Children's Frequency of Participation in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities

Abstract

Third and fourth grade boys (n = 422) and girls (n = 390) in four Texas elementary schools reported their participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) over a 3-day period. Students were surveyed during class on successive days. On a subsample (n = 44), the agreement between reported and observed physical activities during physical education or recess was 86.3%. Running, walking fast, games and sports, and bicycling accounted for 70% of Total MVPAs. Of Total MVPAs reported, 47.0% for boys and 44.6% for girls were 10 min or longer in duration (LMVPA). The average number of LMVPAs per day was 1.7 for both boys and girls. Students reported significantly more occurrences of LMVPAs out of school than during school. Significant interaction between grade and gender indicated that third grade boys reported more Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than third grade girls, but fourth grade boys reported fewer Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than fourth grade girls. During the 3-day reporting period, 12.3% of boys and 13.3% of girls reported no LMVPAs, and 35.6% of boys and girls reported fewer than one LMVPAs per day. While the majority of children reported obtaining at least some activity daily, a substantial proportion of children in this sample reported fewer than one LMVPA daily, indicating that many children may not be obtaining adequate amounts of physical activity.     

Validation of Using Fitness Center Attendance Electronic Records to Assess the Frequency of Moderate/Vigorous Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among Adults

The purpose of this study was to provide three construct validity evidence for using fitness center attendance electronic records to objectively assess the frequency of leisure-time physical activity among adults. One hundred members of a fitness center (45 women and 55 men; aged 18 to 64 years) completed a self-report leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. The theory of planned behavior constructs (e.g., intention and perceived behavioral control), VO₂max, and % BF were assessed. Fitness center attendance electronic records were expressed as the weekly mean number of mandatory check-in records retrieved from the fitness center's electronic database over a 12-week period prior to participant's physical fitness evaluation. A continuous (frequency) and categorical (“adherent” versus “non-adherent”) scores were computed. Results indicated that perceived behavioral control was associated with fitness center attendance electronic records and mediated the fitness center attendance electronic records–intention relationship. Fitness center attendance electronic records were associated with VO₂max and self-report leisure-time physical activity. Therefore, results provide three evidence of construct validity of using fitness center attendance electronic records scores to assess leisure-time physical activity behavior.     

A Comparison of Self-Report Scales and Accelerometer-Determined Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Scores of Finnish School Students

The current article provides an important insight into measurement differences between two commonly used self-reports and accelerometer-determined moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) scores within matched samples across 1 school year. Participants were 998 fifth- through eighth-grade students who completed self-reports and 76 fifth- and sixth-grade children with accelerometers. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) Research Protocol showed the higher frequency of days exceeding 60 minutes of MVPA than the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Larger proportions of children achieved the MVPA guidelines based on HBSC results (girls 16%, boys 29%), than IPAQ-SF (girls 5%, boys 11%), or accelerometers data (girls 0%, boys 0%). MVPA remained stable over 12 months on the basis of both self-report and accelerometer results. Both self-report scales presented should be used with discretion in population studies, whereas accelerometer-determined data can be more authentic when personal guidance is required.     

青少年体育锻炼行为的影响因素

以毛荣建（2003）所提出假设（在TPB理论基础上做出改进,将行为习惯、目标态度、情感体验3个变量融入了计划行为理论模型中,用来测量青少年体育锻炼态度。）为研究理论依托,进一步验证体育锻炼态度及其影响因素与体育锻炼行为之间的关系,通过《锻炼态度》与《体育锻炼行为》问卷对在校大学生分层随机调查,运用方差分析、相关分析、回归分析与路径分析等方法分析数据,结果表明：锻炼者与非锻炼者在体育锻炼态度各维度上呈现显著性差异;性别因素不能影响锻炼人群在体育锻炼态度的各项维度得分的差异性的结果,非锻炼人群也是如此;体育锻炼活动中,决定行为意向的关键变量因素是态度;具有高情感体验、或高认知的大学生,并不一定是锻炼者。路径分析说明,行为习惯、情感体验、行为认知、目标态度、主观标准一方面通过行为态度间接作用体育行为,另一方面,行为习惯、目标态度、主观标准对体育行为还具有直接的预测作用。     

The Association between Physical Activity Behavior and Commonly Reported Barriers in a Worksite Population

Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning the true nature of “novice” behavior and the occurrence of behavioral changes during learning. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the evolving behavior of three beginners during six practice sessions on a ski simulator. The position of the apparatus platform was recorded as time series and used for constructing dynamical models, including stiffness and damping functions. The results showed that novices tended to exploit a Rayleigh damping behavior during the first trials and then transition toward a van der Pol damping. These results replicate previous observations by Nourrit, Delignières, Caillou, Deschamps, and Lauriot (2003) and suggest the transition to the expert behavior could arise early in practice, when the task is of moderate difficulty. The discussion focuses on the properties of the observed learning dynamics and proposes a global conceptualization for acquiring complex motor skills.     

体育课不同累积中-大强度体力活动时间对初中生健康体适能及情绪状态影响的实验研究

以初一年级5个班级145名学生为研究对象,采用5×2×2的3因素实验设计,根据体育课不同累积中‐大强度体力活动时间的实验实施方案,共进行8周实验干预。研究结果显示,体育课中累积MVPA时间增加有助于提高课堂运动负荷,且促进课堂运动负荷维持在较为稳定区间;体育课不同累积MVPA时间增加对身体成分和肌肉力量改善具有促进作用,60％累积MVPA运动时间对肌肉耐力改善显著好于对照班,50％以上累积 MVPA 运动时间显著改善心肺耐力,不同累积 MVPA 时间对柔韧度改善无显著性影响;体育课累积MVPA时间占课堂时间40％以上对学生情绪状态改善具有促进作用,其中,40％以上累积MVPA时间对学生疲劳情绪状态改善效果显著好于对照班学生,60％累积 MVPA时间对女生精力情绪状态改善效果非常显著好于对照班女生。     

论大学生身体自我概念与体育活动参与行为

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法等,分析大学生身体自我概念对其体育锻炼参与行为的影响。结果表明:大学生锻炼参与行为的各项指标,即锻炼年限、每周锻炼次数、每次锻炼时间、每周锻炼总时间、锻炼强度、锻炼兴趣、体育成绩等,在某种程度上均可由身体自我概念的相应维度得分或总分进行预测。提示:身体自我概念可作为体育锻炼参与的动机因素加以干预;身体自我概念与体育锻炼参与行为之间关系的顺序问题有待进一步实验研究。     

体育活动与老年人的抑郁:系统综述

抑郁是老年人一种常见的不良情绪，通过对描述性研究，元分析研究，流行病学研究和实验研究的综述，认为体育活动对减轻老年人的抑郁有积极作用。     

影响体育锻炼行为的社会心理因素分析

对影响体育锻炼行为的社会心理因素的分析,有利于体育锻炼行为的转变,形成体育锻炼的习惯,从而建立终身体育锻炼的意识,促进现代人与社会和谐发展,加快体育社会化进程．     

大学生体育活动中的锻炼承诺和锻炼坚持性研究

采用问卷调查的方法,对967名大学生的锻炼承诺和锻炼坚持性进行调查,并分析不同体育锻炼情况的大学生在锻炼承诺与锻炼坚持性上的不同,结果表明,锻炼时间、锻炼方式、锻炼效果和身体自我感觉的不同在锻炼承诺和锻炼坚持性上存在差异。     

身体活动的健康运动阈与健康体质运动阈的比较及启示

通过对“健康”与“健康体质””和“健康运动阈””与“健康体质运动阈”概念及研究状况的比较分析表明，在新世纪体育工作以“增强体质“为目的的这种提法不仅没有过时，而且还对体育工作提出了更高的要求。它将是指导我们体育工作永远不变的航向。     

体力活动对老年人认知功能影响的研究述评

随着社会进步,人类的平均寿命日益延长,老龄化问题已经凸显,关注老年人的生活质量是全世界需要面对的共同课题.认知功能作为老年人生活质量的重要预测因子之一,其与体力活动的关系已经成为锻炼心理学的热点研究领域之一.本文综述了体力活动对老年人认知功能影响及其机制的研究.在此基础上,提出该领域的后续研究还应深入探讨以下问题：（1）体力活动对老年人认知功能影响的剂量反应效应;（2）体力活动影响老年人认知功能的生理及心理机制.（3）其他练习形式对老年人认知功能的影响.（4）身体锻炼与其他形式的干预相结合的途径及效益.     

Correlates of Physical Activity Behavior in Rural Youth

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity behavior in a sample of rural, predominantly African American youth. Three hundred sixty-one fifth-grade students from two rural counties in South Carolina (69% African American, median age = 11 years) completed a questionnaire designed to measure beliefs and social influences regarding physical activity, physical activity self-efficacy, perceived physical activity habits of family members and friends, and access to exercise and fitness equipment at home. After school physical activity and television watching were assessed using the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR). Students were classified as physically active according to a moderate physical activity standard: two or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 3 METs (metabolic equivalents) or greater, and a vigorous physical activity standard: one or more 30-min blocks at an intensity of 6 METs or greater. According to the moderate physical activity standard, 34.9% of students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and exercise equipment at home to be significant correlates of low activity status. According to the vigorous physical activity standard, 32.1% of the students were classified as low-active. Multivariate analysis revealed age, gender, television watching, and self-efficacy with respect to seeking support for physical activity to be significant correlates of low activity status. In summary, gender and the amount of television watching were found to be the most important correlates of physical activity in rural, predominantly African American youth.     

Quantifying Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in High School Physical Education: A Pedometer Steps/Minute Standard

The primary objective of this research was to quantify the recommended minimum level (i.e., 50% of the class time) of moderate to vigorous physical activity within high school physical education via pedometry steps/min. A secondary objective was to explore the influence of lesson duration (i.e., traditional vs. block schedules) on quantifying moderate to vigorous physical activity via steps/min. Data (N = 218) were collected from 27 physical education classes taught by 10 certified physical educators in 6 schools. Physical activity measures were steps/min, percent of time engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (%MVPA), and time engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPAtime, min.). Steps/min and %MVPA were strongly associated for all data and traditional and block schedules (r ≥ .94, p ≤ .01). Diagnostic statistics suggest that steps/min accurately discriminates between achievement and non-achievement of the 50% moderate to vigorous physical activity criterion. A steps/min interval of 82 to 83 was the most accurate indicator of the 50% criterion for all data. Steps/min and MVPAtime were strongly associated for traditional and block schedules independently (r ≥ .93, p ≤ .01) but not for all data combined (r ≥ .64, p ≤ .01). In conclusion, steps/min accurately quantifies the 50% moderate to vigorous physical activity criterion in high school physical education, and it is recommended as a physical education physical activity surveillance measure.     

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为研究综述

社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为的关系在国外的研究中还存有不一致的结论,但是多数研究者肯定社会性体格焦虑对锻炼动机和行为的影响。由于国内目前仅有极个别研究者涉及此领域,本综述在介绍国内外社会性体格焦虑与锻炼动机和行为关系研究进展的同时,也希望能将此方面研究纳入我国锻炼心理学研究领域。     

体育锻炼作为大学生应对策略的研究

针对特定的考试应激，使用心境状态量表（POMS）和锻炼感觉量表（EFI），通过实验比较的方法，研究体育锻炼作为应对策略降低应激反应的效果。实验结果表明，大学生参与体育锻炼能够有效地降低考试后产生的应激反应，改善心境状态；体育锻炼对心境状态的改善与运动愉快感的产生之间存在显著意义的相关关系。     

健康弱势学生课外体育锻炼现状分析与研究

通过对南京10所高校健康弱势学生课外体育锻炼现状的调查,发现他们普遍对集体活动有畏惧感,自卑心理严重,对体育锻炼缺乏积极性,使本就处于健康弱势的他们在体育方面更加劣势。建议高校能建立一体化的健康弱势学生群体健身管理体系,更好地为健康弱势学生提供健身指导。     

大学生体育活动的态度及其行为的调查研究

从认识论的角度看,大学生体育活动行为是受体育意识影响的,即参加什么样的体育活动,参加体育活动要达到什么样的目的,主要取决于他们对体育价值与功能的认识程度和所持的态度积极与否。因此,分析研究大学生体育活动的态度与行为,并作出解释和评价,不仅可以有针对性地提出建设性的对策,指导大学生的体育活动,同时也有助于高校体育教育改革的继续深化。1研究对象与方法1.1研究对象天津市8所普通高校的在校大学生,高校分别是天津大学、南开大学、天津医科大学、天津工业大学、天津师范大学、天津理工学院、天津商学院、天津外语学院。1.2研究方…     

体力活动测量方法研究进展

体力活动水平与健康之间存在着剂量反应,如何准确测量体力活动水平是研究人员关心的问题。本文综述了体力活动研究的几种主要方法:行为观察法,双标水法,间接热量测量法,心率法,运动传感器法,问卷法。双标水法被认为是人体能量消耗测量的金标准,间接热量测量法也经常被用来校正其他测量方法,但这两种方法很难在大规模人群中应用。运动传感器和问卷法是在大规模人群中应用比较多的两种方法。