Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Pathogenic Weight Control Behaviors Among NCAA Division I Female Collegiate Gymnasts and Swimmers

Abstract

Nine trained trackmen were divided into experimental (nonmilk) and control (milk) groups. Both groups participated in eight weeks of training. The experimental group was not permitted any milk, cheese, or ice cream except in those dishes in which milk was used in cooking. The controls consumed a minimum of three pints of milk daily and about two pints of ice cream each week. Steady state and all-out treadmill measures were obtained as well as diet recall records. During the period of this investigation no significant effects which might be attributed to milk were observed on performance. With exclusion of milk from the diet the intake of calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin dropped significantly and below the recommended minimum allowances.     

Physiological Correlates of Female Road Racing Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between female distance running performance on a 10 km road race and body composition, maximal aerobic power ([Vdot]O_{2 max} ), running economy (steady-state [Vdot]O₂ at standardized speeds), and the fractional utilization of [Vdot]O_2max at submaximal speeds (% [Vdot]O_2max ). The subjects were 14 trained and competition–experienced female runners. The subjects averaged 43.7 min on the 10 km run, 53.0 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 on [Vdot]O_2max , and 33.9, 37.7, and 41.8 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 for steady-state [Vdot]O₂ at three standardized running paces (177, 196, and 215 m · min^?1). The mean values for fractional utilization of aerobic capacity for these three submaximal speeds were 64.3, 71.4, and 79.3% [Vdot]O_2max , respectively. Significant (p < 0.01) relationships with performance were found for [Vdot]O_2max (r = ?0.66) and % [Vdot]O_2max at a standardized speed (r = 0.65). No significant (p > 0.05) relationships were found between running performance and either running economy or relative body fat. As with male heterogeneous groups, trained female road racing performance is significantly related to [Vdot]O_2max and % [Vdot]O_2max , but not related to body composition or running economy. It was further concluded that on a 10 km road race, trained females operate at a % [Vdot]O_2max similar to that of their trained male counterparts.     

女子跆拳道优秀运动员冬训身体成分与体重测试分析

运用测验法对浙江省跆拳道队8名女队员进行体成分与体重测量,通过现场观察法和访谈法调查冬训及体重控制情况,认为冬训体能训练使队员脂肪含量明显减少和肌肉含量明显增加,大部分队员体重略有下降,针对训练和饮食提出建议。     

优秀女子健身运动员体成分及其分布特征

利用先进“Biospace”身体成份分析仪 ,通过对优秀女子健身运动员体成分特征其分布特征的研究 ,发现 :优秀女子健身运动员体脂及比率、体脂 /体重比值、肥胖度、腹部脂肪比率、总体液及比率、躯干体液及比率与正常人无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;蛋白质及比率、瘦体重及比率、无脂体重及比率、无机质含量及比率均高于正常人 ,且具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;细胞内液、细胞内液 /外液比值均高于正常人 ,具有显著性差异 (P<0 0 5 )。细胞外液及比率低于正常人 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )     

女性运动员EDS的常见相关行为及其防治

进食障碍（eating disorders,EDS）主要是指以反常的摄食行为和心理紊乱为特征、伴有显著的体重改变和/或生理功能紊乱的一组综合征。其主要的临床类型包括：神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和非典型性进食障碍。运动员存在的进食障碍多为非典型性进食障碍,且以女性居多,其发病的危险性是非运动员女性的3倍以上。本文就女性运动员与进食障碍的关系,以及其发病原因、治疗、预防加以综述,为教学、科研、运动训练等提供一些参考和意见。     

体育图片中女性运动员的视觉呈现与形象冲击力

运用文献资料法、内容分析法,通过体育图片中女性的发型与体型、纹身与衣着、镜像语言等3个维度来探析体育图片中女性运动员的视觉呈现模式,并分析体育视觉中女性形象的嬗变。综合体育图片中女性形象的视觉呈现,探究其成因发现：消费主义、父权制社会两大因素带来了女性运动员视觉呈现与形象冲击力上的性别刻板印象。     

我国高校优秀铅球运动员体型特征分析

摘要：高校优秀铅球运动员存在着不同的体型特征,运动成绩越好,男子中胚叶成份分值越高,女子内胚叶成份分值为最高。中胚叶成份与内胚叶成份分值越接近者运动成绩越好。     

赛前集训对我国蹼泳女运动员身体机能的影响

以备战2007年世界蹼泳锦标赛的四名优秀蹼泳女运动员为研究对象,在赛前六周测试四名参赛的蹼泳女运动员的Hb、RBC、WBC、CK、BUN以及T值,探讨赛前集训对我国优秀蹼泳运动员运动能力的影响,初步确定蹼泳运动训练的部分敏感生化指标。研究发现,RBC、Hb与CK可以作为蹼泳运动训练机能测试比较敏感的指标,建议结合训练监控进行长期跟踪研究。     

天津女子柔道运动员身体成分分析与体重控制研究

使用身体成份分析仪,对天津市女子柔道队的20名运动员进行测量与分析,并通过访谈法和问卷法调查其控制体重的方法,指导教练员和运动员进行科学合理的体重控制,达到提高其运动能力的目的。     

Publicizing Female Athletes' Weights: Implications for Female Psychology Undergraduates Acting as Spectators

Abstract

This investigation was conducted in order to determine if there were differences in the degree to which accuracy in throwing with the nonpreferred hand was developed when practice with projectiles of varying weights was used during the learning period. The effects of transfer of learning from the throwing of a ball of one weight to performance with a ball of another weight was also studied. The result indicated that practice with a light ball was as effective as practice with a heavier ball in developing skill to throw a heavier ball. Practice with the heavier ball when transferred to the lighter ball did not demonstrate a corresponding effect.     

不同项目女子优秀运动员体液分布特征及其应用的初步研究

利用"BioSpace"身体成份分析仪,通过对赛艇、短跑和艺术体操女子优秀运动员体液分布特征的实验研究,结果发现:短跑运动员下肢体液指数及细胞内液指数较大,赛艇运动员上肢体液指数及细胞外液指数较大;根据不同项目运动员体液分布的变化可监测和评价运动训练效果;通过比较不同运动员细胞内、外液比例关系可间接推测其肌纤维百分组成的差异。     

女子拳击运动员赛前控、降体重的现状调查

对参加2003全国女子拳击锦标赛的114名运动员采用问卷调查法和实验法进行了赛前控、降体重的调查。赛前两周控、降体重的运动员占全部调查对象的43.86%,平均降体重5.57%。结果显示:运动员赛前两周降体重对运动成绩是有直接影响的,降体重多的运动员的运动成绩远远低于降体重少的及没降体重运动员的运动成绩。     

女子重竞技运动员体脂率与BMI、标准体重指数的相关分析

研究目的:通过测定女子重竞技运动员的体脂率fat%、BMI和标准体重指数(实际体重/标准体重),并对三种测定结果进行相关分析,寻求反映女子重竞技运动员体成分的可靠指标。研究方法:对34名重竞技运动员分别测定其体脂率、BMI和标准体重指数,比较各指标的影响因素,并对测定进行评价。研究结果:①fat%、BMI和标准体重指数分别为(19.3±3.81)%,(23.3±3.0)%和(106.4±16.2)%;②体脂率与BMI、标准体重指数呈低度相关,相关系数分别为r=0.431,r=0.355,P<0.01。结论:三个指标中,皮褶厚度推算脂肪含量是比较客观反映女子重竞技运动员身体成分的方法。     

An Examination of Personal/Situational Variables,Stress Appraisal,and Burnout in Collegiate Teacher-Coaches

Abstract

Following Smith's (1986) cognitive-affective model of stress and burnout in athletics, this investigation examined (a) the relationship of personal/situational variables (social support, gender, and years of experience) to stress appraisal and (b) the relationship of stress appraisal (perceived stress, coaching issues, and role conflict) to burnout. Male (n = 99) and female (n = 115) teacher-head basketball coaches from NCAA Division III and NAIA colleges completed established measures of burnout, perceived stress, teacher—coach role conflict, and social support and a measure of coaching issues developed for this study. Multivariate analyses supported the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, greater satisfaction with social support, less experience, and gender (females higher) were related to stress appraisal, and all stress appraisal variables were positively related to burnout. Contrary to previous studies, these teacher—coaches reported moderate to high levels of burnout.     

我国优秀青少年跳跃运动员集训述评(一)

对参加全国优秀青少年跳跃项目集训的运动员进行了研究，从专项技术、专项素质及身体形态3个方面进行了分析。结论是目前我国青少年跳跃运动员的身体形态大多较好，专项素质也比较突出，但专项技术尚待提高。     

谈女子排球运动员的弹跳力训练

从女性生理特点的角度出发，探讨女子排球运动员的弹跳力训练，为女子排球运动员的专项素质训练提供参考。     

论竞技体育对女运动员的“非人道伤害”问题

竞技体育对人类社会发展的积极作用是巨大的,但对女运动员群体的"非人道伤害"也是客观存在的,具体表现为:高强度、非正当训练带来的女运动员伤病健康问题;隔离式异性交往带来的女运动员恋爱婚姻问题;低文化教育和封闭化管理带来的女运动员退役转型问题。可以尝试通过减少破坏力大的竞技项目、杜绝非人道的训练手段、健全在役运动员安康保险体系、完善退役运动员权益保障机制、引导社会形成健康的体育价值观、采取理性适度的奖励等措施,把竞技体育带来的伤害降到最低、把预防挽救措施做到最严密和最周到,最大限度维护女运动员的权益。     

脑象图技术在优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息能力诊断中的应用

采用脑象图技术（EEQG）对优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的能力进行诊断。结果表明：优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的量和方式以及综合处理信息的能力高于普通人；运动等级、性别和剑种因素对优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑整体处理信息的能力无影响；左前-右脑的双侧匹配在击剑运动员处理信息的过程中发挥更重要的作用。左前-右脑的匹配是大学生击剑运动员处理信息的优势匹配；大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的方式主要受剑种的影响。比较花剑运动员、佩剑运动员大脑左颞区处理信息的能力更强，比较佩剑运动员、花剑运动员左后脑区处理信息的能力更强：边缘系数与运动员赛场竞技状态呈较高负相关，边缘系数越低，运动员在竞技比赛中发挥越好。边缘系数优秀型占运动员总数的51．4％，一般型占48．6%，我国优秀大学生击剑运动员大脑处理信息的效率很高。     

普通大学生运动员与二级运动员的体成分比较研究——以山西高校为例

文章通过对山西大学、山西财经大学、太原理工大学、中北大学等高校2010年度校运动会上,各个项目前八名男子运动员与在校二级高水平运动员体成分进行比较,旨在找出某些规律性特征,从而为运动员科学选材、有效控制体重提供一定的客观依据。     

在非体育专业女大学生中实施健美操编操教学的实验研究

在高校公共体育课中进行健美操编操教学是一种尝试,它突破健美操编操教学只针对体育专业学生教学的传统思想界定,符合现代教育对提高学生综合素质的要求,培养学生编操能力,也将为她们终身进行体育锻炼奠定基础。