Physical Education Teacher Role Identification Instrument

Abstract

A teacher competency questionnaire consisting of 89 statements was designed to elicit responses on the degree of importance assigned to various professional competencies that a female teacher of high school physical education might be expected to possess. The questionnaire's content validity was established by a detailed review of the appropriateness and inclusiveness of the statements in light of related literature and by an examination of the instrument by a panel of competent judges. Test-retest reliability was determined by field-testing the instrument on a group of subjects that included both undergraduate physical education major students and their faculty. Pearson product moment correlations of test-retest scores for each subject yielded a reliability coefficient of .99. The questionnaire may prove useful in identifying the role of the female high school physical education teacher and in determining the role expectations held for her by various groups of university and public school personnel involved in the teacher education process.     

哈尔滨体育学院运动人体科学专业优化课程设置的思考

运动人体科学专业是一门新兴的多学科交叉专业,其专业课程设置问题对于专业人才的培养、拓宽学生就业渠道等方面具有重要作用。本文对哈尔滨体育学院运动人体科学专业课程设置现状进行了分析,肯定了已经取得的成绩,并针对此现状提出了改进的建议：着力挖掘更多突出学科特色的课程;合理把握医学课程设置比例与深度;增强学生实践能力;开拓学生视野,提高学生创新能力;在部分课程中开设双语教学等。以期对于运动人体科学专业建设和学科发展有所裨益。     

A Longitudinal Study of the Transition from Doctoral Student to Faculty Member in Physical Education

ABSTRACT

Purpose: A paucity of literature examines how doctoral students are prepared for the transition into physical education teacher education faculty roles. Given the need to understand how doctoral programs impact such preparation, we sought to investigate this process using a longitudinal approach grounded in occupational socialization theory. Method: Fourteen participants (8 males, 6 female) were interviewed during final stages of doctoral programs and their first years in faculty positions; questions focused on key socializing agents and experiences that shaped their preparation for their academic careers. Data were analyzed using a constant comparison approach entailing open and axial coding. Results: Strong advisor-advisee relationships and finding a supportive department culture during one’s first faculty position were key socializing mechanisms. Participants who independently sought research experiences transitioned more smoothly into faculty roles; however, many had heavy teaching loads which conflicted with ambitions to regularly conduct research. Further, some faculty members experienced tense sociopolitical environments which hindered their productivity and confidence in current job roles. Conclusions: Our results speak to the challenges and successes that faculty members experience as they transition into the academy. Findings have implications for further research and practice to enhance the quality of doctoral education and faculty induction programs.     

甘肃省中小学体育与健康课程教学现状调查

采用分层分级抽样法，对甘肃省6个地区的中小学体育与健康课程进行了调查与分析，阐述了甘肃省中小学体育教师师资、《体育与健康教学大纲》的实施、影响体育开课率的因素以及教材的使用和教师的培训现状。并提出合理性建议，以期为甘肃省学校体育改革提供参考。     

A Field-Based Testing Protocol for Assessing Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Children: The Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for use in assessing motor skills in preschool children in field-based settings. The development of the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol included evidence of its reliability and validity for use in field-based environments as part of large epidemiological studies. Following pilot work, 297 children (3–5 years old) from 22 preschools were tested using the final version of the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol and the Test of Gross Motor Development (2nd Edition). Reliability of the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol and interobserver reliability were determined using intraclass correlation procedures (intraclass correlation coefficients; ANOVA). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients to compare the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol to the original Test of Gross Motor Development (2nd Edition). Results indicated that test reliability, interobserver reliability, and validity coefficients were all high, generally above R/r = .90. Significant age differences were found. Outcomes indicate that the Children's Activity and Movement in Preschool Study Motor Skills Protocol is an appropriate tool for assessing motor development of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in field-based settings that are consistent with large-scale trials.     

中小学兼职体育教师素养发展探究

当前是我国进一步推进素质教育发展、落实立德树人教育任务、提升学生身心健康水平的关键时期。为充分整合体育人才资源,提升兼职体育教师素养水平和体育教学质量,推进新时代体育师资队伍建设,采用文献研究法、访谈法、逻辑推理等方法,界定兼职体育教师的概念,分析我国兼职体育教师的需求原因及素养提升需求;通过解构教师素养结构体系,重新构建由基础素养、职业素养、专业素养组成的教师素养"金字塔"模型;并观照此模型及兼职体育教师素养现实提出兼职体育教师素养提升策略。     

Recent Changes in the Requirement and Content of Required Health and Physical Education for Men in Land Grant Colleges and Universities

Abstract

In this study, tabulations were made of the number and types of specialized recreation education courses offered by institutions in the- State of California. Thirty-six institutions are offering specialized recreation courses; 17 provide a major in recreation, eight, a minor, and 13 offer specialized courses in recreation but have no major or minor field of study. A detailed chart contains the names and frequency range of the courses. Courses offered by California institutions were compared with and were found to agree with certain characteristics described from data assembled in a nation-wide study of 30 institutions.     

高校体育教育专业基础理论课程教学改革探究——以《学校体育学》为例

提高教学质量是当前阶段高等教育发展的重要课题。面对社会发展对人才的需求及体育教育专业理论课程教学的现状,提出《学校体育学》教学改革的思路与措施。通过教学改革方案的设计与实施,从学生发展与教师成长两个方面对教学效果进行客观分析,并结合教学经验对今后教学改革进行规划与展望。     

Socialization into Sport: Parent and Child Reverse and Reciprocal Effects

Purpose: A signature characteristic of positive youth development (PYD) programs is the opportunity to develop life skills, such as social, behavioral, and moral competencies, that can be generalized to domains beyond the immediate activity. Although context-specific instruments are available to assess developmental outcomes, a measure of life skills transfer would enable evaluation of PYD programs in successfully teaching skills that youth report using in other domains. The purpose of our studies was to develop and validate a measure of perceived life skills transfer, based on data collected with The First Tee, a physical activity-based PYD program. Method: In 3 studies, we conducted a series of steps to provide content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability for the Life Skills Transfer Survey (LSTS), a measure of perceived life skills transfer. Results: Study 1 provided content validity for the LSTS that included 8 life skills and 50 items. Study 2 revealed construct validity (structural validity) through a confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity by correlating scores on the LSTS with scores on an assessment tool that measures a related construct. Study 3 offered additional construct validity by reassessing youth 1 year later and showing that scores during both time periods were invariant in factor pattern, loadings, and variances and covariances. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated internal consistency reliability of the LSTS.Conclusion: Results from 3 studies provide evidence of content and construct validity and internal consistency reliability for the LSTS, which can be used in evaluation research with youth development programs.     

Teacher Perceptions of a Physical Education Statewide Assessment Program

Abstract

A statewide program assessment was established to make positive change in physical education school programs in South Carolina. Reform efforts depend both on balancing accountability for change and teacher support for change (Odden &Anderson, 1986). The purpose of the study was to determine teacher perceptions of the South Carolina Physical Education Assessment Program and its effects across six related themes including: changes in teaching and learning, changes in curriculum and instruction, teacher awareness of the assessment program, teacher support for the program, work place conditions, and the advocacy role of the program. It was also the purpose of this study to determine if the survey responses were in any way related to teacher and school variables. The overall results of the study indicated positive change and support for the assessment program, supporting the viability of the standards, assessment, and accountability reform effort to positively impact physical education programs.     

Reflections on the Use of the RTE Model in Physical Education

Abstract

Research on teacher effectiveness (RTE) using process-product design is a relative newcomer in the area of educational research and an infant in the realm of physical education. The “ideal” model for RTE postulated by cognitive domain researchers from the University of Pittsburgh's Learning Research and Development Center specified six requirements for such research including measures of outcome, teacher behavior, and other influencing factors; a model of classroom processes; data collection procedures; and analysis techniques. This paper discusses procedures and problems related to application of the model where the outcome was psychomotor. Specific topics of discussion include utilizing practice time, providing feedback, defining teaching, measuring teacher mastery, selecting the learning task, utilizing the experimental teaching unit (ETU) approach, and using observation systems. The knowledge base in the acquisition of motor skill must be translated into language for the practitioner. To accomplish this translation, it is necessary to identify teacher behaviors that facilitate learning within given contexts for a specified task or tasks. Such identification will be possible when additional research provides refinement in the model and a sound foundation of knowledge. This research endeavor was an early step in the refinement process.     

Performance,motivation, and enjoyment in young female basketball players: An interdisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in accumulated basketball training experience, body size, functional performance, deliberate practice motivation, achievement and competitiveness motivation and sources of enjoyment among young female basketball players, partitioning the potential variation by individuals´ biological characteristics (menarche status) and contextual characteristics (competitive age group and competitive level). We considered 114 adolescent female basketball players aged 14.3 (1.8) years. We used multilevel regression and poststratification estimations. The adolescent female basketball players selected for state-level had more accumulated experience, were taller and with better functional performance. Conditional on the data, youth female coaches tend to value (probably overvalue) size and function when selecting/promoting players, even at early age groups, likely contributing to an overrepresentation of early maturing girls in at early age groups. Players from club- and state-level were similarly highly motivated for deliberate practice and to achievement. Only for competitiveness, state-level players had higher values than club level players. The sources of enjoyment were influenced by context (competitive levels) for self-referenced competencies and others-referenced competencies. Structured programs of training and competition in youth female basketball provide a nurturing environment for the development of players´ engagement and commitment to training and excellence attainment.     

公共体育课的改革视角下大学生体育课IPA分析

本文以魅力质量理论为依据运用IPA分析法对湖南理工学院2019年公共体育羽毛球选项课学生为研究对象,分析影响公共体育选项课满意度的各项指标。研究分析了公共体育选项课的基本质量、一元质量和魅力质量特征及原因对策;魅力质量包括教师语言表达、教师品质、同学间谦让场地等,如果这类超预期指标能够给予满足可以达到意想不到的效果。     

The relationship between competencies acquired through Swiss academic sports science courses and the job requirements

In view of the changes in and growing variety of sports-related occupations, it is highly relevant for educational institutions to know how well the educational contents of their sport science courses meet the professional requirements. This study analyses the relationship between the competencies acquired through academic sports science courses and the requirements of the relevant jobs in Switzerland. The data for this empirical analysis were drawn from a sample of n = 1054 graduates of different academic sport science programmes at all eight Swiss universities. The results show that academic sport science courses primarily communicate sports-specific expertise and practical sports skills. On the other hand, most graduates consider that the acquisition of interdisciplinary competencies plays a comparatively minor role in sport science education, even though these competencies are felt to be an important requirement in a variety of work-related environments and challenges.     

Making a career in PESP in the corporatized university: reflections on hegemony,resistance, collegiality and scholarship

This lecture considers how it might be possible to make a career as a university scholar at a time when the university is becoming increasingly corporatised. Consistent with the intent of the Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy (PESP) Special Interest Group (SIG) Scholar Lecture, I draw on personal experiences from my own career as a university teacher, researcher, teacher educator and leader to consider the extent to which the hegemony of corporatisation might be challenged and subverted, the kinds of resistance that can and should take place, and the central importance of collegiality and scholarship to the sustainability of the university as an institution of higher learning. I will consider more specifically what it means to develop a career as a scholar in a practical and marginalised field such as PESP, and the possibilities that exist to secure the future of the field of research and praxis.     

Studies of Physical Education in the United States Using SOFIT: A Review

Purpose: An objective database for physical education (PE) is important for policy and practice decisions, and the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) has been identified as an appropriate surveillance tool for PE across the nation. The purpose of this review was to assess peer-reviewed studies using SOFIT to study K–12 PE in U.S. schools. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses informed the review, and 10 databases were searched for English-language articles published through 2016. A total of 704 records identifying SOFIT were located, and 137 full texts were read. Two authors reviewed full-text articles, and a data extraction tool was developed to select studies and main topics for synthesis. Results: Twenty-nine studies that included direct observations of 12,256 PE lessons met inclusion criteria; 17 were conducted in elementary schools, 9 in secondary schools, and 3 in combined-level schools. Inconsistent reporting among studies was evident, including not all identifying the number of classes and teachers involved. All studies reported student physical activity, but fewer reported observer reliabilities (88%), lesson context (76%), teacher behavior (38%), and PE dosage (34%). The most frequently analyzed independent variables were teacher preparation (48%), lesson location (38%), and student gender (31%). Conclusions: SOFIT can be used reliably in diverse settings. Inconsistent reporting about study procedures and variables analyzed, however, limited comparisons among studies. Adherence to an established protocol and more consistent reporting would more fully enable the development of a viable database for PE in U.S. schools.     

Effects of Varied Techniques in Organizing Class Competition upon Changes in Sociometric Status

Abstract

The effects of different methods of class organization and different competitive situations upon social status change in college men was investigated. After initial testing, 88 male subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and participated three days per wk. for six weeks in badminton activity classes. A control group of 22 subjects did not participate in any activity. The subjects engaged in their respective programs for three weeks in anticohesive pairs and three weeks in cohesive pairs. A social distance rating card was used to obtain scores at the beginning and end of each three-week period.

The findings in this study would appear to warrant the conclusions that (a) positive shifts in social acceptance can be brought about through a conscious effort on the part of the teacher to organize class activity and direct student interaction in light of measured sociometric status; and (b) that changes in sociometric ratings are not likely to occur automatically as a result of the normal social forces present in a class situation, with or without physical activity.     

论体育教师备课思维范式的转换与教学创新

教师备课思维范式的研究,是教师思维研究的有机组成部分。在体育教学活动中,备课作为第一环节,体育教师以什么样的哲学观念来指导教学设计,直接体现了相应教育理念,是素质教育背景下实现体育教学目标、教学模式、教学内容和成绩评定改革的基础和起始,文章指出传统的备课思维范式已不能适应新世纪素质教育的发展要求,提出了构建以人为本、以引导学生学习为主、以学生活动为焦点的新备课思维范式的设想,从而促进教学创新。