (p < .001), accounting for 38 % of variance in PWC₁₇₀. In the low adiposity sample, gender (p < .04) was significantly related to CVF, but the overall model was not significant (p < .35). PAS, thus, was a significant predictor of CVF among the high adiposity children, but not the low adiposity children. Mechanisms that may account for this difference include greater work for equal activity among the obese, a ceiling effect on CVF among the low adiposity children, or differences in hormonal or metabolic factors mediating the activity-CVF relationship.     

Children's Activity Levels and Lesson Context during Third-Grade Physical Education

Abstract

Little is known about children's activity levels during physical education classes and how they relate to the national health objectives for the year 2000 (U.S. Public Health Service, 1991). We systematically observed students' physical activity and associated variables in 293 third-grade physical education lessons in 95 schools in 4 Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardio-vascular Health (CATCH) centers in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas. The influence of independent variables was assessed simultaneously by analysis of variance. Significant differences among study centers were evidenced for both physical activity and lesson context variables. Additionally, there were differences among variables for lesson location and teacher specialty, but not for teacher gender. Boys were more active than girls, but only during free play opportunities. The findings have widespread implications for educators responsible for developing and implementing health-related physical education programs, as well as for designing and conducting staff development.     

青少年身体活动促进模型:理论架构、实践应用与展望

在全球儿童青少年身体活动不足的背景下，对青少年身体活动促进模型（YPAP模型）进行系统梳理与分析，对于我国儿童青少年身体活动促进研究具有重要借鉴意义。研究深入解读了YPAP模型的产生、构架及特点，厘清了模型的内在机制与不足，发现YPAP模型靶向精准、内容关键、结构简单，但涉及因素与深层机制仍有待丰富完善。系统梳理了YPAP模型的国内外实践应用，发现与国外相比我国模型的发展性验证及综合干预方面存在较大差距，并据此从理论、思想、实施3个层面对未来我国儿童青少年身体活动促进研究提出展望。建议根据我国实际情况，进一步加强YPAP模型的本土化研究及推广应用，并积极转变思想教育观念，在全社会联动、多层次环境因素的共同作用下，提高儿童青少年身体活动水平。     

加速度计在儿童体力活动测量中的应用

加速度计是一种客观测量体力活动的工具,因其小巧轻便且不受受试者回忆准确性和认知水平的限制,近年来在儿童体力活动测量中得到广泛应用。然而到目前为止,较少有研究关注加速度计使用方法的标准化,如加速度计的选择、采样间隔、佩戴部位、佩戴时间的确定、数据处理等。针对儿童体力活动的特点,就上述问题做一综述,以期提供一些在加速度计使用中的实用性参考。     

体力活动与青少年健康

通过分析大量的观察和实验研究结果,本文综述了体力活动对儿童青少年身体健康的影响。结果表明：儿童青少年的体力活动水平越高．其心肺功能、代谢功能、肌肉力量、骨骼以及心理等方面的健康水平也越高．但具体的运动类型、运动强度和持续时间等因素应根据运动目的的不同而异.     

The Validity of the Tritrac-R3D Activity Monitor for the Assessment of Physical Activity in Children

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Tritrac-R3D Activity Monitor, a new instrument designed to improve assessments of physical activity. Comparisons were made with a heart rate monitor and with a Caltrac Activity Monitor. Thirty-five children (ages 9–11 years) were monitored on 3 different school days with all 3 instruments. The Tritrac was moderately correlated with the heart rate monitor (r =.58) and highly correlated with the Caltrac monitor (r =.88). By taking advantage of the minute-by-minute timing capability of the Tritrac and the heart rate monitors, it was discovered, that the correlations between these instruments were highest during free play situations (lunch/recess, recess, after school) and were lower when activity was more limited (class time) or structured (physical education). The ability of the Tritrac to assess activity on a minute-by-minute basis may greatly enhance its overall utility.     

探究小学儿童体力活动与身体素质及骨密度的相关性

目的 探讨小学儿童体力活动与身体素质、骨密度的关联,为促进小学儿童体质健康干预策略提供理论基础.方法 通过ActiGraph GT3X+型加速度计与CM-200超声骨密度仪分别对扬州市某小学313名六年级学生进行体力活动水平与骨密度的测量,最后对小学儿童身体素质指标进行测试.结果 与结论男孩的MVPA与50m跑、1mi...     

Physical Activity Classification in Youth Using Raw Accelerometer Data from the Hip

ABSTRACT

This study developed and evaluated machine learning algorithms to predict children’s physical activity category from raw accelerometer data collected at the hip. Fifty participants (mean age = 13.9 ± 3.0 y) completed 12 activity trials that were categorized into 5 categories: sedentary (SED), light household activities and games (LHHAG), moderate-vigorous games and sports (MVGS), walking (WALK), and running (RUN). Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR) classifiers were trained with features extracted from the vector magnitude using 10?s non-overlapping windows. Classification accuracy was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. Overall accuracy for the RF and LR classifiers was 95.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Classification accuracy was excellent for SED (96.3% – 98.1%), LHHAG (92.3% – 95.2%), WALK (94.5% – 97.1%), RUN (99.5% – 99.6%); and MVGS (87.5% – 92.7%). The results indicate that classifiers trained on features in the raw acceleration from the hip can be used for activity recognition in young people.

Abbreviations: VM: Vector Magnitude; RF: Random Forest; LR: Logistic Regression; LOSO: Leave-One-Subject-Out     

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为研究综述

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为的关系在国外的研究中还存有不一致的结论,但是多数研究者肯定社会性体格焦虑对锻炼动机和行为的影响。由于国内目前仅有极个别研究者涉及此领域,本综述在介绍国内外社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为关系研究进展的同时,也希望能将此方面研究纳入我国锻炼心理学研究领域。     

Parental Support and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Children: A Yearlong Cluster-Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial

Purpose: We studied whether physical activity (PA) counseling for parents influenced the level of parental support of children’s PA and leisure-time PA in children of different levels of initial parental support. We hypothesized that the initial level of parental support would moderate the intervention efficacy. Method: Children (n = 44, M_age = 6.09 ± 1.17 years) and their parents (n = 61) randomly assigned to an intervention group received counseling for 6 months. Children in the control group (n = 47, M_age = 6.12 ± 1.11 years) and their parents (n = 63) did not receive any counseling. Parental support was assessed using the Family Physical Activity Environment Questionnaire, and children’s leisure-time PA was recorded using triaxial accelerometers at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. The efficacy of the intervention was tested by linear mixed-effects modeling adjusted for confounding variables (Model 1) and additionally for children’s participation in organized PA or sports (Model 2). Results: Parents within the lowest initial parental support intervention tertile significantly increased their support, and their children’s mean level of leisure-time PA significantly improved compared with the corresponding controls during the counseling period. On the other hand, intervention was found to have an unfavorable influence especially in the PA of children of initially highly supportive parents. Conclusion: Targeting PA counseling for parents with low support of their children’s PA could contribute to better family-based PA counseling efficacy.     

大学生体育活动的态度及其行为的调查研究

从认识论的角度看,大学生体育活动行为是受体育意识影响的,即参加什么样的体育活动,参加体育活动要达到什么样的目的,主要取决于他们对体育价值与功能的认识程度和所持的态度积极与否。因此,分析研究大学生体育活动的态度与行为,并作出解释和评价,不仅可以有针对性地提出建设性的对策,指导大学生的体育活动,同时也有助于高校体育教育改革的继续深化。1研究对象与方法1.1研究对象天津市8所普通高校的在校大学生,高校分别是天津大学、南开大学、天津医科大学、天津工业大学、天津师范大学、天津理工学院、天津商学院、天津外语学院。1.2研究方…     

Reliability and validity of the German language version of Girls' Disinclination for Physical Activity Scale

Abstract

The high prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) among adolescents is an important public health issue. Studying reasons for disliking PA might help researchers better understand its underlying mechanisms, yet this psychological construct has been understudied. This study established the psychometric properties of the German language version of the Girls' Disinclination for Physical Activity Scale (G-DAS-Ger). Data were collected on a sample of 257 adolescent girls in Austria (mean age: 13.0 ± 0.7 years) using the G-DAS-Ger and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. One week after the first assessment, the questionnaires were re-administered to 78 girls. Between two administrations, PA of 215 girls was monitored for seven consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Confirmatory factor analysis of G-DAS-Ger showed good fit for a three-factor model (χ²/df = 2.025; Bollen–Stine (B-S) p = 0.159; root mean square error of approximation = 0.063; standardised root mean square residual = 0.054; comparative fit index = 0.950). Cronbach's alphas for G-DAS-Ger factors/subscales ranged 0.64–0.76. The test–retest reliability assessed by Spearman's rank correlation ranged 0.62–0.75. Only one subscale correlated significantly with vigorous-intensity PA (Spearman's rho = ?0.16) and none with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, which indicated poor predictive validity of the G-DAS-Ger. Correlations between G-DAS-Ger subscales and enjoyment of PA ranged from ?0.29 to ?0.41, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The G-DAS-Ger may be used in its present form to assess disinclination for PA among adolescent girls in German-speaking countries. However, our results put into question the stability of the originally proposed factor structure of the questionnaire and its predictive validity among German-speaking adolescent girls. Methodological refinements to the G-DAS-Ger may be required to improve its psychometric properties in this population.     

大学生体力活动影响身体成分的统计研究

采用实验法、问卷法、数理统计法对安徽省大学生身体成分现状、体力活动特点以及它们的相互关系进行了统计分析.结果表明:男大学生超重或肥胖发生率高于女大学生,女大学生低体重发生率高于男大学生;课余时间体力活动偏少,每天静坐时间较长;大学生超重或肥胖发生与体力活动并无肯定的联系;经常参加大中强度体力活动能够改善大学生身体成分分布,弥补由于静坐时间对健康产生的不利影响.     

Validity of the New Lifestyles NL-1000 Accelerometer for Measuring Time Spent in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in School Settings

Current interest in promoting physical activity in the school environment necessitates an inexpensive, accurate method of measuring physical activity in such settings. Additionally, it is recognized that physical activity must be of at least moderate intensity in order to yield substantial health benefits. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to determine the validity of the New Lifestyles NL-1000 (New Lifestyles, Inc., Lee's Summit, Missouri, USA) accelerometer for measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school settings, using the Actigraph GT1M (ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida, USA) as the criterion. Data were collected during a cross-country run (n = 12), physical education (n = 18), and classroom-based physical activities (n = 42). Significant and meaningful intraclass correlations between methods were found, and NL-1000 estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were not meaningfully different from GT1M-estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The NL-1000 therefore shows promising validity evidence as an inexpensive, convenient method of measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school settings.     

论大学生身体自我概念与体育活动参与行为

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法等,分析大学生身体自我概念对其体育锻炼参与行为的影响。结果表明:大学生锻炼参与行为的各项指标,即锻炼年限、每周锻炼次数、每次锻炼时间、每周锻炼总时间、锻炼强度、锻炼兴趣、体育成绩等,在某种程度上均可由身体自我概念的相应维度得分或总分进行预测。提示:身体自我概念可作为体育锻炼参与的动机因素加以干预;身体自我概念与体育锻炼参与行为之间关系的顺序问题有待进一步实验研究。     

Children's Frequency of Participation in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities

Abstract

Third and fourth grade boys (n = 422) and girls (n = 390) in four Texas elementary schools reported their participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) over a 3-day period. Students were surveyed during class on successive days. On a subsample (n = 44), the agreement between reported and observed physical activities during physical education or recess was 86.3%. Running, walking fast, games and sports, and bicycling accounted for 70% of Total MVPAs. Of Total MVPAs reported, 47.0% for boys and 44.6% for girls were 10 min or longer in duration (LMVPA). The average number of LMVPAs per day was 1.7 for both boys and girls. Students reported significantly more occurrences of LMVPAs out of school than during school. Significant interaction between grade and gender indicated that third grade boys reported more Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than third grade girls, but fourth grade boys reported fewer Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than fourth grade girls. During the 3-day reporting period, 12.3% of boys and 13.3% of girls reported no LMVPAs, and 35.6% of boys and girls reported fewer than one LMVPAs per day. While the majority of children reported obtaining at least some activity daily, a substantial proportion of children in this sample reported fewer than one LMVPA daily, indicating that many children may not be obtaining adequate amounts of physical activity.