浅析图形—背景理论在简单句中的应用

图形—背景理论起源于心理学,后来在认知语言学当中占有很重要的地位。本文从图形—背景理论的基本认知内容出发,介绍此理论是怎样通过方位词、介词体现出来的,加深人们对词及句子更深刻的认知理解。     

试论设计色彩的方法表现

分析和探究设计色彩在艺术设计领域中的表现方法,应用对色彩的归纳、分析、概括、组织等方法以此来体现设计色彩空间表达的内容。     

Early kindergarten identification of academically not-ready children by use of human figure drawing developmental score

The Koppitz Human Figure Drawing (HFD) Test was examined for use in early identification of academically not-ready kindergarten children. HFD developmental scores of a group of children who later “passed” the Metroplitan Readiness Test (stanine score ≥4), as required for admission to the first-grade classroom, were compared with the HFD scores of a group of children who later “failed” the Metropolitan Readiness Test (stanine score ≤3). Evaluation of the test data showed that the optimum HFD score cut-off point for prediction of nonreadiness was ≤3; 42% of the nonready and 90% of the ready children, as defined by the Metropolitan Readiness Test (MTR) score criterion, were correctly identified. An overall hit rate of 75% was obtained on the experimental population. The work indicates that HFD developmental scores are useful for early identification of the academically not-ready kindergarten child.     

论色彩教学中存在的几个问题——以绘画专业与设计专业为例

色彩是造型艺术中一门重要的基础课,它的基本原理贯穿于专业学习的始终,色彩基础教学的好坏直接关系学生专业的发展。不同的专业的色彩教学既存在共同的一面,又有所差异。本文就绘画和艺术设计专业色彩教学的共性与个性及存在的问题进行了思考和分析,寻求出解决问题的办法和建议。     

翻译实践中图形-背景关系在译文中的转换

在认知语言学视角下,理想的翻译是原文中所蕴含的认知结果可以完全忠实地反映在译文中。鉴于源语和目标语在句法、文化方面存在的差异,译文和原文有时会存在差异,这使得原文中所蕴含的认知结果不能完全忠实地反映在译文中,译者在译文中对原文中所蕴含的认知结果进行了调整。从图形-背景理论视角看,译者有时需要在译文中对原文中所蕴含的图形-背景关系进行转换。本文通过简单句、复合句的翻译实例简要阐释了图形-背景关系在译文中的转换。     

Effects of cross-modal transfer on direct and reversal learning in the rat

In the first experiment, using within- and between-sensory modality CSs, direct and reversal transfer of active avoidance learning was studied in 48 male and 48 female albino rats. Training in each of two sessions employed either a high- or low-intensity light or noise CS. The analyses of both raw score data and proportional or savings score data indicated significant cross-modal transfer in direct as well as reversal learning conditions. Although females learned faster than males, there were no sex differences in amount of transfer. A second experiment, which examined the potential of compound conditioning within the cross-modal learning procedures, replicated the cross-modal results of the first experiment without finding evidence for compound conditioning. These results are interpreted in terms of specific and nonspecific transfer effects during avoidance learning.     

Effects of strategy-oriented training on children’s inference drawing from pictures

It is important that children learn to draw inferences from pictures. But can that ability be taught? This study sought to develop the picture-interpretation strategies of fourth-grade children by providing training in the use of such verbal guidelines as “Help yourself to all the given information.” The program apparently helped the children produce more inferences, but did not enhance their skills in evaluating inferences at least not over the 16 30–40 minute sessions devoted to the training.     

Effects of infant sociability and the caretaking environment on infant cognitive performance.

40 middle-class mothers and their 12-month-old infants participated in an examination of the extent to which infant sociability and infant home experiences were correlated with cognitive capacity. Results indicated that the measures of the home environment (including Caldwell's Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment [HOME] inventory) were not correlated with the measures of cognitive competence (Bayley Mental Development Index [MDI], Ordinal Scales of Psychological Development) except among firstborns. Measures of the home environment were, however, correlated with measures of infant sociability (assessed inside and outside the test situation): sociable infants had sociable mothers. The infants' reactions to strange adults clearly influenced their performance in testing situations. Strong relationships were found between both measures of sociability and both measures of cognitive competence. The sociable friendly infants received higher scores on both cognitive tests than the less sociable babies did.     

材料性能检测实验教学模式的改革与实践

从材料性能检测实验的内容、实验的预习、多媒体手段的应用、不同实验采用不同的教学方法以及实验过程的指导评价、实验报告的书写等方面,介绍了在材料性能检测实验教学上的一些改革和实践.     

色彩在人体彩绘中的表现技巧

人体彩绘艺术本身呈现了人体与色彩、人体与背景的内外部有机整体性、各组成成分的不可分离性。所以色彩在人体彩绘中的表现也直接影响彩绘作品的效果,通过对色彩颜料的选用、色彩与图案的结合、色彩的表现技法以及色彩的搭配原则的研究,结合当代一系列具有个性色彩的人体彩绘作品分析,总结出色彩在人体彩绘中的表现技巧。     

Effects of student-generated drawing and imagination on science text reading in a computer-based learning environment

Educational technology research and development - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of student-generated drawing and imagination on learning recall, learning transfer, and...     

Effects of performance objectives on achievement

The purpose of this investigation was to determine (1) the effects of performance objectives on the achievement level of low achieving black inner city pupils and (2) the effects of giving the students performance objectives prior to beginning instruction The population used in this study was selected from four predominantly black inner city schools. The results of the study show that training teachers to use performance objectives had a significant effect on student cognitive achievement. Although providing students copies of the objectives prior to study did not significantly affect their cognitive achievement, performance objectives, as an instructional technique, seem as effective as traditional methods of instruction currently used with low achievers.     

混合式教学模式在机械识图与绘制课程中的应用研究

在"互联网+"背景下,随着翻转课堂的出现,线上教学与线下教学的混合教学模式受到关注。针对我校目前沿用情景式、一体化、体验式教学模式,深入分析各种教学模式应用范畴,探讨互联网和不同教学模式相辅相成内在机理、提出混合式教学模式的教学思路;结合机械识图与绘制课程特点,以碎片化知识点为切入建立微课资源库来实现翻转课堂;在凸显"互联网+"理念的基础上,结合西部地区自身条件创建新型的教学模式,促进高校课程的教学水平和教学质量。     

增压吸收对土壤源吸收式热泵性能影响的模拟分析

针对土壤源吸收式热泵的性能对供热二次网回水温度较为敏感,提出采用压缩机增压的方式来提高吸收式热泵的吸收压力,进而提高土壤源吸收式热泵的高温性能。以LiBr-H_2O为工质对,模拟分析增压吸收对土壤源吸收式热泵高温性能的影响。结果表明,增压吸收可以有效降低吸收式热泵稀溶液的浓度,进而可以提高二次网回水温度,降低吸收式热泵的驱动热源温度。同时,随着增压比的升高,土壤源吸收式热泵供热系统的一次能源利用效率不断下降。     

Effects of perceptual salience on the matrix task performance of four- and six-year-old children.

The effects of salience on 4- and 6-year-old children's ability to classify multiplicatively was investigated. A rank-ordered salience hierachy consisting of 3 dimensions was first assessed for each S. Several weeks later half the Ss of each age group were presented with a series of 9 3 times 3 matrix problems consisting of values from 2 dimensions ranked high in salience. The remaining half received identically structured matrices consisting of values from 1 highly salient dimension and of others from a dimension ranked low in salience. The goal in each problem was to select that compound stimulus from a set of alternatives that appropriately filled an empty cell in the matrix. Prior to the matrix problems, half the Ss in each matrix condition received sensitization training designed to increase the salience of the relevant dimensions in the matrix problems. The results showed that the pre-assessed salience of the relevant dimensions affected matrix solution in that more accurate performance was associated with those problems with both relevant dimensions relatively high in salience than those with one high and one low. Although the older Ss solved more problems, the evidence for coordination in the younger Ss was clear. No effects of sensitization training were found.     

Effects of performance visualization on employment interviews

Two studies were undertaken to assess the value of exposing people to performance visualization in order to help them cope with communication apprehension (CA) in employment interviews. The first study, which took place in a laboratory, employed a pre/post‐test experimental design. Seniors who were preparing to enter the job market took part in mock interviews, completed a state communication apprehension (CA) measure, a trait CA measure, and a scale designed to measure negative thinking. Participants were then assigned to performance visualization, placebo, or control conditions. After exposure to the requisite treatment, they participated in another mock interview and completed the same battery of measures. The second study took place in the field. In this study, participants, who were about to undergo a screening interview for a job, completed state and trait CA measures, were exposed to performance visualization, and completed the state and trait CA measures the second time. These studies indicated that exposure to performance visualization related negatively to CA and negative thoughts, as well as positively to being offered a job. It showed no relationship to being asked back for a second interview. The implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion of this report.     

略论图形的面积

该文对于求几何图形面积这一问题,从其产生、形成、发展以及更为严密的方法等进行了综述;概括性介绍了在不同条件下,怎样处理面积的问题.     

Effects of writing beliefs and planning on writing performance

White and Bruning (2005) distinguished two sets of writing beliefs: transactional and transmissional beliefs. In this paper we analyse their beliefs scale and suggest two hypotheses about how such beliefs relate to writing performance. The single-process hypothesis treats the beliefs as different amounts of engagement, whereas the dual-process hypothesis claims that the beliefs represent different types of engagement. We then describe the results of an experiment with 84 university students as participants that assessed the relationship between writing beliefs, different forms of pre-planning and different aspects of writing performance. Our results support the dual-process hypothesis, and suggest that transactional beliefs are about the preference for a top-down strategy or a bottom-up strategy, while transmissional beliefs are about the content that is written about. These beliefs interact in their effects on text quality, the amount and type of revision carried out, and the extent to which writers develop their understanding. They also moderate the effectiveness of outlining as a strategy.     

Effects of resource concentration on research performance

This paper reports the results of a study commissioned by the Australian National Board of Employment, Education and Training, which examines in detail the effect of resource concentration on research performance, and the basis for critical mass, economies of scale, critical time and risk strategy hypotheses. The widespread introduction of policies of resource concentration around the world are found to have been based on little examined assumptions, and in operation to be at times counter-productive. In general relationships between group size and productivity are found to be linear, though there does appear to be evidence for an optimal size of 5–8. Detailed results and policy implications of these findings are presented.