Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

Reliability and stability of anthropometric and performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players: effect of age and maturation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess both short-term reliability and long-term stability of anthropometric and physical performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players in relation to age and maturation. Data were collected on 80 players from an academy (U13–U18, pre- (n = 14), circum- (n = 32) and post- (n = 34) estimated peak height velocity, PHV). For the reliability analysis, anthropometric and performance tests were repeated twice within a month. For the stability analysis, these tests were repeated 12 times over a 4-year period in 10 players. Absolute reliability was assessed with the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Relative reliability and long-term stability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was no clear age or maturation effect on either the CVs or ICCs: e.g., Post-PHV vs. Pre-PHV: effect size = –0.37 (90% confidence limits (CL):-1.6;0.9), with chances of greater/similar/lower values of 20/20/60%. For the long-term stability analysis, ICCs varied from 0.66 (0.50;0.80) to 0.96 (0.93;0.98) for 10-m sprint time and body mass, respectively. The short-term reliability of anthropometry and physical performance measures is unlikely to be affected by age or maturation. However, some of these measures are unstable throughout adolescence, which questions their usefulness in a talent identification perspective.     

血乳酸监控速度滑冰长距离项目运动员训练的研究

目的:利用血乳酸进行速度滑冰长距离项目运动员个体化训练特征的研究,为运动员比赛成绩的提高提供理论依据;方法:血乳酸测试法、专家咨询和查阅相关资料等研究法;结果:通过分析滑行速度、血乳酸值与脉搏之间的关系,控制训练过程,使运动员比赛成绩得到有效提高;结论:把握滑行速度、血乳酸值与脉搏之间的关系,能使有氧、有氧——无氧和无氧训练有机结合,并形成符合项目规律和运动员特点的最佳配比,能够有效促进运动员耐力水平的提高。     

少年速滑运动员有氧耐力训练

少年速滑运动员的训练是影响我国速滑项目可持续性发展的关键性问题。采用理论与实践相结合的方法,分析少年速滑运动员进行有氧耐力训练的重要性,并指出进行有氧耐力训练时应注意的问题、训练方法和负荷安排,以期为基层教练员指导少年速滑运动员训练提供借鉴。     

游泳运动员最大吸氧量与成绩关系的研究

通过对游泳运动员水中最大吸氧量的测试，探讨游泳运动员最大吸氧量与运动成绩的关系。表明ＶＯ２ｍａｘ相对值与４００米、１５００米相关系数密切，并具依从关系。     

健美操训练对女性有氧适能、身体形态与心理健康的影响研究

采用实验测试法、文献资料法和数理统计法,对湖南理工学院非体育专业30名女大学生12周健美操训练后进行有氧适能、身体形态等指标的测试,说明健美操对女性改善有氧适能、身体形态与心理健康中的作用。     

我国速度滑冰1000m速度耐力水平提高解析

我国速度滑冰1000 m项目不能取得好成绩是多年来困扰教练员的一个难题,我国速度滑冰1000 m项目水平落后的根本症结是速度耐力水平低。要想提高这一项目的成绩,必须找出问题的原因。分析了我国速滑短距离专项负荷训练特点和影响速度耐力水平的训练基础、训练负荷比例、弯道技术、力量训练、肌群训练中存在的诸多问题;指出速度滑冰是一项对技术要求很强的体能类的竞技项目,认为正确理解速度滑冰项目的特点规律,解决好有氧训练、无氧训练和混养训练三者的关系,准确掌握生化指标与3种训练比例的关系,是提高速度耐力水平的关键,并给出了3种训练的合理比例。     

Enlightenment and measurement – a way to improve health among high school students

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of participating in a web-based health programme that promotes personal tracking of high school students’ own measurements of a number of health-related parameters. Danish cross-sectional survey data were used to examine the effects of the health programme on various health measures. Both quantile regression models and standard ordinary least squares (OLS) models were used to explore the correlations between the students’ participation in the health programme and their body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, aerobic fitness, and well-being. Participation in the health programme increased BMI and aerobic fitness among students with a BMI or an aerobic fitness value ranging from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile and reduced body fat percentage among students with the highest percentages of body fat. In addition, the health programme led to an increased feeling of wellbeing among students, especially those with high BMI levels and poor aerobic fitness. As the schools participated in the health programme on voluntary basis and at a financial cost to themselves, the positive effects of participation found can only be stated to be valid among students from committed schools.     

短道速滑与速滑项目有氧训练再认识

速滑运动在我国已有半个世纪的历史,短道速滑也走过二十多年的历程。如今短道速滑是我国冬季项目重点,冬奥会冠军的摇篮,但令人遗憾的是我们在速滑、短道速滑的长距离项目无所建树。针对这一现象对有氧耐力训练进行回顾、总结和反思,提出对有氧训练的新认识、理解和观点,以及因人而异地进行有氧训练的方法、手段。     

CONCONI和PALIER测试在足球运动员最大有氧能力评定中的作用及方法学分析

CONCONI和PALIER测试均可用于评定足球运动员最大有氧能力。比较两种测试方式，同一受试者PALIER测试时的心率反应及运动距离均高于CONCONI测试。这一生理机能反应与两种运动设计方式不同有关，CONCONI递增强度梯度大于PALIER测试可能是导致受试者不同机能反应的基本原因。     

The Research Quarterly and Its Antecedents

Abstract

In this introductory article to the 50th Anniversary Issue, Roberta J. Park traces the efforts of professional physical education organizations, especially at the national level, to accommodate scholarly/research interests. She describes the forerunner of the Research Quarterly and the way in which efforts led to establishment of a research journal. Park tells the history of the Quarterly since its inception in 1930 and notes a number of concerns related to its operations and policies that have been periodically expressed over the past 50 years. Several of these issues have assumed increasing importance as a result of the knowledge explosion in the various subdisciplines in physical education, along with the problems associated with expanding our national organization and its ability to serve all of its interest groups.     

湖南省大学生有氧耐力评价标准研究

对湖南省文、理、工、医、农 5类专业 6 0 0名二年级与四年级男、女大学生进行 12min跑测验 ,并用RPE值对运动负荷进行监控。结果显示 ,用 12min跑间接测定大学生的最大耗氧量是可行的 ,据此制定了湖南省大学生有氧耐力评价标准。     

外源性磷酸肌酸在提高足球运动员最大有氧能力中的作用及分析

外源性磷酸肌酸可以提高足球运动员最大有氧能力。这种有氧能力的提高是通过外源性磷酸肌酸供给心肌及肌肉细胞代谢所需要的能量和促进膜稳定作用和改善组织微循环的功效来实现的。     

高中学生运动员心理健康水平的研究

本文以MHT为测量工具 ,通过对高中学生运动员与普通中学生在心理健康水平上的对照 ,结果发现 :高中学生运动员心理健康状况较好 ,在心理健康水平上男生优于女生 ,但不存在年级差异。作者对此进行了分析研究并提出了提高学生运动员心理健康水平的措施。     

我国优秀女子速度滑冰1000m运动员有氧训练创新探索

有氧训练是提高优秀女子速滑1000m运动员速度耐力的基础,良好的速度耐力基础是提高运动员比赛成绩的关键。研究发现我国优秀女子速滑1000m运动员在比赛600～1000m段落降速较国外运动员明显,表明速度耐力不足是运动成绩不佳的重要原因之一。提出改变训练理念,通过控制有氧训练的强度、有氧训练的比例、有氧训练的质量有效掌握有氧训练的负荷;采用风阻式速度滑冰专项能力训练器、高住低训等新的训练方法、手段,提高我国优秀女子速滑1000m运动员的有氧能力。     

尼尔通对足球运动员最大有氧能力的影响

PALIER测试能够较好评定足球运动员的最大有氧能力。尼尔通作为外源性磷酸肌酸能有效提高最大有氧能力，其作用机理是通过供给心肌及骨骼肌细胞代谢所需要的能量和促进膜稳定作用及改善组织微循环等功效来实现的。     

对短距离速滑运动员有氧能力训练的认识

分析王霏、高雪峰1000m比赛成绩提高的原因,认为运动员有氧能力的提高,起到关键的作用。介绍了高雪峰有氧能力训练的方法,指出短距离速滑运动员通过有氧能力的训练,能使运动员的竞技水平得到进一步的提高。     

大学生跑速无氧阈的观察

通过对体育系部分学生的无氧阈测试 ,结果表明经过入学一年的学习与训练 ,总体跑速无氧阈及植物性机能都有所提高。