The Reliability and Validity of Protocols for the Assessment of Endurance Sports Performance: An Updated Review

Sports performance testing is one of the most common and important measures used in sport science. Performance testing protocols must have high reliability to ensure any changes are not due to measurement error or inter-individual differences. High validity is also important to ensure test performance reflects true performance. Time-trial protocols commonly have a coefficient of variation (CV) of <5%, however, familiarization, well-trained subjects and/or conducting the trial outdoors in the athlete’s most familiar environment can lead to CVs of < 1%. Long duration time-trials or the inclusion of sprints within a time-trial appears to not negatively influence reliability. Few studies have assessed the validity of endurance performance tests, and as such more research should evaluate different ways of simulating outdoor performances in the laboratory. The use of warm-up, simulation of convection load, and implementation of race specific hydration practices are important considerations for researchers regarding test validity.     

中国体育法学的回顾与前瞻———以问题为导向的研究综述

20世纪90年代以后中国体育法学研究取得长足进展。在查阅了1000余篇期刊论文和硕博士论文的基础上,以对体育中的法律问题研究为中心,按照体育与人格权、体育与知识产权、体育与伤害、体育与工作、体育与不当行为、体育纠纷解决6个领域,总结了我国体育法学研究取得的主要成果,并从研究内容、研究方法等方面对我国当前体育法学研究提出了展望。     

文武之道--关于文学和体育最高奖项得失的话题

本文通过文学诺贝尔奖和体育奥运会奖的比较分析,表述作者对文武之道的观点和立场。     

Impact of Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Exercise Tolerance: A Systematic Review

Purpose: This systematic review describes the state of the art of the impact of hypothyroidism on exercise tolerance and physical performance capacity in untreated and treated patients with hypothyroidism. Method: A systematic computer-aided search was conducted using biomedical databases. Relevant studies in English, German, and Dutch, published from the earliest date of each database up to December 2012, were identified. Results: Out of 116 studies, a total of 38 studies with 1,379 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies emphasize the multifactorial causes of exercise intolerance in untreated patients by the impact of limitations in different functional systems, with cardiovascular, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and cellular metabolic systems acting in concert. Moreover, the studies affirm that exercise intolerance in patients is not always reversible during adequate hormone replacement therapy. As a consequence, despite a defined euthyroid status, there remains a significant group of treated patients with persistent complaints related to exercise intolerance who are suffering from limitations in daily and sport activities, as well as an impaired quality of life. An explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. Only 2 studies investigated the effects of a physical training program, and they showed inconsistent effects on the performance capacity in untreated patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusions: A limited body of knowledge exists concerning exercise tolerance in treated patients with hypothyroidism, and there is an insufficient amount of quantitative studies on the effects of a physical training program. To enhance exercise and sports participation for this specific group, more research in this forgotten area is warranted.     

Quality of Life Assessment for Physical Activity and Health Promotion: Further Psychometrics and Comparison of Measures

Despite the clear relationship between physical activity and quality of life, few sound, relevant quality of life measures exist. Gill and colleagues developed a 32-item quality of life survey, and provided initial psychometric evidence. This study further examined that quality of life survey in comparison with the widely used short form (SF-36) health survey. Participants (n = 446) completed the quality of life survey, short form (36) health survey, World Health Organization quality of life measure, satisfaction with life scale, and the Godin physical activity measure. All quality of life survey scales (emotional, social, spiritual, physical, activities of daily living, cognitive, integrated) were internally consistent (alpha .79–.95) and test–retest correlations ranged from .68 to .82. The SF-36 had similar internal consistency, slightly lower test–retest correlations, and weaker relationships with satisfaction with life scale. Quality of life survey scales correlated with matching SF-36 and World Health Organization quality of life measure subscales supporting convergent validity. The quality of life survey reflects positive health models better than the SF-36, and is more appropriate for research and programs that focus on physical activity and health promotion.     

The Attention Window: A Narrative Review of Limitations and Opportunities Influencing the Focus of Attention

Purpose: Visual attention is essential in many areas ranging from everyday life situations to the workplace. Different circumstances such as driving in traffic or participating in sports require immediate adaptation to constantly changing situations and frequently the conscious perception of 2 objects or scenes at the same time. Method: The attention window task, a measure of attentional breadth, in which people must attend to 2 equally attention-demanding stimuli simultaneously, was introduced. This article provides a narrative review of studies using this task and outlines different factors that might influence the attention window. Results: Differences in the spatial distribution of attention result, for example, from effects of age or physical activities as well as from emotional processes and those affected by current motivation, while gender does not have any influence. The window is represented as an ellipse with greater attentional breadth along the horizontal axis than the vertical axis, and it is about 5 to 6 times smaller than the human visual field. Conclusion: Not only everyday occurrences but also situations in sport games—for example, having an overview of the opponent, teammates, and the ball—require the ability to pay visual attention to 2 peripheral objects and continuously changing situations. Therefore, the application or avoidance of different strategies and factors is discussed to improve and adjust behavior in those situations.     

体育社会学与关乎未来的一些可能性:2019年世界体育社会学大会研究专题综述

采用内容分析法,对2019年世界体育社会学大会51场专题报告、198篇论文的整理与归类,总结了当前国际体育社会学研究的热点、特点与发展趋势。研究发现本次大会的议题聚焦于体育与性别、政策、青少年、传媒、民族认同、赛事、种族、健康与良好状态等交叉研究;此外,全球化、老龄化、球迷、运动员等议题也备受关注。总体来看,国际体育社会学研究呈现出研究对象深入、研究议题广阔、研究领域多元、研究方法多样以及研究取向细化等特点,对于拓宽我国体育社会学的研究视域、丰富研究方法有一定的启示。此外,本次大会还特别设立了开放性话题和中国体育发展专题,这一方面反映出国际体育社会学界的全球性视野和对中国体育问题的关注;另一方面也展现了我国体育社会学研究在质量与数量上的进展与潜力。     

Motives for lifestyle and exercise activities: A comparison using the theory of planned behaviour

Abstract

Regular exercise and lifestyle physical activity are often used interchangeably or combined in physical activity messaging based on evidence for their relatively equivalent health outcomes. However, differences between their motivational correlates are relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study was to compare the motives towards lifestyle physical activity and exercise and their relationship with behaviour using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The participants were a sample of undergraduate students (n=150) who completed measures of the TPB framed in terms of exercise and lifestyle physical activity and self-reported physical activity measures with similar framing. Results identified marked differences between the instrumental attitudes towards the two activities showing instrumental attitudes towards exercise to be higher (P<0.01; d=0.68). Most importantly, exercise had larger TPB–behaviour correlations (P<0.01; q=0.15–0.20) compared with lifestyle physical activity, but follow-up analyses by intensity (strenuous, moderate, mild) showed that these differences were only present at strenuous intensity. Our results suggest that the correlates for the two types of physical activity may differ. Although more research is necessary, this may affect the efficacy of promotion campaigns that do not tailor content exclusively for either exercise or lifestyle physical activity.     

序列运动图像采集与解析系统的系统结构与功能

阐述了序列运动图像采集与解析系统的系统功能和结构，详细给出了系统各功能模块的结构框图，介绍了系统的界面、有关各模块的功能与具体操作。     

高师体育教育专业田径课程体系现状与发展研究

田径作为体育教育专业的主干和基础课程,它的改革和发展直接影响着体育教育专业的人才培养。文章对田径课程体系的现状进行了分析,指出了影响田径课程发展的主要因素。提出树立“健康第一”的指导想、更新教材内容、改变单一的课程性质、突出师范性和突出个性发展的田径课程体系发展的基本思路。