Can athletes’ reports of self-regulated learning distinguish deliberate practice from physical preparation activity?

Sustained persistence in deliberate practice (DP) could be aided by engagement in adaptive motivational and metacognitive types of self-regulated learning (SRL) processes. We examined relationships between SRL and each of DP and physical preparation (PP; e.g., cross-training) in supervised, unsupervised, social and non-social practice contexts. 272 individual-sport athletes (from city to international level; M sport activity = 13.54 hrs/wk; 200 males, ages 18–35) completed the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale and reported weekly DP and PP amounts. We found contrasting results depending on specific SRL processes. Self-monitoring was related to DP (total, supervised, social conditions) but inversely related to PP. Effort was inversely related to supervised DP but positively associated with PP. Planning was associated with DP, and reflection and self-efficacy related to PP. We discuss the contrast between DP and PP, highlighting differences in the nature of these practice activities, and self-monitoring as a key SRL process for DP.     

论如何提高表象训练效果

分析讨论了表象训练概念、类型、训练学价值和应用现状,提出制定表象训练计划。提高表象训练效果必须要考虑的一些主要因素与方法原则:运动员个人因素,专项训练的需要,适用方法选择,训练负荷与节奏把握,训练过程质量控制。     

基于实践的运动训练认识论

从“训练实践-训练认识-训练理论-训练认识论”的逻辑关系看,运动训练认识论的理论缘于对运动训练理论的否定,以及否定之否定。把实践观引入运动训练认识论,凸现出实践对训练认识的基础地位和决定作用。基于实践,文章通过辩证地审视运动训练认识论的研究对象、内容与方法,重点阐释“以实践为本体论解释前提、以实践思维方式为根本特征,以实现人的价值为自己理论的终极目标”是运动训练认识论构建的基点。     

我国高校体育教育专业教学实习综述研究

运用文献法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,以2003年以来公开发表的与体育教学实习相关的学术论文为研究对象,探讨了我国高校体育教育专业教育实习科研情况,对体育院系本科实习这一问题进行综述研究。     

Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players

This study examined the developmental sporting activities of 52 German football first Bundesliga professionals (including 18 senior national team members) and 50 fourth to sixth league amateur players. They reported their volumes of organised football practice/training, including its “microstructure” (proportions of physical conditioning, skill exercises and playing forms), non-organised leisure football play and engagement in other sports through their career, respectively. Analyses revealed that the Bundesliga professionals performed moderate amounts of organised football practice/training throughout their career. They accumulated 4264 (mean value) hours over ~16 years before debuting in 1st Bundesliga; senior National Team debut was preceded by 4532 hours (mean) over ~17 years. Within the “microstructure” of organised practice/training, the proportion of playing forms developed from ~52% (childhood) to ~45% (adolescence) and ~40% (adulthood) and physical conditioning from ~13% to ~14% and ~23%. Outside organised involvement, these players engaged in extensive non-organised leisure football play making ~68%, ~54% and ~9% of all football involvement. Subsuming organised and non-organised football, ~86% (childhood), ~73% (adolescence) and ~43% (adulthood) of all activity was game play (exclusive matchplay). National Team differed from amateurs in more non-organised leisure football in childhood, more engagement in other sports in adolescence, later specialisation, and in more organised football only at age 22+ years. Relative to numerous other studies, these players performed less organised practice, particularly less physical conditioning, but greater proportions of playing activities. The findings are discussed relative to the significance of playing forms and variable involvements and are reflected against the deliberate practice and Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP) frameworks.     

社会体育专业实习质量影响因素的调查分析

社会体育的专业实习质量受到学校、实习单位和学生本人等众多因素的影响。从影响社会体育专业实习质量的学生、教师、实习单位和实习管理4个方面因素探讨社会体育专业实习质量的现状,并就提高社会体育专业实习质量等问题提出对策和建议。     

城市社区“10min体育健身圈”的构建——以苏南地区社区体育发展模式为例

通过对当前城市社区体育发展中存在的问题进行分析,结合苏南地区城市社会发展的实际情况和社区居民体育健身的实际需要,提出构建城市社区“10min体育健身圈”的设想,并对构建城市社区“10min体育健身圈”的目的与意义、建设原则、内容和标准、建设思路和措施等进行了阐述。     

变通与同一:中西方体育活动中“心性思维”和“身体思维”的文化差异

中西方体育活动中的不同,更多体现出来的是一种思维方式的不同,概括而言,那就是中国古代体育是一种“心性思维”,而西方体育则是“身体思维”.用心思考的结果是我们传统体育运动中的规则往往是一种变通的、灵活的、甚至于是因人而异的“柔性”规则;重在体验,衡量事物的标准是经验的积累与领悟;以个人问题为取向,讲求天人感应,因此规则随人的改变而改变.而西方体育则在以“身体”为视角的考量下,强调同一与平等,体现出一种“钢性”规则;重在分剖解析,考察事物的标准是层层相加,深入分析;以观念为取向,理性至上,因此规则是恒常的、不变的、同一的,直至发展成今天全球通用的体育规则.     

中国民间体育保护与发展实践论

现代化背景下，我国民间体育与其它许多民间传统文化形式一样，不同程度上存在着文化边缘化乃至文化流失问题。发挥政府导向和干预作用，民间体育进入学校体育，建立民间体育人才培养机制或渠道，发挥新闻媒体的舆论导向作用，实施民间体育资源开发，扩大民间体育文化的国际交流等，是推进和深化当前民间体育的保护与发展实践的有效举措和途径。     

景观体育之解读——以上海市的实践与探索为例

对景观体育的基本概念进行了界定,对上海开展景观体育的实践特点与理论思考进行了归纳总结,对不断完善景观体育提出了探索意见。     

高校健美操教学中融入舞蹈元素的思考与实践探索

健美操教学是高校体育教学的重要组成部分,也是学生最喜爱的体育项目之一,其在学生气质、涵养等方面的培养过程中充当着重要的角色,而现代健美操教学当中如果能融入舞蹈元素,那么健美操的实践和理论教学必将迈上一个新的台阶。所以,笔者结合自身工作经验,就健美操教学当中融入舞蹈元素的理解、实践教学、成功经验和存在的一些问题做全面的归纳总结,并就今后的发展改革的趋势谈谈自己的建议和意见。     

高水平运动技能训练中的运动知觉心理训练取向

针对目前高水平运动技能训练中解决细节问题时缺乏具体操作方法的现状,试图通过基础理论及运动专门化知觉训练范式的分析,以引起教练员对运动技能心理训练的重视。研究提出,应该重视心理训练在运动技能训练中的作用,心理训练不仅仅只是情绪管理,它还担负增强动作技能认知复述的任务;正确的运动知觉是运动反应的前提,专门化知觉训练是运动技能训练方法的取向;高水平运动技能训练中求质比求量更重要,破坏动力定型或认知结构的练习宁肯不做;建立科学的感知觉定位系统并结合有效反馈控制手段是操作策略;遮蔽、表象、反馈和量化控制等是技能细化的具体方法。     

社会体育专业实践教学目标体系优化的策略研究

本文通过问卷调查法、数理统计法对社会体育专业实践教学目标体系的现状进行整理和分析,发现现有的目标体系的重心依然倾向于理论知识的教授,同时,欠缺培养实践能力的具体目标。本文将驱动-受动-调控-保障四层次与"四个子系统、四个平台、四个层次"相结合,对社会体育专业实践教学的目标体系提出优化策略,期望对广西区高校社会体育专业实践教学体系的优化研究做铺垫。     

Reliability Estimates for Criterion-Referenced Measures in the Psychomotor Domain

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine procedures for estimating the reliability for a criterion-referenced measure in the psychomotor domain. Reliability is defined as the consistency of classification of examinees into mastery and nonmastery categories. Three trial mastery criteria—6, 7, 8—were utilized along with three test mastery criteria—.6n, .7n, .8n. Motor skill was defined as first-ball scores of each frame in a line of bowling. Since the empirical distribution functions for men and women subjects were significantly different at trial criteria of 6 and 7, separate reliability coefficients were estimated for each sex. The single administration estimates of reliability developed by Huynh and Subkoviak were equally good indicators of the Swaminathan-Hambleton-Algina estimate of P when the test was administered on 2 days (P represents the proportion of agreement of classifications). Variations in trial and test mastery criteria yielded different proportions of subjects assigned to mastery and nonmastery classifications. When the proportion in either category was high, P tended to be high. As the proportions in the two categories became more similar, the values of P tended to drop. In general, increasing the number of trials was paralleled by an increase in P.     

构建地方高校体育专业实践教学体系的研究

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》提出要更新人才培养观念,树立多样化人才观念,尊重个人选择,鼓励个性发展,不拘一格培养人才。虽然国家最近几年来对高校实践教学提出了许多新的改革要求,但是还没有建立一整套关于实践教学的管理制度和相应的质量管理与评价体系,特别是体育专业实践教学管理较为松散,实践教学环节缺乏必要的监督和管理,实践教学的质量难以保证。文章根据目前体育专业实践教学的现状,对实践教学做出了界定,理清了研究的思路,提出了对策与建议,为构建地方高校体育专业实践教学体系提供了理论依据。     

Many roads lead to Rome – Developmental paths to Olympic gold in men's field hockey

Abstract

This study examined the developmental sporting activities of the Olympic Champions 2012 in men's field hockey. The volume of organised practice/training and non-organised sporting leisure play in both field hockey and other sports through childhood, adolescence and adulthood was examined and compared between the Olympic Champions and (1) current national class players and (2) international medallists of one decade earlier. Analyses revealed that the Olympic Champions performed moderate volumes of organised field hockey practice/training throughout their career and attained their first international senior medal after accumulating 4393 ± 1389 practice/training hours, but they engaged in extensive other sporting activities during childhood and youth. It took them 18 ± 3 years of involvement to attain an international medal and they had engaged for 22 ± 3 years when winning the Olympic gold medal. The Olympic Champions did not differ from national class players in the amount of hockey-specific practice/training, but in greater amounts of organised involvement in other sports and later specialisation. They differed from the international medallists of one decade earlier in less increase of organised hockey-specific practice/training during adulthood and a longer period of involvement until attaining their first international medal. The sporting activities were characterised by sizeable interindividual variation within each subsample. The findings are reflected against the deliberate practice and Developmental Model of Sports Participation (DMSP) frameworks and are discussed with reference to the concept of long-term sustainability.     

大学体育教育“三自主”模式实践环境研究

通过文献资料、专家访谈等方法,对我国高校的体育教学＂三自主＂形式的实践环境状况进行了研究。从具体的学生选课、场馆设施、师资队伍、课程设置等方面,针对影响＂三自主＂教学实践模式的内部和外部环境的进行了分析与研究。对普通高校体育教育＂三自主＂模式的现状进行评估。希望能给予新一轮的体育教学改革,做出方向性、指导性建议。为其他高校体育教育教学改革提供借鉴。